Nadezhda Durova. Amaqhawe War of 1812

Kwenzeka amaxesha ukuba ngobomi lokwenyani abantu mkhulu amabali aqaqambe kweenoveli ezintsha. Maxa wambi oku kubangelwa iingxabano ubomi engalindelekanga, nto leyo abantu nxamnye ngokuthanda kwabo, yaye maxa wambi iba umdali ikamva lakhe unique, engafuni ukuba ukudlulela kanye nabo bonke track lusekiwe. Kulula kubantu abanjalo ziquka igosa yokuqala female yomkhosi Russian Nadezhda Andreevna Durova.

Childhood hussar elizayo

Wazalwa elizayo "trooper-girl" September 17, 1783 eyayiseKiev. Kukho nangoko kufuna ukucaciswa: kwi "Notes" lakhe yena ukhomba ka1789, kodwa oku akuyonyani. Isibakala sokuba ebudeni inkonzo yakhe Cossack webutho Hope yancitshiswa ngokukodwa kwiminyaka engama emithandathu, ukudlula off eseyinkwenkwana kakhulu kwaye uchaze ukungabikho iinwele zobuso.

Isiphelo ubuya, ukususela yaba imihla yokuqala yobomi bakhe Nadezhda Durova yenkuthalo kokusingqongileyo emkhosini. Uyise YayinguAndreya V. hussar owamahashe umthetheli, kunye nentsapho regimental wayephila ubomi ezula. Umama wakhe, Nadezhda, intombi indoda esisityebi Poltava, ezahlukeneyo ngumsindo lukhuni kwaye ongalawulekiyo, ukuba uzekile nxamnye iminqweno yabazali, okanye, njengoko bathi, "nokuxhwilwa".

Ubuntu bakhe wadlala indima emabi kakhulu kubomi intombi yakhe. Baphupha yokuzalwa, unyana wakhe, unina bamthiya usana lwakhe olusandul 'imini enye intombazana yaye xa akuyona emnyaka mnye, ndamcaphukisa elila, waziphosa umntwana ngaphandle ifestile racing buyo. Wamhlangula Nadia Hussars, abo babehamba umkhondo kunye indlela itshayelwe phezulu zizantyalantyala uthuli umntwana.

Le umfundi young owenkawu okulwa

Ukuze kungenzeki oku kwakhona kwesehlo, uyise kwanyanzeleka ukuba intombi yakhe ukukhulisa owasemzini, kodwa ngamabona hlobo umntu onovelwano - hussar Astakhov, ogama Nadia awayebuphila de kweminyaka emihlanu. Kamva, xa memoirs zakhe Durov wabhala ngaloo minyaka yesali hussar indawo ezalwa yakhe, nezinto zokudlala kunye iintsizi amahashe, imipu kunye akhaliphileyo umculo emkhosini. La mava ebuntwaneni kuya kuba negalelo elikhulu ekwenzeni ekubumbeni umlinganiswa trooper intombazana elizayo.

Ukubuyela emhlambini

Ngowe ka1789 Andrey wayeka yaye wabafunela indawo usodolophu kwisixeko Sarapul , Vyatka kwiphondo. wabuyela intsapho unina wakhe, owathi, akuba wabandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwakhe Le ntombazana, wazama woyisakala ukufundisa intombi yakhe uthando ezimfakamfele kunye nendlu. Nadia yayintsha ngokupheleleyo kubo bonke ababathimbayo kuloo minyaka bexesha yakhe - umphefumlo hussar wayehlala intombazana encinane. Xa intombi ekhula, utata wamnika ihashe wakhe omangalisayo kwi Cherkassy ogama Alcides, ngubani ekugqibeleni waba ngumhlobo wakhe yaye idabi ngaphezu kwesinye zigcinwe umzuzu nzima.

umshado ngenkani

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba abe mdala Nadezhda Durova wayetshatile. Kunzima ukutsho oko ikhokelwa kakhulu ngabazali bayo: ". Hussar kwi sisiketi" umnqweno amalungiselelo isiphelo intombi yakhe nokunqwenela ukuthengisa ngokukhawuleza ezandleni Phantsi kwezitulo, yena wahamba nendoda emangalisayo cwaka encinane - Vasiliem Stepanovichem Chernovym, ababekhonza esixekweni efanayo ungumgwebi engumshumayeli.

