Uphi na Mordovia Reserve? Mordovia State reserve yendalo kubo. P. G. Smidovicha: imbali, inkcazelo, photo

Kweli nqaku, sifuna ukuba bangakuxelela ntoni na reserve Mordovian. Le ise kwisithili Temnikov Mordovia, xa kwindawo ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo kunye namahlathi coniferous, namahlathi, ngasechwebeni emlanjeni Moksha. Le ndawo iyonke ebekelwe bucala ngaphezulu kwabantu abangamashumi amathathu anesibini amawaka eehektare zomhlaba.

Ukusuka kwimbali reserve

Mordovia uzibekele kubo. P. G. Smidovicha yasekwa ngoMatshi 1936, yaye igama layo lanikwa imbeko umqeshwa karhulumente ngelo xesha, abayisebenzayo yolondolozo kweli lizwe.

Into ephambili yokuqala yaba kukudala yabantu sokubuyiselwa Reserve Ihlathi ochatshazelwa osikiweyo kunye malitshiswe ngomlilo. Ngowe-1938, ummandla imithi hlathi elahlekileyo malunga namawaka amabini eka imithi. Ngelo xesha lakalokunje, kukho ngumzabalazo ekulondolozweni yomhlaba endalo kummandla.

Mordovia uzibekele kubo. P. G. Smidovicha ezingqongileyo ziqulathe zesikhumbuzo ezininzi zembali. Umzekelo, apha unako ukufumana nokuhlaliswa kwabantu kunye yokupaka Neolithic. In the elinesixhenxe - iinkulungwane omabini, inxalenye womzantsi-mpuma amahlathi Murom besive woonongendi, abalungiseleli abazama ukulondoloza kunye nokwandisa izibonelelo ehlathini. Akha izisele ezizodwa ekufunxeni imigxobhozo. Iintsalela yomsebenzi wabo alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu.

Xa reserve kukho kubuka rhoqo zemeko lweentlobo zazenziwe enezityalo kumaqonga mali esisigxina.

Area zone ekhuselweyo

Mordovia State Reserve igama. P. G. Smidovicha kubekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene Moksha. Umda inxalenye esemntla kummandla okhuselweyo Wamgila wanelisekile, nto leyo isebe Moksha. Umda lasentshonalanga esicaciswe emlanjeni Black, Moksha kunye wanelisekile. Kwicala langasezantsi esondeleyo emathafeni, leyo delineates ngokwemvelo imida komhlaba ezikhuselweyo. Kubonakala ukuba amahlathi reserve zibandakanyiwe kwindawo kwamahlathi coniferous kwaye avuthulukayo phezu komda kunye ihlathi-emathafeni.

Yona ke imozulu, indawo ekhuselweyo engena ummandla Atlantic-yezwekazi. Ixesha iqabaka-free kunyaka ziintsuku-135. lobushushu ziingqele iqala ngoNovemba. lobushushu eliphezulu wafika apha degrees mane efudumeleyo, kwaye ubuncinane ebusika ku - degrees 48.

wamanzi

Inkqubo amanzi yomhlaba okhuselweyo imelwe yimilambo Big kunye Black Small, Pashto kunye Argoy. Kukho imilambo ayongena Moksha. Bonke bephela nabo babe nemingenela yawo. Noko ke, ezinye inxalenye lomlambo koma ehlotyeni. Summer kwezimvula nesiphumo esincinci amanzi emilanjeni. kwezimvula kuphela kukhokelela ekwandeni inqanaba lamanzi yemilambo. Uninzi reserve - indawo eqokelela amanzi emvula Pusta River. Ekumzantsi, kukho ichibi, yaye abaninzi kubo, malunga ezimbini elinesibini. Kukho enkulu yayimfutshane ngesithomo.

Flora reserve

Reserve Mordvinian egcwele ngokupheleleyo ehlathini. Ingxenye yabo - pine. Kodwa ke kwimimandla yasempumalanga nasentshonalanga le ezinde amaphecana alawulwa thombo kumbindi - mbumbulu. Xa wezandyondyo lomlambo oki bekhula Moksha, oneminyaka ikhulu elinamanci mane - iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mahlanu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho zinde ngakumbi yamandulo, ogama yobudala ufikelela iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

flora Le reserve xa imelwe ziintlobo 788 kwezityalo ezinemigca kunye neentlobo 73 moss. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo izityalo - subtaiga (ukukhanya coniferous) amahlathi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngqo eyethisa-oki kunye nompleyini-Linden amahlathi kuloo ngingqi. Lomhlaba ukufuma ubonelela iintlobo ngeentlobo zamahlathi. Apha ungabona amahlathi ulele nompleyini owomileyo, kwaye ekrwada nespruce, alder nemipopulari.

