Uqwalaselo leenyosi nxamnye amangolwane oxalic acid

Izifo iinyosi kungabangela host apiary ngokwenene umonakalo omkhulu. usapho Wosuleleke yiNtsholongwane buthathaka kakhulu ukunciphisa yokusebenza, yaye maxa wambi bade bafe. Nawuphi semizi ngokwesiseko integrally iyunithi enye eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, esi sifo wambetha sinambuzane ubuncinane omnye ithathwa nangoko empilweni yonke intsapho yakhe. Kakade ke, ukuba alwe licham kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko emva ozibonayo yayo.

Ziziphi izifo kusisiza

обработка пчел щавелевой кислотой . rhoqo kakhulu unyango leenyosi apiaries ezenziwe oxalic acid. тоит это средство недорого, а эффект от его использования может быть значительным. Ngesi sixhobo Toit kangako, kunye nefuthe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuba ebonakalayo. Esebenzayo oxalic acid ukuba unyango lwezifo bee nokutsha komphathi. Amaninzi kusetyenziswa Varroa. Varroa destructor. Yokugqibela nemalanana inenkohliso kakhulu Varroa destructor.

Enye iimpawu sisidleleli Varroa kukuba yena, njengommeli uhlobo olunye arthropods njengoko bee ukopishe ontogeny yayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuphelisa ezi ntwala ngaphandle iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga cishe kungenakwenzeka. Ukunenzela bees oxalic acid - enye indlela kakhulu ekhuselekileyo nokuthantamisa. Yile kwi ezininzi kwaye oku kuchaza ukuthandwa kwemali zexabiso eliphantsi.

Yintoni

Ukuba kuliwe Varroa isetyenziswe ikakhulu yiakharisayidi. zindlela lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili - enzima nokukhanya (organic acid). Iqela lokuqala neziyobisi iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo - fluvalinate kunye amitraz. asidi organic - oxalic acid kunye formic acid - ingqalelo amanqaku ephisa ngawo, hayi kuphela iintsapho, kodwa kwakhona kubathengi yobusi. Emva kokuba zonke ezi ndlela enyanisweni yendalo, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa yabo ayiyi ukunciphisa imveliso bee eziphilayo.

Oxalic acid i ziikristale ezingenambala of carbolic acid dibasic (phenol). iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ziquka ukukwazi ukunyibilikisa ngokukhawuleza emanzini kwaye kakuhle - xa kaEtere okanye utywala. Kuba unyango ezindlwini zazo zinokusetyenziswa kuphela asidi ehambelana neemfuno ze GOST 22180-76. Igcina kuthetha lixhomekeke kwisingxobo evaliweyo. Unakho ukusebenzisa yona iminyaka emi-3 ukususela kumhla wokukhutshwa.

Izinto eziluncedo oluzuzwa

Ukongeza ukusebenza isalamane zokusingqongileyo, bulilungelo yokusebenzisa oxalic acid ziquka:

• Isantya processing eliphezulu;

• nzima kakhulu amancinci;

• inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

— процедура несложная прежде всего потому, что при использовании этого средства со вершенно необязательно разбирать улей. iinyosi yokwenza oxalic acid - inkqubo elula ngokuyintloko kuba xa usebenzisa esi sixhobo ne elihle ngokuyimfuneko ukuncothula zinto zizise endlwini yazo. Ayawa ntwala kuqala sele kwiintsuku 10-12. Ukusebenza oxalic acid ngokuxhomekeke ubuchule isicelo yi 80-93%.

Iindlela zonyango

использования такого средства, как щавелевая кислота, для обработки пчел . Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa arhente ezifana oxalic acid, iinyosi ukuze iqwalaselwe. обработка паром . Iindlela eziphambili ziquka ukutshiza ukupheka. Indlela yokuqala njenge khusalekileyo ngakumbi. unyango umphunga kodwa iziphumo ezingcono zonyango (malunga ne-13%).

