Iqhekeza umculo. Genre kunye neefom

Xa obanzi umculo - intwana (negalelo okanye uyakhala), nto leyo kwesiphumo umqambi. Lubonakala yi-ngesiphelo yangaphakathi, individualization uhlobo kunye nomxholo, i-nitrogen ye notation womculo uphumezo kamva.

Piece of umculo inokuba semono (uncuthu kunye kusitsho) kunye polyphonic (polyphony, homophony). Kunokuba abe nani ozimeleyo kwaye ube yinxalenye inyathelo ethile cinematic okanye usinga. Uphawu nokwahluka compositional yendalo nganye ephunyelelweyo kufuphi iindlela ezichazayo ezifana isimo, isantya, imvisiswano, imitha, amandla, isingqisho, uncuthu lwengoma.

Le mbono "uhlobo musical" lisetyenziswa ukuchaza izinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke imvelaphi yabo kwaye nendlela kubulawa.

Kuye ezahlukeneyo iingoma (umdaniso ngeenxa zonke, isiko, umsebenzi, njalo njalo), Ehamba ngabantu yobomi namajoni waphefumlelwa ukuba uloyiso elide. Ngoko kwakukho ntlobo ezininzi kwezwi. A phawu uphawu le iingoma - kuphinda ukuphindaphindwa uncuthu lwengoma, umculo engundoqo.

Romance - uhlobo lomculo eziphuma emlonyeni, owayebonakele ngenkulungwane ye-19. Lo msebenzi ukuze oculayo kunye kuhambisane instrumental.

Ngokungafaniyo luthando, Ukuqamba eziculwayo zenzelwe ukuba enze iqela elikhulu ukuvuma iingoma kusitsho okanye capella (kuhambisane).

Cantata - ncam umthamo umculo, eyenzelwe ukuba enze imvumi - njengemvumi (okanye choir) kunye okhestra. Imisebenzi yalo uhlobo zaye zabhalwa ixesha elide emva kosuku endingasokuze kwaye wayenxibe uphawu elimisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona ombambazelayo, cantata kwebali.

Oratorio - umthamo omkhulu umculo kunye nokwakheka sedrama. Akujongwanga ukuba kwibakala lesi amanyathelo yaye yenzelwe ukuba enze ekungqungqeni, kukuhambi- kunye okhestra.

Opera - ukubhala zomculo kwaye sedrama, okuhlanganisa yokusebenza kumabala emidlalo kunye nomculo. Eyona iphambili kolu hlobo kukuba ulwimi oluthethwayo abadlali endaweni ngumculo.

genre instrumental imisebenzi kamva kwasekwa vocal. Kuyinto ixabiso eluncedo azalwa. umculo instrumental wayehamba kwimiju-, imingcelele, emikhosini yenkolo, iibhola mzi. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, amatsha, enzulu intsingiselo kunye nomxholo ntlobo.

Sonata - iqhekeza instrumental, apho ngokuqhelekileyo luqulathe izahlulo ezithathu nokuchasanisa e nesantya (ngokukhawuleza-kade-fast). Kwakuba mzuzwana, ngemisebenzi bukaBeethoven abavelayo kane imisebenzi yalo uhlobo.

Symphony - kuqamba umculo, bekujongiwe yi okhestra yesimfoni. Kanye Sonata, lo msebenzi ukuba uhlobo classical yenziwa ezintathu. Lubonakala yi umthamo omkhulu, nsimbi kunye nokufikelela umxholo ulwimi emnandi.

Concert - umculo; yenzelwe ukusebenza orchestra isixhobo wedwa. Amaninzi, imisebenzi olu hlobo nâzo elibujikele ifomu oluneenxalenye ezintathu, kodwa maxa wambi zifumaneka intshukumo enye kwaye Ikonsathi.

uhlobo lomculo

Le mbono lubonakala ngokuba umlinganiselo iinxalenye kwimveliso. Ngenxa yoko, ifomu part-ezimbini libunjwa inamacandelo amabini, ngokuqhelekileyo nokuchasanisa kwindalo. I-inxalenye ezintathu - yamathathu, owokuqala isahlulo sesithathu ayafana ngolwimi emnandi lwesenzi, nakumndilili - umahluko phakathi kwabo. Iinguqulelo eguqulwe ngokuphindaphinda lo ngumba esisiseko (imisonto).

Kukho ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo zomculo, ezifana Rondo (umxholo rhoqo kuphindwa ayitshintshanga), elibujikele (ibandakanya iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo umanyaniswe ingqiqo elinye) kunye mahala (efumaneka umculo namhlanje).