Oonobangela revolutions kwibhotwe Russia

Ixesha yeenguqu ebhotwe ngokuba ixesha kwimbali Russian eyalandela ukufa Peter I, xa utshintshelo lolawulo kweli lizwe lwaqhutywa kwi kukwaphula umthetho.

Term Umbhali-mbali IVOTI Klyuchevskii. Ukholelwa ukuba ilixa babhukuqwa bhotwe yaqala ngo-1725 kunye kokufa Petra Velikogo yaye yaphela ngo-1762 emva kokuba ebukumkanini uCatherine II. Noko ke, kukho imbono la maxesha esibi 1801 ngokunxulumene lokubulala uPawulos I. Ezinye mbali sifumana imiqondiso yeli xesha kwi kwimvukelo le Decembrists.

Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela babhukuqwa eyadini - yokungabikho imithetho ecacileyo yokulandelelana, ukunqongophala imisebenzi esemthethweni yezopolitiko; ungquzulwano ezingaphelelanga phakathi unegunya, iklasi yasebukhosini yezikhulu.

Makhe siqwalasele ezi zizathu.

Ngowe-1722 uPetros I wakhupha "Charter wokulandelelana", ngenxa apho, kwakuza kudlula itrone ukuya kuluhlu olubanzi abantu, ingabi kuphela alandela ngqo lo kumkani. Kanti ixesha phambi kokufa Wavuka ukumkani kunye ukwahlulwa lokuqala. iqela lezopolitiko, nelikhokelwa ngu Apraksin, zanyanzelisa ulwakhiwo etroneni umzukulwana Peter I ngayo ukuqeshwa yakhe, yangumkakhe ibamba ka kumkani, Catherine I.

Elinye iqela, ikhokelwa ngu-Prince Menshikov, wayeza ukwenza ukumkanikazi yedwa uCatherine. Ngenxa ngamayelenqe artful kunye nongenelelo Army Catherine A. wanyuselwa kwetrone 1725. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1727 umbuzo amandla kuye kwavela kwakhona. Sobukhosi ugqunywe kuPetros II ngenxa ye oliqhophololo komdyarho.

Izinto ezibangela babhukuqwa zasebhotwe azasekelezwa umnqweno zicelo ukutshintsha inkqubo ekhoyo yezopolitiko okanye ukwenza nayiphi na inguqu. A phawu uphawu kwexesha kwabakho ukulwa igunya, bathi, "likwimo ecocekileyo." Zonke alwayo yayijonge kuphela xa ukufumana amandla kunye sisityebi.

Izinto ezibangela babhukuqwa ibhotwe ukususela 1727 ababenxulumana ukubhukuqwa Menshikov, okunene walawula ilizwe iminyaka emi-3. Njengoko i uzowenza onamava wengcibi yokuluka, kunjalo wenza impazamo enkulu ngenxa ngamandla blinding. Bane ubudlelwane kunye namahlakani ayo, yena waphulukana ngokukhawuleza yonke aspired ixesha elide kangaka. Elona transfer amandla ku Dolgoruky kunye Golitsyn. Kwakhona, kukho imfuneko ukukhangela indlalifa kwitrone njengokuba uPetros II wabulawa ekupheliseni ingqakaqa.

Ezinye izizathu babhukuqwa zasebhotwe zincediswa kokusayina imeko, owawenza amandla lowo wenyuka itrone nomtshana uPetros - uAnny Kurlyandskoy (uAnny Ioannovny). Wasityobela uxwebhu, ukuyeka amanye amagunya egameni leBhunga yangasese. Ixesha wobukumkani bakhe, ukuze oko ezinxulumene nomzabalazo ngamandla enogonyamelo.

Emva Anna Kurlyandskaya imeko yahlukana esidlangalaleni, yaye phantse wabatshabalalisa Dolgoruky usapho, kunye nomzabalazo igunya kufika ubuso ezintsha, kuquka akholana uKumkanikazi Biron, BK Munnich and AP Volyn.

Oonobangela revolutions ibhotwe eRashiya ziye wahlanganisa kuphela imeko yezopolitiko, kodwa ntu abantu kufutshane nokumkani. Kwezinye iimeko, umlawuli kwaba kuphela yayibhalwe, kodwa eneneni elo lizwe yayilawulwa izidwangube.

Ekubeni ukufa Peter I ka-1762 waba iirhuluneli ezintlanu eRashiya. Uninzi babhukuqwa bathatha indawo inxaxheba labaLindi. Abanye abaphandi thelekisa eli xesha kwimbali weRashiya ukusuka ekupheleni uBukhosi baseRoma, xa ngoko ngokufuthi kwabakho utshintsho kwamandla, yaye babhukuqwa yomkhosi ababandakanyekayo.

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga le babhukuqwa ebhotwe, oonobangela eyayibandakanya Charter wokulandelelana, eseleyo emva kolawulo Peter I, kwakunye kumzabalazo amandla phakathi iintsapho zobunene besive iqembu elibusayo.

Amandla ixesha elide akazange ahlale ixesha efanayo izandla, abaphathi eRashiya, waphumelela enye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuphela sexesha weza kuphela ukulawula ka uCatherine Omkhulu, lowo unako ukubuyisela ucwangco karhulumente.