Villi isisu: isakhiwo, umsebenzi, igazi kunye neempawu

Kuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba womntu kufuneka ukutya ukutya. Nokufunxwa kwezinto zobomi eziyimfuneko kunye nemveliso yazo ukuthotywa oluqhutywa emathunjini amancinci. Ibekwe khona villi wamathumbu kwaye enze lo msebenzi. nokwakheka kwabo, indawo, cytology, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

Ubume emathunjini amancinci kunye nemisebenzi yayo

Xa isebe komzimba womuntu ama-3 - i duodenum, jejunum kunye ileum. malunga nama-30 cm yokuqala elide. Apha kuza ezikhethekileyo enzayim epithelium isisu, duct enzayim pancreatic. Xa isebe efanayo inkqubo sokufunxa iqala. Amanzi kunye neetyuwa, acid kunye neevithamini, fatty inxaxheba owawanyayo ngoncedo lwe villi.

Va jejunum kunye ileum akukho imida ecacileyo zangaphandle, kwaye ubude bayo bungama 4.5-5.5 m. Kodwa umahluko zangaphakathi, Kakade ke, zikhona. Jejunum :

• Kuye udonga ubukhulu enkulu;
• Isisu villi naye ixesha elide yaye ububanzi ezincinane, yaye inani labo mkhulu;
• ke akhona ingcono ngegazi.

Sekunjalo, lo msebenzi ungundoqo duodenum - le ukwetyisa ukutya. Akukho kuphela sayo isisu, le nkqubo ikhutshwa phandle, kodwa kufuphi eludongeni (Parietal ukwetyisa) ngokunjalo phakathi kwiiseli (intracellular).

Ukuphumeza kubemi isifo kukho iinkqubo zothutho ezikhethekileyo ahlukile eziletha nganye. Inkalo eyongezelelweyo emathunjini amancinci ako. In kunelinye - oku ke iphambili.

Ukubeka villi kunye nokwakheka kwabo

villi isisu ethunjini afumaneka kuzo zonke zontathu amacandelo emathunjini amancinci ubanike imbonakalo velvety. Ubude nganye villi-1 mm, kwaye kubeka ashinyeneyo kakhulu. Bona wabumba ukusuka lunamaqoqo inwebu yangaphakathi. aphindwe sikwere komhlaba emathunjini amancinci Per yokuqala neyesibini ziqwempu kuba kumaqhekeza-22 ukuya ku-40, kwi iliac - 30.

Ngaphandle zonke villi wamathumbu zizele epithelium. Iseli nganye ezininzi kuThixo abizwa ngokuthi microvilli. imali yabo babe phezulu yesi-4. Per iseli epithelial, nto leyo kakhulu kwandisa epithelium komhlaba, yaye ngenxa yoko, le sokufunxa komhlaba emathunjini.

Zonke villi isisu ethunjini omntu axially emithanjeni emithanjeni avela kwi ngencam villi kunye nobuninzi ngcanjana ilahlwa kule stroma.

nokwakheka yeselula ye villi

Yeyona bubukho uhlobo oluthile iiseli inoxanduva indlela villi emathunjini. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala:

villus nganye, kungakhathaliseki ndawo umntu akuyo, igcwele maleko epithelial eziquka iintlobo ezintathu iseli: iiseli columnar epithelial, engenamqheba exocrine ezidalwe iiseli.

enterocytes

Oku kakhulu qho wadibana kwi epithelium lohlobo yeseli villi. Isihloko yakhe yesibini ngeentlobo iseli epithelial columnar. Iiseli imilo prismatic. A nguwona msebenzi villi wamathumbu lwenziwa ngawo. Enterocytes ukunika ihamba ukusuka iphecana zesisu ibe ligazi kunye nkovu iinkqubo ezifunekayo umzimba kwezinto abasebenza ngexesha izidlo.

Xa iiseli epithelial phezu kukho ungqameko ekhethekileyo kwakheka microvilli. Ezi microvilli 1 micron ² zibe kumaqhekeza-60 ukuya kwi-90. Bona ukwandisa umphezulu sokufunxa of kwiseli nganye amaxesha 30-40. Isendaweni microvilli kumphezulu glycocalyx kubangela ohlaba enzyme.

