I-Naval Museum Complex "iBalaklava": inkcazo, imbali kunye namaqiniso anomdla

Iikhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka eSevastopol yidolophu ekhethiweyo yokutyelela - iBalaklava. Kuze kube kutshanje, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-20, yavalwa kuvakhenkethi. Iphutha laliyisiseko semigodi yasemanzini eBalaklava.

Xa imfazwe ebandayo yabonakala kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini lokugqibela, i-United States yaseMelika kunye neSoviet Union yaqalisa ukwakha izixhobo zamandla enyukliya, isongela izithintelo zokukhusela, kunye nokuziphindisela. Kwakule nkqubo enzima ukuba uStalin anike umyalelo wokufihla iBeria: ukufumana indawo yokusekela ii-submarine zaseSoviet, ukukhangela isitekliya senyukliya.

Ukukhethwa kweenkonzo ezikhethekileyo kwawa kwi-Balaklava enoxolo noxolo. Isixeko sahlulwa ngokukhawuleza, igama layo laphela kwiprogram yaseCrimea. Isixeko saphenduka sibe sesinye sezithili zeSevastopol, kodwa kungekhona kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngokufihlakeleyo: kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ungene apha kwiipasiti ezizodwa. U-Stalin wayehlolisise ngokwakhe kwaye wavakashela iphrojekthi yeziko eliyimfihlo lokulungiswa nokugcinwa kweenqanawa. Ngoko ke, kwakukho ichweba lokuqala kunye nelokuphela komhlaba kwihlabathi, elinomveliso kwipropati yayo yokulungisa, eyayifumana igama-into engu-825.

Uphi isiseko?

Emva kwenkxaso eyimfihlo engaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye namhlanje isakhiwo samanxweme "iBalaklava" sisekhoneni elingumgama, eNtabeni iTavros. Inemibini yokuphuma, kunye nokungena kwidolobho - ukusuka kwicala. Abasebenzi bayo babibiza ngokuba yi-adit. Xa kwenzeka isongelo, ukungena kwalo bekuvinjiwe yi-batoport enkulu enesisindo esiyikhulu elinamanci mahlanu.

Kwintlambo esemantla yeentaba kwakhiwa ukuphuma kweenqanawa elwandle. Wayevalela i-batoport. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yonke imingxuma entabeni yayigqitywa ngobuncwane ngamacwecwe ahlukeneyo awakunzima ukuwabona nakwiindawo ezikufutshane.

Imbali yokwakha

Namhlanje, ubuncinci be-museum yenkangala yomhlaba yindawo ekhangayo kakhulu yezokhenketho yeBalaklava. Imbali yento eyimfihlo yaqala kwi-1957 ekude. Ukugcina ubumfihlo bezinto ezakhiwa, igama elixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo elinokuthula - linikezelwe - iGTS (utshintshiselwano lwefowuni) No. 825. Kukho kwakhona umbhalo wesibini wesigqibo - "isakhiwo sobunjineli bamanzi". Kunengqiqo: bambalwa abaye bakholelwa ekwakheni itshintshwano lomnxeba eNtabeni iTavros.

Iingcali ekudalweni kwezi ngxaki zithi akukho namnye kubo (u-declassified) kwaye namhlanje ngobukhulu kunye namandla angaphezu kwesiseko kwiBalaklava. Ukwakhiwa kwakwenziwa ngamanyathelo, ngelixa imini yokusebenza yahlula yaba ngamaqhina amane. Abakhi basuswe kwintlambo esentshonalanga yabakhi beNtaba iTavros abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini amawaka cubic meters emhlabathini.

Ngoko ke, kwakukho umsele wamanzi amaninzi, iindibano zocweyo, udoti omile, ii-arsenals, iindlela zephantsi komhlaba, izakhiwo zokugcinwa, iindawo zokugcina izinto, isithuba somyalelo. Uhlobo lwalususwa ebusuku, ngenjongo yokufihla, xa idolophana elincinane lasezantsi lilele ngokulala. Iibhenji zathatyathwa zaza zalahla elwandle.

