Xa umsebenzi Isitampu iye yasungulwa?

Kwaye uyazi yintoni zempahla? Ukuba akunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba awusoze ujamelene ukuthenga nokuthengisa izibambiso, okanye wenze nayiphi na lijongene ezithengiswayo. Ngelishwa, kwi irhafu Russian nokubhala esemthethweni yabemi ayikho kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, iphepha lwethu luya kuba luncedo abaninzi.

Yintoni zempahla?

inkqubo yerhafu kubonakala baseRashiya "puzzle Chinese", abaninzi kuthi bengazi ukuba irhafu eninzi tihlawulela ku kaNondyebo kaRhulumente, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo akanamdla ngemixokomelwano yerhafu le kwamanye amazwe. Isitampu xanduva nangoku ebangela imibuzo emininzi kwiingcaphephe, abakwazi ukubona ukuba yeyiphi udidi kuyo iye - duty okanye irhafu. Ngapha koko, oku ukuxuma kwinkcazelo.

Sinokuthi ukuba zempahla - werhafu ekhethekileyo, eqokelelwa ngurhulumente ukusuka amaqumrhu abucala kunye esemthethweni yeentengiselwano real estate kunye izibambiso. Wayirhola inyanzelekile xa isicelo-arhente zikarhulumente.

Ingaba uhlawula irhafu?

Isitampu umsebenzi - werhafu ekhethekileyo, intlawulo leyo kuqinisekiswa yi amaphepha lwaseburhulumenteni okanye amatywina. Ngokwenene, igama lakhe eli nomthengisi ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Ekuqaleni, oko kuqinisekiswa yi kunikezelo kukho intlawulo olukhethekile lwephepha nestampu kunye istampu okanye ngetywina. Umsebenzi Eyona Isitampu sithathwa isiqinisekiso imeko naziphi na izenzo abemi balo.

inkqubo umsebenzi abize nesitampu

karhulumente ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo ngokwesiseko-sikhokelo esemthethweni yamkela icwangcisa isitampu umsebenzi isigxina nkqubo. Kwamanye amazwe, ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na irhafu ixabiso kwaye zindleko njengepesenti indleko mali lokuthenga. Amanye amazwe Sizibekele isixa esingatshintshiyo, leyo kuyahlukana nedlela intengiselwano okokoko.

Ukuhlawula zempahla kunokuba omabini amacala esivumelwano, kwakunye enye. Oku kwakhona lulawulwa kwinqanaba mthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, urhulumente esweni ngenyameko intlawulo yale irhafu kwimeko zokuphula umntu wendalo okanye osemthethweni ungalindela nengalo yomthetho.

Lo mkhwa yinto exhaphakileyo kwilizwe, yaye kutshanje eYurophu kukho umkhwa ukuba utshintsho kwinkqubo irhafu. Umlungu izothuso olindele ukuqinisa yakhe, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu kwintlalo-ntle yabo kwimeko zentlekele yoqoqosho.

Russia: Imbali of isitampu umsebenzi

Ukuba unomdla, xa kwamiselwa isitampu umsebenzi kwilizwe lethu, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakhangele kwinkulungwane elikude elinesixhenxe. Owokuqala ukumisela le rhafu ngu Peter I, ikhuphe iphepha ezizodwa istampu. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, liqulunqe umthetho irhafu, kwaye elinethoba isitampu ngenkulungwane umsebenzi eRashiya elikhuselweyo ngokusisigxina uhlobo lwerhafu.

Noxanduva lokuthatha le Ministry irhafu Wezimali, kwakhona esweni ukungqinelana nomthetho, ukuba ukuchonga neye. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi ukuba umsebenzi Isitampu yinkqubo noko ezintsonkothileyo. Kuye yahlulwe lula ukuba nokuhlelwa anantlanu leevoti, nohlulwe isakhiwo ezinokuntsonkotha branched.

Intlawulo yerhafu lwenziwa izitampu ngurhulumente-kukhutshwa. In pre-revolution eRashiya wakhululwa ngeentlobo ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu ezahlukeneyo brand, bezisetyenziselwa ukuya kumashumi amabini zenkulungwane lokugqibela.

Ukuhlawulwa isitampu umsebenzi eRashiya yanamhlanje

ESoviet Union wafuna ukutshintsha inkqubo lwasebukhosini intlawulo isitampu umsebenzi, ngoko indawo yi umsebenzi omnye eyaqhubeka de ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR urhulumente welizwe lethu iye yabuyela kwisenzo yokurhafisa isitampu umsebenzi, kodwa kuphela izibambiso kwiintengiselwano. Ukuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa yokusongela komhlaba kunye nemihlaba ayisa kulindeleke ukuba uhlawule zempahla.

Okwangoku, kukho irhafu eyahlukileyo iintengiselwano real estate kunye izibambiso eRashiya. Isitampu duty abemi beli lizwe lethu musa kuhlawula.

