Yintoni na le sixeko sikhulu aseFenike?

IFenike unendima ebalulekileyo yamandulo. Le meko Wasolula eYiputa eMesopotamiya, kuba lula ukufikelela elunxwemeni empuma yoLwandle iMeditera. Abemi beli lizwe bakwazi ukuyila impucuko ephuhliswe kakhulu kunye yobugcisa, inkcubeko abazizityebi kunye norhwebo emanzini. AmaFenike ngokubhala yenye omdala ibhalwe kwimbali yabantu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ubukhulu becala nempembelelo ukuyilwa oonobumba zamaGrike. impucuko bade yaseFenike yenzeka kule minyaka 1200-800 BC.

Esi sixeko sikhulu aseFenike

Loo nkcazelo linokusetyenziswa kumaziko eziliqela obalulekileyo kunxweme lweMeditera yamandulo. Kuba ixesha elide ubukho impucuko izixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zafikelela nempumelelo engazange ibonwe kwaye ukuhla. Ngoko ke, lo mzi yaseFenike ngobukhulu kwisithuba ngaphambili - yi eTsidon. kamva ubuKristu yi eTire ngakumbi iBhayibhile.

eTsidon

imfuyo yabo namandla alo mzi samandulo yaseFenike, njengabanye impucuko kwakufuneka unxibelelwano olubanzi zorhwebo kunye norhwebo esebenzayo lwaselwandle. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, nakwiTsidon kwisigaba esithile neziko ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lamandulo kwezinye wobugcisa. Umzekelo, iglasi iveliswa, kwakunye ipeyinti ebomvu, yaye kamva ifikelele eliphezulu ekubunjweni ngobhedu kunye nokwenziwa nezacholo. Sele XV-XIV kwiinkulungwane Sidon neziko ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko.

Byblos

Uye kwaziwa ukususela IV nkulungwane BC. Noko ke, nokugqama yokwenene iziko yaqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane II, kwaqhubeka de ukudliwa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Nguwo lowo umzi inkulu yaseFenike iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo tsariweke eBibeleni ekuthiwa apho Gebalom. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba le ethekwini Mandulo Greece olurhwetywe yeengcongolo, kutheni kwi kwihlabathi lamandulo, igama "Byblos", nto leyo, nayo, lelona gama idumileyo ehlabathini le ncwadi.

Esi sixeko sikhulu le mpucuko yamaFenike baphelela

NgamaFenike, amaGrike, yaye kamva nje ixakeke kakhulu ukwandisa ubukho yayo kwiMeditera ngokusebenzisa kwisiseko mhlathi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezinye izixeko zaseFenike yaqala yokuhlala yobukoloniyali kude evela kwilizwe kunina, ekugqibeleni wajika bona enamandla umzi-karhulumente. Eyona idumileyo kwezi Carthage. Ummangali kakhulu ufanelwe eRoma ezakhokelela eside Punic War e III-II kwiinkulungwane BC. Esi sixeko yasekwa bezithanga ukusuka uhlobo ekupheleni BC ngenkulungwane IX. Emva ekucutheni kakhulu impembelelo yayo bangaphambili xhaxhe LwamaFenike Carthage kunokwenzeka ukuba indibaniselwano ngokwabo izolo amathanga zaseFenike. Sele BC ngenkulungwane III, yaba imfundo karhulumente enkulu kulo lonke entshonalanga lweMeditera. Yena subordinated ku North Afrika, eSisili, eSardinia, Corsica, Southern Spain. Noko ke, Carthage senze iqela andikulingene ukuba bona ebusweni Roman Republic oselula. Uthotho ngeemfazwe ezinamazinga ahlukile empumelelo faka isiphelo kakubi amaFenike kule yokugqibela lweMeditera.