Indlela yokwenza isisombululo

Kuba unyango leenyosi ngokuthi zokutshiza oxalic acid bungxengwe ngamanzi. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka ukufumana isisombululo nto-2%. Xa Elungiselela yayo kuthathela ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• amanzi kufuneka zibe ngokwaneleyo;

• isisombululo okubangelwa kufuneka bahlale iinyosi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Uvavanyo amanzi ntumbuluko kulula. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba ongeze ngumgubo kancinane. Ukuba emva kwexesha elithile itanki iwela intlenga kuthetha amanzi nokuhlawulwa endlwini yazo akayi kuyenza. Into yokuba zonke iintlobo ubumdaka unga nciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza yesisombululo yokugqibela, nkqu kakubi iinyosi. Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela ibhetele ezindlwini zazo usebenzisa isisombululo acid oxalic okanye amanzi Yek yi zesiselo. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ithathe eluhlaza. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amanzi kufuneka ifudumale. Ukuvunyelwa ukutshiza lobushushu isisombululo kuyasetyenzwa izidanga kwi-30.

была как можно более успешной, следует дополнительно использовать сахар. Ukuba iinyosi yokwenza kwaba ezinjengeswekile Kufuneka kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo ngakumbi nemalanana oxalic acid. Idityaniswa isicombululo hi mpimo lowutsongo. Xa usebenzisa oko, ichiza nibambe ngcono kakhulu kwi iinyosi. кислоты делают, растворяя 20 грамм порошка в одном литре воды. A-2% isisombululo yenziwa acid ngokuthi ezinyibilikayo 20 iigrem ngumgubo nelitha enye yamanzi. получившееся средство следует как можно быстрее. Sebenzisa iimali ezifunyenweyo kufuneka ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva emva ekulungiseleleni nesisombululo oxalic acid uba azalufanelekela processing.

izigcawu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, akukho ngokulungisa indlu esimbaxa xa esenza umsebenzi ezifana iinyosi yokwenza nesisombululo oxalic acid aniswele bangenzi. Amalungiselelo kulo mzekelo ziya kuquka kuphela ukushenxiswa honeycombs ukusuka ubusi kunye umungu. Le nkqubo iza kukhokelela kukuba kwindawo leenyosi indlu iya kuba uxinano ngakumbi. Yaye ngenxa yoko, iyeza iya kusebenza ngcono nangokukhawuleza. Phambi processing of yeenyosi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukususa isibeleko.

Indlela ukutshiza

Uqwalaselo leenyosi yabanjwa oxalic acid ukuba usebenzisa zombini isitshizi ngoomatshini, kunye nezixhobo zombane efutha. I ezincinane obhulowu, kokukhona lisebenza ngokusulungekileyo uya wokutshiza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, okusingatha iinyosi kusetyenziswa iinyosi acid oxalic "Rosynka" isixhobo. Ukutshiza kuvumeleke kuphela ukuba iqondo lobushushu lomoya kwi indawo ye ezindlwini zazo ulingana izidanga kwi-16. Imozulu ezitalatweni kufuneka owomileyo.

Yokuselelwa isicombululo ngokuvumelana imithetho ml 10-12 isakhelo ngasinye. Fefa ichiza kufuneka wenziwe ukusuka kumgama 30-40 cm kwi-engile degrees 45. Ukuba izakhelo esifunwayo kwi indlu asikwazi ukutsala ngaphandle. Kulo mzekelo, ukutshiza nje iindlela (10-12 ml). Kakade ke, ekusetyenzweni kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba isisombululo bayifumana kwi iinyosi. Zama ukutshiza zonke izinambuzane, Kakade ke, akukho mfuneko. Iinyosi njengezinambuzane phezu indlu, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, asisule nganye enye. Nge isisombululo esifanelekileyo flow ngaxa lithile emva phambili kuyo nayiphi imeko aya kuba khona isinambuzane ngalinye.

Emva ospeyita ngalo, isakhelo kufuneka yokugubungela phezulu kunye izisongeli zeplastiki. Kuyimfuneko ukudala phakathi nemalanana etshabalalisayo bume kuyasetyenzwa entsimbini.

Phatha usapho kunye nesisombululo oxalic acid kunokuba xa amantshontsho akukho elide. Effective wokutshiza kuphela xa kukho uphawu kwi leenyosi abadala kuphela.