Emva konyaka, Ithemba wazala unyana, kodwa akukho yesisa ukuba akukenzeki kuwe; kuba loo nto, kunye nomfazi wakhe. Le ukungathandi umntwana yena kuye, eziveza ukwandiswa ngokupheleleyo unina. Kakade ke, umtshato umphefumlo kwasekuqaleni, yaye kungekudala ithemba washiya indoda yakhe, zimshiya neenkumbulo kuphela uthando ayiphumelelanga nonyana kangako.

Xa phakathi ubomi nehashe

Durova gqaba wabuyela ekhayeni lakhe, kodwa idibana kuphela ingqumbo ngunina, Ndandikhathazwa ikhefu kwakhe nomyeni wakhe. Uba eliye ukuvaleka kule engwevu enyanyeni ubomi okwangoku yi kubemi County. Kodwa kungekudala bayahlelwa umenza isipho egameni Cossack Captain nabo Ithemba usoloko eshiya indlu ezithiyekileyo. Bezenze indoda ukusika iinwele, yena ufuduswe umke kwi Alcide wayo emva the lover entsha, ngathi kwabanye Batman wakhe.

Yaba ngeli xesha, Nadezhda Durova, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngabom understate iminyaka yabo: Cossacks ngokwesiko kwafuneka ukuba banxibe iindevu, kwaye soyike kungaba nje okwethutyana, wayebhekisela kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala. Kodwa ukuze angabonwa, kwafuneka ukuba ekugqibeleni ukushiya uCaptain uze ukhangele iindawo kwi-Calvary Lancers, apho iindevu zange. Apho wangena inkonzo phantsi kwegama kuzakuthathwa Alexander Vasilyevich Sokolov - unyana igosa lakomkhulu kunye mhlaba.

Kwaliwa lokuqala kunye George Cross yobuGorha

Waya 1806, kunye nomkhosi Russian wathabatha inxaxheba imfazwe nxamnye uNapoleon, wangena imbali njengoko War of the Coalition yesiNe. Yaba olwandulela ukufika kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Nadezhda Andreevna Durova inxaxheba ngokulinganayo namadoda kwiqela amadabi likhulu ixesha kunye yonke ebonisa ubuqhawe ezizodwa. Ngokusindisa igosa elimele imbasa mkhosi wakhe George Cross yaye wanyuselwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba amagosa non-ethunywe. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, akukho namnye abanye zange bazi ukuba umfanekiso lamagorha ukwaphulwa ukufihla ibhinqa eliselula-ethe.

exposure engalindelekanga

Kodwa njengokuba usazi, ukubulala akayi kuzifihla. kungekudala Loo mfihlelo elide-igcinwe Nadezhda Andreyevna waba umyalelo eyaziwa. It wakhupha incwadi yayo ebhalwe kuyise ngobusuku enye amadabi. Engazi ukuba ukuze bahlale bephila, Ithemba wacela uxolo lwakhe zonke zibangwa kuye unina umiselwe ukuba. Ngaphambi koko, Andrey wayengazi apho intombi yakhe, kodwa ngoku, bafumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo, thelekisa umkhosi ukuba abuyele ekhaya mbaleki.

Ukususela kwikomkhulu umyalelo ngoko nangoko, kwaye umphathi webutho, leyo wakhonza Nadezhda Durova, yalithumela kuyo ngokukhawuleza eSt Petersburg, angabi imbeke uyibeke ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo. Umntu siziphendule kuphela ukuba indlela oogxa, ukuze ufumanise ukuba ngubani zaphumela kubo, nangona beardless, kodwa phoyisa anobukroti kunye nesibindi ...