Olunye uhlobo iiseli epithelial iiseli kunye microfold okanye ekuthiwa-M-iiseli. indawo yabo - ubuso nkovu zoboya zombini iqela kunye ngamnye. Bona azakubalulwa kwemilo atshabalalisa ngakumbi kwaye inani elincinane microvilli. Kodwa le indawo igutyungelwe microfolds ne apho iseli iyakwazi kufakwe le macromolecule kunye sayo emathunjini.

exocrine engenamqheba kunye endocrinocytes

iiseli abangatshatanga, inani leyo eyandisa ukusuka duodenum ukuya ileum. Ezi seli ezithile uxakaxa Ukuqokelela isisi imfihlo yakhe ukuya kumphezulu mucosal. Loo anodaka ikhuthaza ukutya ecaleni ethunjini kwangalaa mlinganiselo mnye ngexesha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ndizayo ekugayeni.

Inkangeleko weeseli ixhomekeke iqondo ukuqokelelana netuwa kulo, yencindi ukuyilwa ngokwayo kwenzeka likhuphe izixhobo Golgi. cage ongenanto, kandziyisa ngokupheleleyo imfihlelo yakho kwaye imxinwa ezininzi ezinombindi wesiseko lifinyele.

It endocrinocytes nokulungelelanisa kwaye izithako eziphilayo esebenzayo ukuba ukudlala nje kuphela umsebenzi wokudla, kodwa kwakhona ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ukutya jikelele. Ukufakwa Primary ezi seli - le duodenum.

imisebenzi

Ukususela isakhiwo iba akucaci apho umsebenzi lwenziwa yi villi wamathumbu kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, ngoko nje kuphela Unalungelo kubo:

1. Kukufakwa iikhabhohayidrethi, iiprotheni, acid, kwakunye iimveliso zabo ukuthotywa. Bona wacanda emithanjeni kwi villi, kwaye igazi zivezwa kwinkqubo portal kwesibindi.
2. Lipid edalwayo, kodwa kunoko, amasuntswana chylomicron zivela lipids. Bona ocande imicu emithanjeni kwaye kungena egazini, ngokudlula isibindi.
3. Omnye umsebenzi villi wamathumbu - secretory, cell yencindi zonyuselo lula ukutya ngokusebenzisa amathumbu.
4. Yonyango, kuba ezinye iiseli villi zivelisa histamine kunye serotonin, secretin kunye nezinye iihomoni ezininzi Bava.

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Ukusuka apho iseli kwaye nendlela villi isisu, siyaqonda, kodwa xa iyafakwa emzimbeni womntu nokuba yintoni iiseli? Makhe sihlolisise lo mbuzo.

Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibini okanye ekuqaleni uphuhliso lwabantu wesithathu intrauterine aqalile ukuphuma ethunjini endoderm yethumbu ezincinane kwanangamacandelo alo esebenza - nezibaya, villi, crypts.

Ekuqaleni, iiseli epithelial musa i umahluko engqongqo, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli Ngenyanga yesithathu bahlukane. Glycocalyx phezu microvilli, leyo zigqunywe iiseli epithelial, kukuzishumayela kwinyanga yesine wosana.

Kule veki wesihlanu, xa kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kukho tab serous yethumbu, kwaye lwesibhozo - izihlunu kunye zomzimba nokuqina yethumbu. Zonke amaqokobhe zibekwe ukusuka mesoderm (igqabi visceral) kunye nokuqina ijwabu mesenchyme.

Nangona zonke iiseli yokwetyisa inkqubo nezihlunu babeka ngexesha Palsy, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, villi namathumbu yonakaliswe. ntoni kwakhona kwimimandla apho iiseli ziye wafa njani? Kwiyantlukawano mitotic weeseli esempilweni ekufuphi nalapho. Bawenza nje indawo oogxa abafileyo baze baqalise ukwenza umsebenzi wayo.