Yintoni Ekufuneka Uzazi

Oxalic acid ekunyangeni iinyosi ungakwazi kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu hayi phezulu kakhulu. Akufunekanga ukuba isetyenziswe xa uspeyita isisombululo ashushu kakhulu. Ukuba ezi zinto zombini azenzeki, oxalic acid akanakungena emzimbeni ngokwabo ziinyosi angawonakalisa, kubonakala kwiinkqubo metabolic.

periodicity

Uqwalaselo leenyosi entwasahlobo ka oxalic acid oluvelayo ngoko nangoko emva ubunzima flyby. Ukuba intsapho wachukumiseka gqitha, ukutshiza yesibini lwenziwa emva malunga 12 kweentsuku. Summer bathela aphathwe kabini kubekho isithuba seentsuku 12 nayo (phambi kokunikeza izinambuzane iswekile isiraphu). Sebenzisa uju indlu itshizwe kwi ukutya kuba ngokukhuselekileyo, qho eqhelekileyo.

unyango esisinyanzelo wenziwa ekwindla leenyosi oxalic acid. Ngeli xesha, ukusetyenziswa carbolic acid dibasic kunokuba isebenze ngaphezu entlakohlaza. Xa ekwindla leenyosi endlwini yazo ngaphantsi. uninzi abathwali Ngoko ke izinambuzane amangolwane. Ukuba zilwanyana bahlale endlwini yazo, oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amandla entsapho. Ngenxa yoko leenyosi olubi achitha ubusika.

Izinto eziluncedo sublimation processing

Xa itshiswa dibasic carbolic ibolile ibe amacandelo amabini: iperi formic acid kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Kwenzeka, le nkqubo iqala kubushushu degrees 180. Ngoko ke, lo processing leenyosi izibini oxalic acid ingakufuni naziphi na izixhobo zokufudumeza ezizodwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi kwanele kwaye nesikopi igesi oluqhelekileyo. Formic acid eyenzeke le oxalate sivete njengoko umphunga simbi kakhulu. Yokugqibela nemalanana usebenza iyingozi kakhulu. Njengokuba kubhaliwe kufakwa hot indlu, ngomhla amaphelo ngaxeshanye isebenza okubulala bekuya kuba enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, kunye nokusebenza nokusetyenzwa inyuswe.

Ukuze ufumane unyango esemgangathweni leenyosi sublimation kufuneka nje 2 grams carbolic acid dibasic. Ezicocekileyo formic acid ulwelo ngenjongo ayeza kufuneka sibe amaxesha 12-25 enkulu (ukuya kwi-50 g).

unyango umphunga losapho: imfundo

Uqwalaselo umsi leenyosi eziveliswe oxalic acid usebenzisa zwi ezizodwa ityhubhu 500 mm ubude kunye 20-25 mm ubukhulu. Esi sixhobo pre-komelezwa tye kwi kuyasetyenzwa taphole. Okulandelayo, yinto ekhethekileyo ebuxande isikhephe lifakwa efowunini. ububanzi bayo umenzi-15 mm, ukuphakama - 10 mm, ubude - 35 mm. Pre-ezaliswe ziikristale iphenyane of oxalic acid (2 g).

Kwisigaba esilandelayo ityhubhu macala omabini wayifulela iminqwazi yerabha shape etsobhileyo. Cap ugwebu kunye iplagi imingxunyana, mabalenzele kakhulu ashinyeneyo. Ngasinye plug ngaphambili ifakwe ityhubhu yentsimbi ndibeke kuwo kunye aphephe ngerabha. Ngokupheleleyo isixhobo ibandla liqalisa uyafudumala blowtorch umlilo. Enye ithumbu pre eqhagamshelwe kwi impompo, kwaye eyesibini ibhalwa iinotshi. Kunyibilika iqala acid oxalic ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Umphunga eqalisiweyo impompo ukumpompa zinto zizise endlwini yazo.

Channel ne tube

Linokusetyenziswa kwisixhobo eyahlukileyo kancinane xa ezinqwenelekayo unyango umphunga we kuyasetyenzwa nemalanana. Ucel ubude ityhubhu-30 cm kunye ububanzi of 6 mm. Kwelinye icala elinye kukho kukho umsantsa. Xa ukuzilungisa yokugqibela kuphalala oxalic asidi isixa grams-2. Le yinxalenye ityhubhu lifakwa iinotshi. Impompo kule meko lisusiwe. Ithumbu azinamsonto intonga ngamandla shushu blowtorch (phambi ukunxibelelana oxalic acid). Ukuproseswa semizi usebenzisa isixhobo wavelisa phantse ngephanyazo.

