Fleet Marine. Russian lwaphela

Ngawo onke amaxesha, imfazwe wayengomnye kwiinkalo eziphambili zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Kakade ke, imiphumo yaso ubusoloko embi kakhulu, kunjalo kwindawo zentlalo oko wayekuthanda kakhulu zithandwa. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kusetyenziswa imfazwe kunokwenzeka ukuba afumane ilizwe, amandla, izibonelelo, njalo njalo. N. Ukongeza, encediswa amanyathelo yomkhosi ukusombulula iingxabano ezininzi ngamazwe kwezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, umzabalazo wezigalo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi lwentlalo.

Ukutyhubela imbali, uluntu iphuculwe izakhono entsimini lobugcisa bokulwa. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni imigaqo eqhelekileyo imikhosi isakhiwo, basetyenziswa namhlanje. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, zonke semkhosini naliphi na ilizwe wahlulwe amacandelo amathathu: elwandle, umhlaba kunye nomoya. Kweli nqaku umbhali ongathanda ukuthetha malunga Navy ye-Russian Federation, emi kungokunje indawo ebalulekileyo ukalisho ehlabathini ezi amajoni.

Yintoni Navy?

Namhlanje eRashiya kukho inani elikhulu leeyunithi emkhosini, ezahlukileyo kwindalo, iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho kakhulu ngumbuzo ubhalo; yintoni na Navy Marine? Enkabeni yalo yinxalenye yale imikhosi aselwandle yokuba imele ezobuRhulumente, kule meko Russian Federation. Eli candelo wohlulwe izinto ezimbini eziphambili: ngamanzi kunye kwamanzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani elikhulu izithethe kunye awohluke yale Ukwakheka kubangelwa ubukhulu becala kuphuhliso lobudlelwane lwaselwandle iimpawu zommandla eli lizwe. Russian Federation kulo mba sele kakhulu imbali ende kuphuhliso imikhosi zaselwandle wamajoni, njengoko iya kuchazwe ngezantsi.

Fleet of the Empire Russian

Russian Imperial Fleet eyayikho kwisithuba ukususela 1721 ukuya 1917. Ngeli xesha, ukuyilwa wathabatha inxaxheba ezininzi amadabi elwandle. Ukongeza, imikhumbi Imperial uba umgangatho ophezulu woqeqesho ukulwa kunye nokusebenza emfazweni phezu kwamanzi.

Abameli yokuqala ukuyilwa entendelezo ajikelezileyo aba kwakhelwa imisebenzi ukulwa kwi-sikhokelo Northern War. Neziseko ezingundoqo kulawulo komlawuli wezithuthi ngeli xesha Kronstadt, Revel, Abo kunye Helsingfors. Ekuqaleni kuka 1745, imikhosi Imperial uHlanga ulwandle namajoni angama-130 iinqanawa, 36 yomgama kunye frigates 9 kunye nezinye iintlobo iimpahla. Ubenesinqanawa yoBukhosi baseRashiya waphila sisekelo okhethekileyo.

Xa kwimbali Imperial Navy, zininzi Ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ezifana Admiral Nakhimov. Le ndoda ubuqhawe eziBekekileyo kunye nokwakhiwa ofanelekileyo wokhuselo Committe ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni of Sevastopol ngo-1854-1855 '. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Admiral Nakhimov na luphawu ongamiselwanga le zezithuthi Russian.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuyilwa esetyenziswa kwiimfazwe iCrimea-Russian kunye Japanese. Ukongeza, isigaba sokugqibela nophuhliso marine Imperial lwaphela inxaxheba kwakhe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

I Soviet Navy

imikhosi yamajoni eSoviet Union, ezisekelwe phezu kolwandle, wayekho ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1992. Eyona njongo iphambili yale nqanawa ukuba ukukhusela imida yelizwe yokulwa imfazwe ngokuchasene ndlongo yangaphandle. Isakhiwo ibe ukuyilwa yeeyunithi ngwenya, eyama aselwandle, iinqanawa komhlaba, enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula amajoni, kunye afohlela. Umyalelo eveliswe evela Navy kwikomkhulu, ibekwe kwisixeko eMoscow. Ngexesha ukhona, kwizithuthi inxaxheba kakhulu elikhulu-impi emkhosini - yeSibini World War.