US: Inxaxheba isitampu umsebenzi kwimbali yeli lizwe

I-US kunye Canada ke kumazwe apho labemi ayihlawuli isitampu umsebenzi. Esebenza inkqubo eyahlukileyo irhafu. Kodwa xa lo, le irhafu idlale indima kuvala, ukutshintsha indlela kwezehlo amakoloni aseMelika ngokupheleleyo.

mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umsebenzi isitampu ngo-1765 yaba umququ yokugqibela, enika unyamezelo bezithanga, abaqala ukucinga nzulu malunga yokwahlukana eNgilani. Into yokuba UK ngeli xesha yehlelwa eshotayo yohlahlo lwabiwo ezinzima yaye ungaxeleli mntu kunye nokuqaliswa irhafu ezintsha. Kungokwemvelo ukuba uninzi lwabo ubunzima ukusuka koloni. Isihlabo irhafu yaye ke wabiza uqhankqalazo zininzi phakathi abemi amathanga North American, kodwa inkoliso imali waya iimfuno kunye nophuhliso zoluntu ngokwabo, ngoko ke uqhankqalazo Zacimeka ngabasemagunyeni. Kodwa ngo-1765 isenzo ligqithise Zempahla ukuba baseMerika elizayo kuza kufuneka ahlawule kuba phantse zonke bathenga eMelika izinto kunye nempahla. Oku kwabangela uqhwithela loqhankqalazo, baba nemincili ingakumbi olubonakalayo eBoston. Zempahla Act kwenza abemi ukuya ezitratweni kunye bebephethe kunye nezilogeni. Bona babecatshukiswa yokuba irhafu iza kuhamba ngokupheleleyo zengcebo i-UK. Ukongeza, umsebenzi nesitampu ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngaphezu kokuba irhafu efanayo iBrithani.

Ekugqibeleni, emva nokulatyuza imiboniso lavakala kweli lizwe, umthetho intywenka yerhafu kwaye iye yamkelwa. Kude kube ngoku, umsebenzi nesitampu ayihlawulwanga kwi bamazwe US kanye nezinye izizwe abahlala kwintsimi karhulumente kunye lizwe.

United Kingdom: System Tax

UK zempahla usebenza kuphela transactions real estate. Yena ihlawulwe ngabantu ngokusemthethweni kunye nokuthengwa okanye ukuthengiswa zokuhlala, iziza umhlaba, izakhiwo mveliso kunye namakhaya. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, i IsiNgesi kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule lo msebenzi nesitampu, njengoko abayibiza le rhafu. Xa ezingafani, oko ekhona kubomi British ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Kwaba ngoko ixesha okokuqala umsebenzi nestampu.

Kwi-UK, kwaye itsalwa kwi ngomlinganiselo okhethekileyo njengepesenteji kwinani lokuthenga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba irhafu - unit guquka, nto isusela ukususela nge-2 ukuya kwi-14%. ixabiso eliphezulu Yathengwa, imali kokukhona kuya kufuneka uhlawule ngumhlali Albion.

Ekuqaleni, le nkqubo wayengafezekanga, yaye kukho utshintsho olungephi ukusuka kudidi omnye mali lokuthenga kwenye irhafu zanda kakhulu. Ngo-2014 isikali iintlawulo esele ihleliwe, nibe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu.

Ngo-2015, urhulumente waseBritani udlule umthetho ufuna ngokuhlawulwa umsebenzi nestampu ezongezelelweyo kwimeko xa isixa-mali lokuthenga le kowethu mkhulu kwama-40 000, umthengi kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule i olongezelelweyo-3% yexabiso lentengo ngaphandle. Ku Britain, kuhlawulwe irhafu kwamagxa umthengi.

Ngubani kwi UK ayinakho ukuba uhlawule irhafu?

Kungokwemvelo ukuba kukho udidi labantu, leyo uxolelwa isitampu emsebenzini. Kwi-UK, oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ufika ipropati njengesipho okanye ilifa. Olu didi ibhekisa ekungeneni ilungelo lokusebenzisa ilifa lokwenene ngenxa ukwahlulwa kwepropati kwi Inkqubo yokuqhawulwa komtshato.

Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, i-real estate irhafu transaction kufuneka ihlawulwe. Kwaye kuphela phezu intshumayelo kwamaxwebhu ngenxa yentlawulo, uya kukwazi ukufumana isatifikethi ubumnini bepropati.

Ukubalwa isitampu umsebenzi eBritani: Owenza loo nto?

Okumangalisayo kukuba, kweli lizwe akukho amaziko ezikhethekileyo ejongene ekubaleni kunye nokulawulwa nokuhlawulwa isitampu umsebenzi. Lo msebenzi unikwe British ngokwabo. Inyaniso kukuba transactions kudla ngokuba bonke real estate ngamagqwetha ababandakanyekayo. Isixa-mali ntlawulo nje inxalenye ekubaleni irhafu, Ukuba kunjalo usebenzisa sokubala okhethekileyo.

Ngokomthetho, kufuneka ahlawule umsebenzi nesitampu ukuya kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu emva kokuba deal ungena force. Ngalo naluphi na usuku banikwe British unako ukuhlawula isixa esifunekayo uze ufumane isiqinisekiso esiqinisekisa ubunini elide-elindelwe kwipropati. Okwangoku phantsi ingqalelo i ufakelo lwezilungiso Zempahla Act. Umhla obekiweyo ukuhlawula irhafu aya kuncitshiswa abe kwiiveki ezimbini. Imihla iinkampani nabantu ziyafana, kodwa irhafu yequmrhu sibalwa ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.