Abaphulaphuli eliphezulu kuMlawuli

Okwa ngoku ludaba amajoni ezingaqhelekanga bafika enguMongami uMlawuli Alexander I, yaye xa Nadezhda Andreevna wafika kwikomkhulu, wathabatha nangoko naye komkhulu. Emva kokuva eli bali safumana amabhinqa aselula, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokulinganayo kunye nabantu ekulweni, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, baqonde ukuba umkhosi wamngenisa kuye akukho ukuthandana, yaye ku navela ku tirhela eli lizwe, umlawuli wavumela Nadezhda Andreyevna kuqhubeka kwiiyunithi lupwa lobuqu ngesivumelwano wenze ukuba isikhundla uLieutenant yesibini.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhubeka izalamane zakhe akazange adale ingxaki, i noMlawuli wathumela ukuba kukhonza Mariupol Hussars phantsi kwegama kucingelwa Aleksandra Andreevicha Aleksandrova. Ngaphezu koko, wanikwa ilungelo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze wenze isicelo ngqo * kuKhesare. Loo ilungelo ngelo xesha kusetyenziswa kuphela abantu efanelwe kakhulu.

vaudeville regimental

Ngaloo ndlela Nadezhda Durova - le trooper-intombazana kunye negosa obhinqileyo lokuqala eRashiya, waba phakathi Mariupol Hussars. Kodwa kungekudala lafika ibali lakhe, imfaneleyo umntu vaudeville esulungekisiweyo. Isibakala sokuba elinye entsha intombi othile ukuba umphathi regimental. Kakade ke, kwafuneka bengazi ukuba ngubani na ngokwenene Alexander wakhe othandekayo Andreyevich. UYise - Colonel lupwa nengqondo umntu - ngokunyanisekileyo yaye yavuma ukhetho intombi yakhe, ngentliziyo yam yonke ndinqwenela ulonwabo lwakhe abaselula igosa a amnandi ezifana.

Le meko okuneziqholo kakhulu. Ntombi koma uthando ayikrazule Lila kunye notata Wayesoyika, bengazi ukuba kutheni elinye akayi umcele ukuba isandla intombi yakhe. Nadezhda Andreyevna kwafuneka ukuba baphume ke ngentumekelelo wakwamkela Hussars yaye siqhubeke sikhonza kwi Ulan kwadingeka - kwakhona, Kakade, phantsi igama elingelilo omashini kuye buqu geqe-umlawuli.

Ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ngowe-1809 Durov wathumela Sarapul, apho utata wakhe waqhubeka ekhonza sokuba umphathi wabo. Azihlali endlwini yakhe ahlala kangangeminyaka emibini, kwaye nje phambi kokuba lihlaselwe Napoleonic kwakhona waya kukhonza kwi Lithuanian Lancers. emva konyaka omnye, Nadezhda Andreevna umthetho isiqingatha-butho. Xa intloko Lancers sakhe yena eyayibandakanyekile ezininzi iimfazwe ezinkulu the 1812 War Patriotic iminyaka. Walwa e ESmolensk kunye Kolotskim eMonastri, yaye Borodino wathethelela bake ukufikelwa odumileyo - inkqubo ngobuchule ebalulekileyo eziquka basezinqabeni ezintathu. Apho baba nethuba ukulwa ecaleni ne Bagration.

mkhondo-Chief

Kungekudala Durov walimala washiywa ukuba unyango kuyise yakhe Sarapul. Emva kokuba alulame, waphinda wabuyela emkhosini ndasebenza ehlelekile Kutuzov, kunye Kutuzov wayengomnye abambalwa ababemazi ngubani ngokwenene yena. Xa umkhosi Russian ngo-1813, baqhubeka imisebenzi zomkhosi ngaphandle kwe Russia, Nadezhda Andreevna wahlala phakathi kwezintlu; kwaye iimfazwe inkululeko iJamani imikhosi Napoleonic zizakubalulwa ngexesha singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba Modlin kunye kuthinjwe Hamburg.

Life emva komhlala

Emva kokuphela noloyiso imfazwe, kwiminyaka eli bhinqa emangalisayo ezimbalwa emva kokuba Tsar kunye Lezwe, ukuba umhlala kunye isikhundla kubasebenzi-umthetheli. Chin Hope Durova wamvumela ukuba afumane ubomi umhlalaphantsi kwaye inikeza kakhulu ubukho obutofotofo. Yena wazinza Sarapul noyise wakhe, kodwa maxa wambi wayehlala Yelabuga apho ukuze aliqhube ngoxa wayenendlu. Le minyaka ndayichitha emkhosini, zamiselwa Nadezhda Andreevna uphawu ngaphezu, mhlawumbi, icacisa engaziqhelanga baninzi kubhiyozelwa onke amadoda ecaleni kuye ngelo xesha.