Ekupheleni kwale 80s njengenxalenye lokusekwa yaba inani ilandelayo zobugcisa: 160 iinqanawa kumphezulu, 113 ngwenya, 83 enomjukujelwa, kwakunye malunga 12 kwenkulungwane ye-Marine Corps. Kwincopho yophuhliso layo, i-USSR Navy waba ngo-1985. Ngeli xesha ke wathatha indawo yesibini inani leenqanawa, emva eUnited States.

umsebenzi lwezithuthi langoku ixesha

Namhlanje Navy of the Russian Federation yenye izinto eziphambili semkhosini karhulumente. Ngako oko, ayifiki ngqo ukufezekiswa iinjongo ezithile endalweni:

- a ekulondolozeni ebanzi nayiphi ukusetyenziswa imikhosi exhobileyo elwandle;

- ukhuselo-time kwenene imida karhulumente, kwakunye inkululeko Russian Federation kwiinkalo kwizoni kwezoqoqosho kunye shelf lizwekazi ;

- ukhuseleko ekuphumezeni imisebenzi yezoqoqosho zaselwandle kummandla nohlobo olwandle;

- ukuqinisekisa nokugcina bandile Russian ubukho ngumkhosi elwandle;

- inxaxheba uxolo kunye zomkhosi imisebenzi, ukuba zanelisa iimfuno ze-Russian Federation;

Njengoko ubona, i Navy Marine Russia kakhulu spectrum ezibanzi imisebenzi ephambili ukuba iphunyezwe yonke.

Ubume Navy of the Russian Federation

Fleet RF baselwandle na isakhiwo eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwale ndlela imisebenzi zomkhosi emanzini. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isakhiwo Navy kukho inani elikhulu leeyunithi, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, afakwa iqela lemisebenzi ngendlela ethile. Fleet Marine Russia ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. imikhosi Surface, ezibandakanya units ezisetyenziswa iindlela umsebenzi ngaphezulu, okt iinqanawa.

2. Force ngwenya.

3. Into yesithathu moya yomkhosi nto leyo, yahlulahlulwe ibe ziiyunithi ezincinane zesakhiwo.

4. Imikhosi nature konxweme ezinxulumene wenqanawa.

Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ngamnye amacandelo amelweyo owenza umsebenzi ngayo le ngxaki ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza Navy ngokubanzi.

ukusetyenziswa ekujongwe komhlaba kunye inkwili imikhosi

Njengoko unokuthelekelela, imikhosi eziyintloko Russian lwaphela lasi komhlaba kunye ngwenya. Bayaqonda ukuba iinjongo eziphambili kule nxalenye imikhosi exhobileyo. Kodwa isakhiwo nesinqanawa iiyunithi komhlaba kunye inkwili Russian Federation nokuphumeza inani iimpawu zayo ezithile. Umzekelo, uhlobo yokuqala kwingxelo jikelele kusetyenziswa:

- ukufihla emhlabeni, kwakunye kokufuduswa kwayo kwinqanaba indiza ngobungxamo kwindawo;

- ukukhuselwa imingcele karhulumente;

- ukusekwa entanglements min;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi leeyunithi kwamanzi.

Okwesibini, akukho ngaphantsi kubaluleke beeyunithi yayo kucikizeko Navy ye-Russian Federation ke ukubunjwa kwamanzi. umsebenzi wabo engundoqo Ukuhlolwa yolwandle loxolo, ngokunjalo umonakalo amanzi emhlabeni ekujoliswe emfazweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba indlela ephambili nokwakhiwa kweeyunithi kwamanzi zezi ngwenya zenyukliya. Bona bexhobe izixhobo kakhulu ngokwaneleyo, ezizezi imijukujelwa ballistic kunye babheke uhlobo.

ukundiza yomkhosi

Kuba abantu abaninzi, ubukho Aviation ubhalo emanzini na into engaziwayo. Abantu abaninzi siphambanise eli candelo nangengalo eyahlukileyo inkonzo, nto leyo impazamo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imikhosi exhobileyo zibandakanya umkhosi, weenqanawa kunye eyama emkhosini. Kulo kuqhekeka igama elifanayo kwi isakhiwo Navy akunanto yakwenza element yokugqibela RF Armed Forces. moya Marine has emininzi imisebenzi iimpawu asebenzayo, umzekelo:

- ukulwa imikhosi emanzini alo utshaba;

- Ukuqonda zokuhlaselwa ekujoliswe utshaba eselunxwemeni-based;

- zibonakalisa zogwayimbo moya.

