Uyilo ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nogutyulo lwelindle. imithetho design

Bambalwa abaphikisa Siphila yabucala okanye indlu ilizwe. Ubuninzi bendawo yaye babezimisele gqitha ukufumana phandle kwindawo enempepho ukuba kude ingxolo a megacity kunye nabamelwane importunate emva kodonga. Yaye abanini izindlu zabucala nazo banethuba ukonwabela indalo ezintle kusasa, kwaye yonke imihla. Kodwa kuhle ngezantsi yokuhlala eziphakamileyo?

Phakathi ukushiyeka waphawula enye into - yokusilela kwenkqubo esembindini ukudibanisa ku eziluncedo. Apha kuyimfuneko ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho, kuqalwa kuyilo unikezelo lwamanzi zasekuhlaleni kunye lwemijelo phantsi.

Oko umele ukwazi ngaphambi kokuba ukusebenza

ilungiselelo network ibandakanya lunee ezimbini abulawe:

• ku novoystroyke;
• yakhiwe, indlu sele zisebenza.

A wesiphaluka wokuqala lula ukuphumeza. Uyilo yoNikezelo Water and Sanitation kubanjwa ngexesha lamalungiselelo yendlu kumzobo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela indawo amanqaku delivery, ukuba iqalise indawo mingxuma lobugcisa ezindongeni kunye nesiseko.

Ixhobisa amanzi sele owayehlala isakhiwo, ekufezekiseni izicwangciso bakhe kungenzeka ukuba sizame nangakumbi. Kodwa ke umsebenzi kunokwenzeka yaye kwimeko enjalo.

Amanyathelo ngokudala inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi zasekuhlaleni kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo

Le nkqubo inezi lamanqaku eziliqela isicwangciso ukuba wenziwe, ukuthobela umyalelo kuqalwe:

• qala ngokukhetha feed point wamanzi: amanzi engundoqo (ukuba oko kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa kuyo), i yakhiwe kakuhle okanye isitsali eweva kwisayithi;
• koko kuthethwa ngezibonelelo unyango. Kaninzi iba kwitanki yokubolisa okanye isikhululo biochistki ngokunzulu.

Zombini ezi izinketho ngani.

Ukuba kukho station biochistyaschey ukufikelela isibonisi iphezulu zokuhlanjululwa amanzi okusela. Nalencoko swi nga kombisa ku umsindo kwaye ayikhuphi amavumba angazithandiyo kokusingqongileyo. Ifanelekile obandayo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, kwaye nkqu itafile eliphezulu lamanzi akayi kuthintela lungiselelo.

Phakathi iintsilelo waphawula hexa. Operation node ufuna unikezelo rhoqo lombane. Ukongeza, kukho okuninzi loo isikhululo. Itanki yokubolisa uya kuba atshiphu, kodwa ukwakhiwa zesityalo unyango kufuna ilungiselelo olongezelelweyo amasimi ukuhluza, kwaye afanelekile yomhlaba kwi elichazwe kwinqanaba komhlaba, ukuxinana, etyuwa.

Ethatha inxaxheba ekuyilweni yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nococeko kweli lizwe, into esendlwini; ezingenzelwanga ukuba unyaka-ngeenxa zonke, uyakwazi ukukhetha ekonomvariantov: Uhlelo drive umthamo okanye ukuhlela cesspool.

• Ukukhetha iingongoma ezingundoqo, dlulela kuphuhliso kweprojekthi ngokwayo.
• Ukudala umzobo, siqonde ukwakhiwa iqula okanye kusombiwa.
• Kokuba kusetyenzwe inyathelo yangaphambili, faka i impompo eya kubonelela unikezelo lwamanzi endlwini kwaye usebenzise iprojekthi unikezelo lwamanzi, qala ukwakha umbhobho.
• Beka amacebo okucoca, zokucoca amanzi.
• Yenza ufakelo inkqubo yogutyulo.
• Inyathelo lokugqibela kwaye evelele ukufakela imibhobho kunye nokutsalwa nenkqubo - ngokubaleka ukuqotywa nkqubo nasekuphumezeni wamyala.

Izibalo ezinxulumene ilungiselelo yonikezelo lwamanzi

Uyilo ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nogutyulo lwelindle ifuna izibalo ezizodwa. Ukususela ukuchaneka yabo iya kuxhomekeka ukusebenza kakuhle nganye amasebe nkqubo.

Uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nexabiso layo

Ngoko ke, ukukhetha izixhobo sonikezelo lwamanzi, kule meko impompo, ahlawule ingqalelo iimpawu zalo zobugcisa - uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngamashishini pump. Ukuze unikezelo lwamanzi lwaqhutywa ngaphandle kwelahleko xi kwaye ngokufanayo aqukuqela ukuya ingongoma nganye utsalo-off, ukubala izinga ilahleko xi kwinkqubo xa ukunyuka kwamanzi yombhobho ukuya ukuphakama yesibini, emgangathweni lesithathu okanye ngaphezulu. Kule meko, qiniseka ukuba ithathele ingqalelo ukhetho kwamanzi abasebenzisi ezikufutshane ngendlela yokuhamba yayo.