Ndimele ndithi Mordovia Reserve (ifoto enikwe kweli nqaku) igcinwe nommandla wayo omninzi yamahlathi karhulumente yazo yendalo. amahlathi pine kulawula. imida ecacileyo phakathi iintlobo amahlathi apho.

Flora zone ekhuselweyo

Ngowe-1930, Mordovia reserve egameni Smidovich benza ukuphunyezwa iintlobo ezintsha amazwe kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo. muskrat Ngoko ke chibi akhululwa, ixhama, nezirhwexu, sihlangulwe kummandla Maritime, leyo Wendelisa iingcambu kungekuphela nje kule mimandla, kodwa sele ziyinto eqhelekileyo kummandla, kunye nabameli ezininzi ezininzi ungulates. Of kummandla Voronezh kunye Kherson (Askania Nova) kwaziswa apha amaxhama. Ngowe-1940 wavelisa nexhama. Kamva bezisa inyathi kunye inyathi, neenkomo ezingwevu Ukrainian. Nokuba udale zubropark ezizodwa, apho yayikhona kuze 1979. Ngelishwa, umsebenzi ngakumbi wamiswa, zubropark wabatshabalalisa, kunye nezilwanyana ngokwazo kuthunyelwa a yokuhlala simahla.

Ukubuyiselwa labantu beaver

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, Mordovia State Reserve ogama Smidovich wambuyisela akutshabalalise phantse ngokupheleleyo ngenani beaver. Lo msebenzi Waqala banesifo emva kwexesha. Ngoku Moksha River Basin beaver zininzi kakhulu.

abantu abasibhozo bathunyelwa ukuba nokuhlaliswa ngakumbi kwiingingqi Mordovia, Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda kunye Tomsk.

Beaver - izilwanyana umdla kakhulu. Ngokuba ukudla nangenxa wokwakha, ndiyayigawula imithi. Uwaqobe amasetyana, kwaye kwangoko yahlula Umphanda ibe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ukuba bayakwazi ukuba awise omnye Aspen kangangemizuzu emihlanu. A iisentimitha mane umthi ubukhulu baqhawula kancinci ebusuku. Kusasa emva kokuba umsebenzi wabo esebenzayo kuhlala isiphunzi kodwa imfumba esisesweni kuphela. Beaver niyagrenyana, emi phezu imilenze yakhe yexhama, nabanye kunye nomsila. imihlathi kwabo ngathi isarha. Self-ulola kwamazinyo izilwanyana, ngoko ke uhlale elibukhali.

Branches ukusuka beaver mthi uwileyo ngokuyinxenye ityiwe loo ndawo, yaye abanye wahamba phezu komlambo lokufaka yakho okanye kwindawo apho baya kwakha edamini entsha. Ngamanye amaxesha izilwanyana baze abo dig imijelo ukuba bakhonze ukuthutha ukutya. Ubude irubhrikhi enjalo ukufikelela ikhulu ambalwa leemitha, ububanzi obukhulu iisentimitha amahlanu. Ubunzulu kulo mzekelo ifikelela yimitha enye.

Beaver abahlala imingxuma, okanye-ebizwa ngokuba uphalaze. Yokungena endlwini yabo usoloko phantsi kwamanzi. Nora izilwanyana bembe ezibhankini. Basimisela inkqubo mibono esimbaxa ukuba zokungena ezine okanye ezintlanu. Iindonga kunye nemigangatho beaver aphathwe ngokuqaphela okukhulu. yokuhlala Ngokubanzi ngokwayo zisendaweni ubunzulu wemitha enye, uba ububanzi kwimitha enye ukuphakama mahlanu cm. Izilwanyana bacinge izindlu ukuze ukuphakama Umgangatho endlwini ngeesentimitha amabini ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ukuba ngequbuliso inqanaba amanzi omlambo liphuma, beaver nangoko kuphakamisa emgangathweni, ukukrwela izinto zokwakha ukusuka eluphahleni.