Ngoko ke, lo eyama aselwandle i iyunithi eyodwa wamisa ukuphumeza imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwimisebenzi Navy kaThixo.

Iimpawu ze-Marine Corps

History of the Navy ibisoloko ezingenakwahlulwa kunye amaqela nophuhliso Marine. Formation sibhekiselele imikhosi isakhiwo unxweme. Enyanisweni, le yunithi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa nezenzo ukulwa bubunjani emhlabeni yolwandle. Marine Corps ayaziwa ebudeni bolawulo uPetros Omkhulu. Ngaloo mihla inani leeyunithi ibe malunga nama-20 amawaka abasebenzi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le inkomba kwi 8000 abantu, nto leyo athunyelwa amaqela ezine eziphambili. Eyona njongo iphambili yale uMarines ngumsebenzi kokwehla, oko kukuthi, elifutshane drop-off ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, kwakunye nokukhuselwa kwezibonelelo lonxweme kunye umphezulu izithuthi ezithile.

Amaqela Basic lwaphela

IFlegi aselwandle fleet akakwazi ukubona lonke ngurhulumente. Forces neendlela iziqalelo ze imikhosi exhobileyo ziya kuthunyelwa ngokungqinelana yentswelo kwebhola. Ngamafutshane, amaqela eziphambili ibekwe kwiindawo apho Russian Federation i akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, inkalo ebalulekileyo kulo lonke Russian lwaphela yahlulwe maqela alandelayo ezahlukeneyo:

1. I-Northern Fleet isekelwe kuLwandle White ziko lomkhosi kwisixeko Severodvinsk. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukukhusela umdla lwengingqi Russian Federation kwinxalenye homonymous yehlabathi.

2. I-Pacific Fleet lusekelwe ikakhulu empumalanga weRashiya, kwizixeko ezifana Vladivostok, iDanube, Sovetskaya Gavan.

3. Baltic Iqela zibekwe kufutshane nekomkhulu lenkcubeko eRashiya, eSt Petersburg. Indawo bazirovki ayikho lesikhumbuzo kangako zembali. Kule meko sithetha ngayo Kronstadt.

4. fleet lweCaspian esekelwe Astrakhan kunye Kaspijsk.

5. Ngokumalunga iqela kuLwandle Black, lisekelwe kule ndawo elwandle efanayo. Oku elise kwintsimi izithuthi ngaphambili awakho Ukraine Sevastopol. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iqela unalo ebalulekileyo ngokwaneleyo Navy ixabiso kwebhola. Injongo yalo esentloko kukuba ukukhusela umdla eRashiya kuLwandle Black lweMeditera. Sea Black Fleet Commander ukuba namhlanje - Admiral uAleksandr Viktorovich Vitko.

Le Umfuziselo kunye iflegi Navy of the Russian Federation

Russian lwaphela umqondiso yonke imibuzo emininzi kunye neembambano. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isimboli eziyintloko kwizithuthi namhlanje iflegi wayo. It elibhalwe ngokumileyo cross eSt Andrew kaThixo iyaboniswa. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba ubuntu kuyinto twatse iflegi Scotland. Banner Navy liye laba uphawu ngo-2001.

Russian lwaphela imifanekiso kwakhona inentsingiselo okhethekileyo lokomfuziselo. It is a eagle istampu segolide, imvelaphi awela zezikhonkwane. Le ngumfuziselo Russian lwaphela waziwa kwaye asetyenziswe onke amaqela achaphazelekayo imikhosi exhobileyo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siye sazama ingqalelo zonke iinkalo kunye neempawu Navy ye-Russian Federation. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nxalenye imikhosi exhobileyo yenye yezinto kakhulu ehlabathini, nto leyo ibonisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla Russian emkhosini ngokubanzi.