Ukongeza ityhubhu, ngokuba unyango a ngababini acid ntsapho ingasetyenziswa yaye kukho umsantsa okhethekileyo isongwe incence. Kwenye Ekupheleni kakuhle elizaliswe oxalic acid. Kunye emseleni kule meko ihamba ipleyiti yesinyithi ashushu kakhulu.

Kwaye ityhubhu kunye groove - isixhobo elula, kodwa ifuna unonophelo iyasetyenziswa. Ngena nabo yetreyi kufuneka ube ngononophelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze baphephe crystals bechitha. Eneneni, bona ngababini usebenzisa indlela loo yokuyifumana kubenge- isasazwe kungekhona endlwini yazo. ukuba bagxila becala kwi inxalenye esezantsi lomzimba. Konke oku lula kunciphisa ukusebenza unyango.

Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba ityhubhu okanye kugutyulelwe iinyosi sebenzisa njenge iselwa evaporator. Oku lanqunyanyiswa kuma metal kwindawo oxwesileyo kunye umcephe negesi shushu.

ixhwele

Iindlela zokulungisa iinyosi oxalic acid usebenzisa evaporators elula kakhulu lula nesebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo isixhobo kakuhle zonke asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintsapho iinyosi bakholelwa ixhwele. Kule apparatus, pre-shushu kwamalahle avuthayo. Ngokubhekele phaya ngaphakathi otshayayo abeke itoti yesinyithi. Umgama phakathi iindonga izikhongozeli kufuneka 1.5-2 cm. Umphanda wawagalela iigram ezimbini oxalic acid. ngoko ixhwele yavalwa kwaye Senga yayo yaziswa yetreyi kuyasetyenzwa asezantsi.

Uqwalaselo leenyosi oxalic acid umsi-umpu nge sokukhuphela inkcukacha

Esi sixhobo kwakhona rhoqo kusetyenziswa apiaries. Kuyinto ixhwele into enye, kodwa ngaphezulu ngqo. Uyilo umpu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iquka ityhubhu okhethekileyo, eyenze kwenye sites. Ngexesha msebenzi, kukho nesikopi igesi amalahle (luza).

Ukunenzela ziinyosi umsi-gun oxalic acid yenza kube lula ukuba balahle yenze ngempumelelo. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise ifowuni ukuba ufuna ukuphatha iintsapho kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi, kuquka chemical.

ngesirinji Medical

Uqwalaselo leenyosi oxalic acid umsi-gun spring, ehlotyeni, ekwindla, okanye zingasebenza kakhulu. Noko ke, ezinye iinyosi basebenzisa indlela elula yeentsapho zonyango ngababini. Kulo mzekelo, isirinji zonyango eqhelekileyo. Pre-ezenziwe isisombululo (20 g ngalinye 100 g yamanzi ashushu) ukusuka acid. 10 ml i-arhente umntu isirinji idlule ngokusebenzisa shushu kwi Primus ingot yobhedu. Kule yokugqibela pre-soldered zonyango inaliti cannula ngaphandle. Kwelinye izikhewu icala aqhoboshele umbhobho irabha. Ukumpompa pair semizi xa usebenzisa esi sixhobo kufuneka sibe kakhulu kakuhle.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Oxalic acid e xi phezulu kuchaphazela kakubi esikhumbeni. ziinyosi Ukuphathwa engafanelekanga umsi-gun spring okanye ehlotyeni, yaye ngokufuthi kungakhokelela ekubeni izibini ityhefu. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwabanye vaporizers. Ngoko ke, xa ukuzilungisa kuyasetyenzwa amangolwane, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka bangayeku amanyathelo okhuseleko. Kulo mzekelo, iimfuno zezi:

• processing kuyimfuneko zizise endlwini yazo kwi ifaskoti rubberized kunye iiglavu ezandleni zakhe;

• emehlweni akhe kufuneka iiglasi, neenyawo zakhe - iibhutsi zerabha;

• usebenzisa umphunga efunekayo baphefumla;

• kukhuseleko komsebenzi eziyimfuneko ukususa ekupheleni, yaye izandla nobuso ngesepha pula ngamanzi.

Ukugcina ngokwayo carbolic acid dibasic kufuneka ibe kude emanzini. Kungenjalo, oko ibizela kwamanzi kwaye siqalise ngamatye. Ukutshaya kunye nokuqwalaselwa endlwini yazo, kakade, akuvumelekanga.