Ofaka izilwanyana ukwakha kwezo ndawo apho awukwazi umbe umngxuma. Le nxweme ophantsi Amathafa okanye shallows. Iindonga zendlu wayityabeka intlenga okanye udongwe, kuba womelele kwaye bengakwazi ukufikelela kulo naluphi na utshaba. Air ongena endlini ngenxa eluphahleni. Ngaphakathi kukho ezininzi i kuvunyelwane. Xa kuqala izilwanyana kubanda zigqunyiwe ikhaya lakho lonke ubusika kwaye igcina lobushushu zero. Lazy emanzini zange ngumkhenkce, ngoko beaver ungaphindela phantsi sikumkhenkce echibini. Ngexesha kuneqabaka kakhulu phezu njengephempe ungabona umphunga. Ithi indlu elimiweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha zokusonjululwa isilwanyana ngexesha elinye ilungu imingxuma namagumbi. Ucinga ntoni, kutheni beaver ukwakha amadama? Yinto elula kakhulu. Ba, nangona zinkulu, kodwa nezikrekrethi. Zinelungelo eninzi iintshaba: ibhere, ingcuka, wolverine, lynx. Ukuze iintshaba abayifumani kubo, kufuneka ukuliphuphumalisa emnyango. Beaver akukho mqobo, kunye amarhamncwa phambi kokuba ayiyi kufika. Nangona kunjalo, lonke ixesha, ubomi emanzini, ezi zilwanyana abakwazi.

Lynx e Mordovia reserve

Ebekelwe bucala lynx isilwanyana okhuselweyo bobabo. Kungokunje Kucingelwa ukwanda kwinani lesi silwanyana. Ngokutsho abasebenzi, oku kungenxa yokuba kulo nyaka kukho ukwanda nomvundla zabo ezisisiseko korma-.

Ukongeza, abaphandi ingxelo ukwanda kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezifana nomatse, nezirhwexu amaxhama. Ndimele bathi kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye landa inani oonomatse, amaxhama, iimpungutye, martens. Zonke ezi data zifunyenwe ngokubhalisa indlela, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukulandelela utshintsho kwinani labantu abathile.

Ngokubanzi kukuqhuqha - nto intle kakhulu futhi aqine isilwanyana oko luphawu reserve. Mordovia reserve zendalo okokuqala wafumana lynx ngoMatshi 1941 Emva ubomi bakhe. Kwandula ke ngowe-1942, abazingeli babulala nje ezintathu abantu (ukuba yinkazana kunye lynx mabini), yaye kamva - nkqu nhloko. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko akukho mkhondo isilwanyana ayisekho ku isithuba seminyaka emithandathu.

Kwaba kuphela ngo-1949, Mordovia Reserve abandakanyeke recolonization kukuqhuqha.

Esi silwanyana luphawulwa nokuma ashinyeneyo womelele, uye imilenze ephuhliswe kakhulu. uboya Animal nice nepeni. Zinuka lynx ayenziwanga kakhulu ziyaphuhliswa, kodwa ukuva kunye nombono - enkulu. Njengazo zonke iikati, babukhulu ukukhwela emithini, sisukile nangokuthe cwaka, aze enze uvale elikhulu utsalo xa kuyimfuneko. Ngokubanzi lynx utya imivundla ezinye iintaka (icula kunye icula). Noko ke, maxa wambi bakwazi ukuhlasela ixhoba enkulu kakhulu kunokuba ngokwawo, ukuba babone ukuba uthe wamgagamela. Ngenxa izigameko zokuhlaselwa amaxhama, amaxhama. Lynx i umzingeli zasebusuku.

Rumor yokuba iikati zinamandla kakhulu kwaye anamagazi; kodwa uthethe ukuhlaselwa abantu ecotha kakhulu. Ukuba isilwanyana angamchukumisi, ngoko ke ngokwayo ungaze ube ngowokuqala ukuhlasela. Lynx, phezu koko, ezama ukuba kuthintelwe kwicala yabantu.

Ngelishwa, le ngaphambili wabona ukuncitshiswa kwenani kweentlobo iikati zasendle. Kodwa ngoku ubukhulu labemi liye landa kakhulu.