Ukususela memoirs ababephila siyazi ukuba kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, waya yesinxibo amadoda kunye onke amaxwebhu asayiniwe kuphela igama Aleksandrova Aleksandra Andreevicha. Kwabanye njengoko kufunwa wayebhekisela kuphela kumntu oyindoda. Bacinge ukuba buqu kuye umfazi yena kanye lowo, wafa, waza wamisa kuphela umfanekiso lakhe kunye negama eyenziwe-up.

Ngamanye amaxesha waya ukuzibaxa izinto. Ngokomzekelo, xa elinye imini unyana wakhe, Ivan Vasilevich Chernov (lowo yona kanye Waphuma, eshiya indoda yakhe), wathumela incwadi ecela ukuba anisikelele ukuba kuzekwe, wabona isibheno kuye "mamma," wayitshisa incwadi ngaphandle kokufunda. Kuyinto kuphela emva kwakhona, unyana wabhala, ebhekisela njengoko Aleksandru Andreevichu, ekugqibeleni wafumana intsikelelo sikanina.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Ukuza lokuphumula emva kokuba umsebenzi emkhosini, Nadezhda Andreevna benze imisebenzi boncwadi. Ngowe-1836, xa esemaphepheni "Contemporary" baba iinkumbulo zakhe, kamva wakhonza njengoko njengesiseko "Notes" edumileyo, apapashwa kulo nyaka linye phantsi kwesihloko "Trooper-intombazana." Yena ukudunyiswa italente yakhe njenge umbhali wanika A. S. Pushkin, naye Durov wadibana ngayo umzalwana wakhe Basil, ngubani ngokobuqu wayesazi imbongi enkulu. Inguqulelo lokugqibela memoirs zayo yapapashwa ngo-1839 yaba hit enkulu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba umbhali ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe.

End of yokuphila trooper ezinyulu

Kodwa ke, nangona zonke, ngemihla yakhe nokwehla Durov ukuba lilolo. Kwisibizo ikhona ngaloo minyaka kwakukho iikati baninzi nezinja, leyo Nadezhda Andreevna wathatha mna apho kungenzeka kuphela. Wafa ngo-1866 e-Yelabuga, ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi asibhozo anesibini. Ebona indlela yokufa, ayizange ukutshintsha imikhwa yabo, waza inkonzo yomngcwabo ngokwayo phantsi igama oyindoda - umkhonzi kaThixo Alexander. Noko ke, umbingeleli wakule ayikwazanga angawugqithi siseko yecawa nokunakana ukuzalisekisa iminqweno yokugqibela. Otpeli Nadezhda Andreevna ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa emngcwabeni wamnika zeHonours emkhosini.

Wazalwa ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine II, waba owayephila ngexesha abalawuli ezintlanu setrone ombuso Russia bagqiba indlela yabo ebukumkanini Alexander II, phambi kokuba bafike ukupheliswa serfdom. Ngoko ke wasweleka - kodwa hayi kwi inkumbulo yabantu - Nadezhda Durova, engobomi ebewenza i imbali ngexesha lonke zelizwe lethu.

Memory esele eminyaka

inzala Nombulelo Ithemba Durova wazama ziyaluthundeza igama lakhe. Ngowe-1901, i umthetho ombuso Monument Nicholas II esakhiwe engcwabeni lodumo amahashe-intombi. Le epitaphs Umngcwabo ebekrolwe la mazwi, ebalisa ukulwa yayo indlela ababesukele ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla Nadezhda Durova, waza wavakalisa umbulelo kweli bhinqa ubalulekileyo. Ngowe-1962, enye iindawo abahlali park isixeko isixeko kwakhona wafumana umhlola of compatriot yakhe edumileyo.

Sele kwixesha post-yiSoviet, ngo-1993, kukho isi- Nadezhda Durova yavulwa kwi Emnye Square Yelabuga. ababhali zayo nomkroli F. F. Lyah kunye umyili SL Buritsky. Musa ukuhlala ababhali bucala Russian. Ngo-2013, xa kubhiyozelwa iminyaka 230th lokuzalwa kwakhe sisezindongeni Yelabuga State Museum-Reserve Wavakalisa imibongo abazinikele Nadezhda Durova ebhaliweyo iimbongi ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle zangaphambili kunye nabantu abaphila.