Ukusebenzisana kunye ne-metrostroevtsami

Ekuqaleni, ukulungiswa kwesi siko kwaxhaswa kwiingcali zezempi, kodwa bezingalindelekanga ngokukhawuleza xa bebetha umhlaba. URhulumente welizwe wagqiba ekubeni atyelele abakhi beemitha-mveliso ukuba basebenze, okwakunceda ekwakheni umthamo ongaphantsi komhlaba, ubunzulu bawo obungaphezu kweemitha ezisibhozo. Kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, ububanzi bayo bububanzi ukusuka kwiibhozo ezisixhenxe ukuya kumitha elinesibini.

Isiseko esisezantsi samanzi sasihlala kwintsimi enkulu (ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-1,6 zeemitha). Ummandla wendawo yamanzi, phantsi kwesibonelelo sendawo, iimitha eziliwaka ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala sesibonelelo (isiseko sokulungisa) sathunyelwa ngo-1961. Ii-depot ze-Fuel zokugcina amafutha kunye neentsimbi, kunye nomthamo weesithoba kunye nesiqingatha samawaka eetoni, zangena kwisigaba sesibini, ukwakhiwa kokugqitywa ngo-1963. Izityalo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zingahlala kwiinqwelo ezisixhenxe. Ndimele ndixelele ukuba nangamanqwanqwa anempi namhlanje anomdla.

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1994, inqanawa yokugqibela yashiya isiseko elwandle. Ukususela ngoko, into ekhethekileyo ishiywe kwaye iphangwa nje.

Yintoni eyayiyinto?

Lo mbuzo unomdla kubo abaninzi abaye batyelela ubuncinci kwi-museum e-Balaklava. Khumbula ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesi siko kuqhutywe ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold, xa imeko yamazwe ngamazwe yayisondele kumda.

Isiseko sakhiwe ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kunye neenqanawa zeeKlasi 633 kunye no-613. Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zee-submarines kunye neenqwelo zigcinwe kwintsimi yesibonelelo. I-tunnel ephakathi yayineebhozo ezisixhenxe zale ntlobo, kodwa kwiimeko eziphuthumayo iprojekthi enikezelwe ukufakwa kweenqwelo ezilishumi elinesine zeeklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongezelela koko, abaqulunqi banikezelwa ngodonga olukhethekileyo (xa kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kenyukliya) ukuhlayela izikhephe ukuya kwisikhululo samanzi. Apha, ngaphezu kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo, kukho izixhobo zenuzi.

Iingxaki eziyinkimbinkimbi

Iingcali zanamhlanje zihlala zixubusha, zixubusha ukuba isiseko sasiyinto ekhethekileyo neyona nto ifanelekileyo, okanye yayinemiphumo. Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezichasayo, njengommiselo, avuki, kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwiingaphulelo zesakhiwo, kunjalo, kunjalo.

Ngethuba lokwakha isiteshini samanzi olwandle, iimodeli ezintsha zaqala ukungena kwi-Arsenal ye-Black Sea Fleet - i-submarines kwiklasi ye-625 eyasebenza kwi-diesel fuel. Babengenako ukulungelelanisa kwizithuba ezidalwe. Ukongezelela, ummandla wesiseko wawunzima ukutshitshisa, kwanaxa kwesaqhwithi esibuthathaka.

I-Naval Museum Complex "iBalaklava": inkcazo

Esi sikhulu esikhulu, esilunzulu phantsi komhlaba, sikwazi ukukhusela ngokuphambuka kwe-athomu. Ngokomzekelo, ngokunqotshwa kwebhomu ye-athomu, amandla okungenani iiklotoni ezilikhulu. Kule meko, zonke iinqununu, i-submarines kunye nabasebenzi basebenzi apho baya kuhlala bengabikho.

Namhlanje iminyuziyamu yamanquba "iBalaklava" eSevastopol ivuleleke kubo bonke abaza. Yayisungulwa ngo-2003, xa inombolo ye-825 yayisetyenzisiwe. Izihlandlo ziqhutywa ngamaqela abantu abangamashumi amabini. Ityelelo ithatha malunga neyure.