Imisebenzi eyabelwe agcinele

Mordovia State Reserve ogama P. G. Smidovicha yenza imisebenzi ekulondolozweni kubume bendalo izakhiwo zendalo (Biotech, umlilo kunye nezinye iziganeko), amanyathelo ngokhuseleko kunye nolondolozo kwamahlathi, amanyathelo zokucima umlilo, ebaxhobisela imiqondiso imimandla kunye neebhodi ulwazi.

Nangabasebenzi msebenzi engumbeko kukuchonga ukuthintela naziphi na ukunyhashwa kummandla okhuselweyo. Mordovia Reserve uqhuba ulwazi lokusingqongileyo kubandakanywa nabafundi.

Ukongeza, athwala umsebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nophando. iiholide Administration ngokucwangcisa ulwazi nokhenketho olujongene nokusingqongileyo. Oku ikakhulu ukudalwa ezizodwa ezityhutyhayo zendalo kunye iindawo zabahambi lokuzonwabisa.

Mordovia Reserve kunye nokhenketho olujongene nokusingqongileyo

Injongo yale reserve yi ulondolozo kunye nokwandiswa kwezibonelelo zendalo, kunokuba bazifihla kubo emehlweni izihlwitha zosixhenxe. Ngoko Reserve Mordovia ke sixakekile kuphuhliso lokhenketho eziphilayo. Oku ikakhulu uhambo ehlabathini le elitsha nangaziwayo. Ezi ekuhambeni zilungelelaniswe emahlathini yamandulo imisebenzi yokuqonda kunye nezemfundo yabantu.

Njengenxalenye ukhenketho kwi reserve kudala kwasekwa ezindleleni eziphilayo, izibonelelo ezizodwa zolonwabo, amaziko undwendwe kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi umdla. Noko ke, ummandla ebekelwe bucala ivaliwe, utyelelo lwakhe akuvumelekanga. Kodwa ukhenketho ekhokelwa zinokwenzeka, kodwa ngamalungiselelo angaphambili kunye nolawulo.

Ukususela ngo-2013 elisisigxina abe umqhubi kwabakhenkethi A Russian Federation. iindwendwe zalo inikeza ezisibhozo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukhenketho ukuze zilungele bonke Ukuthanda:

1. "Ukutyelela reserve" - inkqubo yosuku olunye ngotyelelo efama engundoqo kunye neziganeko spiral.

2. "ekhuselweyo Mordovia" - zityelele ngosuku olunye-ngotyelelo ukuya ezinika eziphambili kulo myezo.

3. uhambo ukuze ndawo Inorsky. Usuku-asixhenxe uhambo kunye utyelelo yoonongendi, amatshatshazi ezintle, kwakunye nokubamba iiseshoni ezifundisayo kunye neenkqubo.

4. uhambo ukuze ndawo Pavlovsky. Ezintlanu iintsuku iindwendwe bahlala kwizindlu yamaplanga, yiya kuhambo, ehambela yoonongendi kunye Manor ekhaya.

5. "Indlela zokuziphilisa ehlathini." Le amaholo yenzelwe iintsuku ezintlanu yokulala nokutya kwiimeko entsimini. Abaqeqeshi uya kunifundisa iziseko zokuziphilisa zasendle, kwaye ulindele ukuba ukubamba iiklasi.

6. "izilwanyana zethu". A uhambo umdla ehlabathini zasendle. iya kusebenza njengentshayelelo sikhokelo ukuba ubomi iintaka kunye nezilwanyana. Kwakhona kwi abakhenkethi ebusika nga Ndikhwele yokuhamba.

7. Tour Family. Olu khenketho yenzelwe-veki. Ngeentsuku ezimbini uya kuphela ukutyelela iindawo zolonwabo, kodwa iqela nezigodlo.

8. Tour "National Cuisine". Awunako kuphela babe wobuhle belizwe ekhuselweyo, kodwa ukungcamla izitya kwase yesizwe.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Mordovia reserve yendalo kubo. kwiivenkile Smidovich kwaye ikhusela ubutyebi bendalo. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba batyelele kwaye ubuhle bendawo, ungakhetha ngokupheleleyo ngokwabo enye yohambo ezisibhozo ezifundiswa ngalo mzuzu. Bonke ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kwaye wonke ngokwabo Ungafumana ukhetho ofanelekileyo. Sikunqwenelela ukuphumla elungileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ubuhle bendawo.