Xa yaye kutheni kwakukho uSuku lweHlabathi nxamnye Ukunganyaniseki?

Society ibisoloko wabhekisela iindlela ezimbini urhwaphilizo. Kodwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, yonke into yatshintsha kakhulu. Amazwi ephambili iinguqu zobunene aseNtshona yaba kukuba izixhobo urhulumente unako khona kuphela ukuze kuxhamle abantu phantsi kwakhe. Ngoko ke, abalawulwa 'ondle' urhulumente ngenxa nokuthobela imithetho amagosa. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho yamkelwa ngo-1787 mthetho US, esamkela isicengo lityala elibi apho nkqu umongameli kungenziwa impeached. Abantu abaninzi baye babonisa umnqweno wabo ukuba ixesha ukwenziwa kwalo mthetho, umhla uSuku World of ekulweni urhwaphilizo kunye lokuba mandiyibhiyozele qho ngonyaka. Kodwa ke urhulumente ayikuxhasi oku edluliselwa kazwelonke.

Society liya kuchatshazelwa umgangatho nemisebenzi tipolitiki. Ngenxa kuqhinwe yommiselo karhulumente kunye namaqela inkxalabo ephawulekayo ugqaliselo lwabameli leyelenqe yoshishino enkulu kunye nabaphetheyo kwezopolitiko. Amagosa uyayiqonda imfuneko zinokuququzela imisebenzi yokulwa urhwaphilizo. yonke le nto, kodwa ihlala kwinqanaba ingxoxo.

Kwakhona imbali ukonakala ngenxa ngokubhekiselelwe yonxulumano koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Zamazwe engena kwizivumelwano kunye nabathengi bangaphandle, yi esemthethweni ukuquka iindleko "izipho" kwi iindleko yezingxoxo.

amatyala eziphawulekayo

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-International Usuku Anti-Corruption eMelika ephendula scandal ezibandakanya ezaziwayo-kakuhle inkampani "Lockheed". Kuba intengiso moya yayo, ababengengabo kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu, kwanika kunyotywa ezinkulu kumagosa nabezopolitiko eJapan, Germany kunye namanye amazwe. Malunga ukususela kwixesha abantu baqalisa ukucinga oku phezu iingxaki zehlabathi ethintela uphuhliso yobudlelwane bezizwe.

Akukho kakhulu kangako yimizekelo orhwaphilizo kumazwe post-yobukomanisi kwi-90 ukwaphulwa, xa kukutshintshatshintsha kwalo mmangaliso onokufaniswa imeko kumazwe asakhasayo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, kukho imeko ngamazwi xa umntu omnye wayebambe izikhundla ezibalulekileyo kwindawo zorhwebo kunye noluntu amacandelo. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso amagosa yayikukwaphula umthetho ingabe kuphela izicengo, kodwa ngokukhusela izilangazelelo yayo yorhwebo.

ububi ehlabathini

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uluntu ihlabathi lifikelele kwisigqibo sokuba inkohlakalo - kubi, laphuma akukho mntu mnye, iqela labantu okanye urhulumente eyahlukileyo, nakwihlabathi jikelele. Le mbono ayakhekanga ukusuka ekuqaleni. Isizathu lonke ukunyoba elikhulukazi kwiimbumba amagosa aphezulu aphesheya. Urhwaphilizo kumoshe uphuhliso kumazwe amaninzi, echaphazela kakubi kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Kule meko, apho le meko lifikelele nqanaba liphezulu, andiyitsibanga kuphelele World Okwesithathu: Kwiminyaka 90 kumazwe zangaphambili yali, inkqubo yinkululeko sakhatshwa kakubi nanto igunya. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, ezinye States baye bagqiba ukuba ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye norhwaphilizo yinto ephambili-nkqubo zabo zasekhaya. Ngena ku.

"1995 - unyaka ukonakala"

Oku abafundi Isihloko wabona umba Year New of "Times Financial" iphephandaba ekwiphepha elingaphambili. Kwinqaku, US iinkampani-angaphandle bakhalazele ukuba balahlekelwe izivumelwano ezinkulu ngenxa imithetho zasemzini ukuvimba onika izinyobo kumagosa yamanye amazwe. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kumazwe amaninzi OSCE izinyobo kumaqabane amazwe ukuba zivaliwe kwaye nkqu nokuba esitsaliweyo ukulungiselela iinjongo irhafu. Umzekelo, iinkampani aseJamani babechitha ngayo malunga $ 5.5 yezigidi zezigidi. Ngonyaka. Ukutshintsha meko, amanye amagosa yaseYurophu wayede ukulungiselela ukuxhasa ukulwa urhwaphilizo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni safika isisombululo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kakuhle. Ekupheleni kuka-1997, onke amazwe OSCE bayisayinile le "Convention on ekulweni ukunyoba abantu basemzini kwimisebenzi ngamazwe." Nje

uqhagamshelo UN

Ngo-2003 kwakukho ngesiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali urhwaphilizo. Ngenxa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo umba ukulwa le meko wafakwa ibe kumgangatho ngamazwe. NgoNovemba, inyanga, iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamkela "yeZizwe eziManyeneyo Convention nxamnye Corruption". Olu xwebhu kwavuleka utyikityo-9 Disemba 2003 kwidolophu encinane Mérida (Mexico). Ngokutsho inyathelo UN, wathi mhla ezazisiweyo Usuku Anti-Corruption International. States aye wavuma ukuba basayine Convention, wavuma ukuba ngendlela imali, nokutyiwa kweemali mali, kunye ukunyoba - lityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ke kaloku omnye nezibonelelo xwebhu afundeka ngolu hlobo: "Le mali kufuneka zibuyiselwe ilizwe ukusuka apho beza ngenxa izenzo zorhwaphilizo." IRussia yasayina Convention omnye kuqala.

kweminyaka elishumi kamva

Disemba 9, 2013 iye yaluphumelela International Anti-Corruption Day elandelayo, yaye kanye neminyaka elishumi ukususela ukusayinwa i-Convention UN. Okwangoku, eli xwebhu luqulethe iisiginitsha kumazwe 140. amazwe 80 beqhuba i Convention. Phakathi kwabo, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, eRashiya, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan Ukraine. Kule ntlanganiso yokugqibela, lo gama i "Big imashumi" konke kufakwa kwilizwe lakhe wathembisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa i-Convention UN.

isiphelo

Ngo-2013, phambi kokuba wadlula USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe wokulwa norhwaphilizo, i-Bank yeHlabathi epapashwe data yayo zemali ebonisa ubungakanani isenzeko emhlabeni wonke. Kumazwe asakhasayo, imali yabo ku-20 ukuya kuma-40 ezigidi. Eerandi ngonyaka.

Ngokutsho "kwiKomiti Anti-mthetho, i imali yonyaka imarike urhwaphilizo Russian imalunga 300 billion. Idola. Ngowe-2003, ebudeni ukusayinwa weNkomfa, eli nani laba amaxesha ukuya ku-100 ezincinane. Yiloo nto ke ifuthe kolu xwebhu kwi ukusasazwa abonakele cash flow uvuliwe. Kwaye akubonakali ukunceda apha ezinye amanyathelo eyongezelelweyo. Nokuba ufaka i mali lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze alwe urhwaphilizo, isiphumo malunga efanayo.