Iindlela zokuvakasha

I-museum yase-Balaklava ingabonwa ngenye yeendlela ezimbini ezicetywayo. Uhambo olusisiseko luhamba ngeeyure zokuhamba ngeenyawo zeNtaba iTavros. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukutyelela kwisixhobo semfihlo kwiindawo zokukhusela, umkhombe ongasetyenziselwa ukuhamba, izixhobo zezixhobo zenukliya, ngoku ziguqulwa zibe yindawo yokubonisa imiboniso.

Indlela yesibini imfutshane: kwisigamu seyure uya kukwazi ukuhlola ubunzima beBlueklava phantsi kwezemyuziyamu ngokuthatha uhambo lomkhumbi, ukuhamba nge-canal phantsi komhlaba, ukujonga i-workshop yokugcina isondlo, ukutyelela i-dock e-100 yemitha eyimitha engama-8 kwaye ukhangele i-mine yangempela yamanzi. Kwakunjongo yokunqoba iithagethi zamanqamlezo zentshaba kwaye yayinokutshabalalisa yonke into ngaphakathi kwimizila eyi-100 m.

Iphethini

Le yindlela enkulu yokuthutha ekhokelela kwizixhobo zokuvelisa. Ubude bayo buyii-296 kumitha, ukuphakama ngamamitha amane kunye nesiqingatha, ububanzi bubane. Eli gumbi lisetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-torpedoes kwi-MCP kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kunye nezinto zokuthengisa kwiivenkile. Ukongezelela, kwakukho indawo yokukhusela yabasebenzi.

Ngaphantsi komhlaba

Wonke umntu ohambela ubuncinci kwi-museum ye-Balaklava yemigodi ye-museum okokuqala, uyachukumiseka yilo sakhiwo esithile, apho izikhephe zazilungiswa khona. Ubude bayo buyi-505 yamitha, ububanzi buvela kumitha ezintandathu ukuya kumashumi mabini anesibini (kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo). Ukongezelela kwiphantsi komhlaba, kwisiseko kwakukho i-dock eyomileyo - inxalenye eyomeleleyo yerenithi, ubude beyikhulu elinamitha amabini.

Ngaphambi kokungena kwindawo eyomileyo, yazaliswa ngamanzi. Xa iinqanawa zimile, amanzi aphephelwa kwaye ukulungiswa kwaqala, okwenzeka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya ezintandathu.

Arsenal

Inkomfa yezemyuziyam yolwandle "Balaklava" namhlanje inokubonelela ngabakhenkethi ukuba batyelele i-arsenal, apho iiyunithi eziphambili zezempi ze-torpedoes kunye nemikhosi, kuquka neekliya zenu, zigcinwe. Eli gumbi lakwahlukana ngokwemimiselo libe ngamacandelo amabini - ezobugcisa kunye noluntu, apho indawo eyona ndawo eyimfihlo yayikuyo. Apha iinxalenye zeentloko zagcinwa kwaye zihlanganiselwe. Ngena apha kungabalwa izibalo ezibandakanya amagosa kunye namagosa okuqinisekisa.

Inyaniso

• Izibhengezo zangena emzimbeni kuphela ebusuku, kwaye eBalaklava ngelo xesha umbane wanqunyulwa.
• Iindonga kunye noqweqwe lwe-arsenal liquka uhla lwekhonkrithi, ubukhulu balo obufikelela kumitha emitha.
• Emva kokuba umkhombe ungene kwi-dock, amanzi ayecinywa kuwo. Inani elikhulu labasebenzi elishiye ngaphantsi kweentlanzi liqokelelwe kwaye litshiza. Kulo lonke isithili kwakukho umsi ococekileyo, apho abahlali bendawo baqaphela ngokucacileyo ukuba isikebhe esilandelayo sikulungele ukulungiswa.

I-Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava": oonxibelelwano

Iimyuziyamu zifumaneka kwiTavricheskaya Embankment, 22. Ihamba imihla ngemihla ukususela ngo-10: 00 ukuya kwi-19: iiyure. Ngaphambi kokuba, unokwenza uhambo lwe-excursion kumlawuli weemyuziyam.