Ukufakelwa inkqubo yogutyulo lwangaphakathi ayifuni izibalo ezinjalo.

ilungiselelo system namatheko

Imithetho esisiseko loyilo kweenkqubo amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo ziquka:

1. Ukususela isitya ukuya phayiphu ngokubekwa sangqa kulindeleke 110 mm.
2. Onke amanqaku oseleyo ilindle scheme sokumpompa amanzi kwisakhiwo ukupheyiva umbhobho-50 mm.
3. Umjelo edlulisa output phezu uphahla umoya.
4. Xa eyila umgca, musa ukulibala ukuba ubusela kufuneka silandele inqanaba ngokupheleleyo iityhubhu calanye kunye iiengile ujikelezo. nemigangatho kwemfuneko okanye icala inqanaba zaneleyo okungathetha ukuyilwa imiqobo kumbhobho.
5. Qinisekisa ukuba omane amathuba nokuthantamisa, ukuba ingagqithi degrees 90.

Okubalulekileyo! Ukuba kuvela ukuba ngexesha engile pipe-ngokubekwa yi eweni kakhulu, ngoko endaweni ngobhobhozo ngqo entabeni 45 yi degrees ezimbini.

Features ufakelo kwimisele zokuphambukisa kunye nezixokelelwano zamanzi

Draft kunye charted, ukuchola nezinto eziyimfuneko ukwakha, dlulela kwilungiselelo kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo. Kukho imithetho ezintlanu ezisisiseko zokwakha lonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nogutyulo lwelindle. Design kunye nofakelo - ngokwezigaba design engenakususwa. Ukususela ukusebenza olwazi lokufunda kuqala kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yonke. Imithetho esisiseko kusebenza:

1. Caphula le angle kangangoko utyekelo kwindawo kwemibhobho.
2. Qala ukusebenza kwi indawo esisigxina. Ngokomzekelo, xa besebenza kunye engaphandle ukuqala umsebenzi yobisi ukusuka kwindawo yokungena Itanki yokubolisa - esibi kunazo kwezococeko.
3. Iimpawu ipipi amalungu. Ukusebenza iimveliso zeplastiki, musa aboniswe ntshikilelo ngokugqithiseleyo, uxinezeleko ngomatshini, okanye kuvela microcracks, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kubandakanya evuzayo ezisendleleni.
4. Ehlahla inethiwekhi yangaphakathi, musa ukulibala malunga imibhobho entengo eyongezelelweyo neendonga okanye ezinye izakhiwo eludongeni. Ukubeka lwenziwa ngendlela yamasango ezizodwa. Bakwenza oko ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuba unokukhawuleza.
5. Xa uqhagamshela imibhobho yeplastiki ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo badla kuvela ubunzima. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka, emkhonweni ngokulitywina Kucetyiswa ukuba nokuthambisa isixhobo abicah engamanzi.

Okubalulekileyo! Xa usebenzisa abicah grease (sealant) endaweni ye grout bakha itywina eyongezelelweyo, enika inkqubo a yobunzima enkulu. Kodwa ukuba le nkqubo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuncothula ngasemva, ngoko kunyangwa sealants umbhobho kuya kuba nzima ukwahlukanisa.

Yakha unikezelo lwamanzi: imigaqo esisiseko

Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ukusebenza nokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi ebomini, qiniseka ukuba ukufumana imvume amagunya kamasipala kunokwembiwa amaqula okanye kwanakho ukurhoxiswa amanzi avela kumbutho ndawonye zesebe. I-SES ase esisetifiketi ukusebenzisa amanzi okusela.

SNP kuyilo lweenkqubo zobunjineli

Kuyilo yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo SNP kubaluleke kakhulu. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngokungqinelana nale xwebhu emisiweyo. Xa ufaka unikezelo lwamanzi imixokelelwano sikhokelwa zezi mithetho:

1. Xa ukhetha indawo kwamatanki izilonda kule ndawo, cinga uhlobo lomhlaba. Khumbula ukuba ubukho shale zisezantsi Umgama ukuya inani point yokubolisa kufuneka ube ziimitha ezi-30; kunye ndee sandy sump umgama - ukusuka eemitha-50 ukuya kuma-80.
2. YeTshathi ukuhlalisa imibhobho ngemibhobho yamanzi, ukufundisa inqanaba yovalo lomhlaba, kungenjalo amanzi elijikeleza isistimu ngumkhenkce.
3. Hlanganisa imibhobho zeplastiki, qiniseka ukuba unikezelo lwamanzi kwinethiwekhi ndingamhoyi nobushushu. Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho walala kusondela nemibhobho.
4. Xa ufaka le mibhobho ukulandela ithambeka ngqo impompo ziko.
5. Ngelo kwindawo yokuqala ufakelo eziyi- Kucetyiswa ukuba umba olongezelelweyo olawula unikezelo lwamanzi. Ngoko ke kwisistim kuvalwa xa ukulungiswa.

Uyilo ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo, imithetho uyilo, leyo ezifundiweyo yokuntsonkotha ezahlukeneyo. Le yinkqubo oko uluthiyile kungxama, yaye nayiphi na impazamo kungaba nefuthe elibi ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ngenxa iprojekthi amanzi, imizobo, imizobo kunye neenkqubo zobunjineli eqhubekayo womphandle kubaluleke kangaka ekuqhubeni umbhobho kunye nenkqubo lokulawula amanzi.