Yintoni inkqubo yerhafu ingasetyenziswa IP: USN, UAT, OCHO patent

Namhlanje, thina kunye nawe uku bana phandle uhlobo inkqubo yerhafu ukusebenzisa oko IP. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kuhle ukuqonda ukuba yintoni imeko ifanele kumashishini esebenzayo imicimbi yabo ukuze nabo. Ngokubanzi, umbuzo ishishini zinxulumene kakhulu irhafu. Kuxhomekeka umsebenzi wenu, iya kuzuza lukhulu ulungelelwaniso ethile. Kodwa xa kusenziwa Kubonakala ukuba omnye iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo. Kutheni? Ntoni? Konke oku ku. Andiqondi ukuba kulula kakhulu ukuba ukukhetha. Kwaye ke inguqu ukusuka kwinkqubo omnye komnye, ngendlela efanayo njengoko ubhaliso ngamnye njengosomashishini kufuneka iimeko ezithile kunye neenkqubo. Nabo kufuneka ufumanise. Mhlawumbi awukwazi ukhethe ezinye i inkqubo irhafu ngokwakho!

esinzima

Ngokubanzi, umba irhafu eRashiya ibhityile kakhulu. Zidlala indima enkulu nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kwaye xa uthe wagqiba ukuba uqale ishishini lakho, kufuneka ucinge nzulu malunga nendlela kusetyenziswa inkqubo yerhafu PIs. Inika uluhlu iinketho. Phambi kokuba wenze kuyilo ishishini kufuneka ichazwe ncam umbuzo irhafu. Yinto enokwenzeka nasemva, kodwa ukuba umnyamekelayo nto kwangaphambili, uya kuthatyathwa ezininzi iingxaki kwixesha elizayo.

Hi ndlela leyi, nyaka ngamnye eRashiya ukuze IP inkqubo yokubizwa kweerhafu kukunyamezela utshintsho, kwaye zincediswe ezinye iinketho ezikhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuba isandula ukuqaliswa patents. Le nkqubo entsha, leyo ngoku kwemfuno enkulu kwezinye iimeko. Okunye ngayo kamva. Kunjalo, uyazi - ukukhetha inkqubo ukuhlawula irhafu sikuwe. Yena elula ukuze kubonakala. Cingisisa nzulu kunye neengozi kwinkqubo nganye, uze emva koko kuphela isicelo amaxwebhu SP (registration).

ongakhetha

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le meko kakhulu kunene. Ucinga ukuba inkqubo yerhafu Angasebenzisa IP? Ukunyaniseka, lo mbuzo kunzima. Ukuba ngaba uye kungena iinkcukacha kunye ubuqili umbuzo, impendulo kunokuba lula yaye kungekho naziphi na iingxaki - na.

Ngamanye amagama, usomashishini osakhasayo ngamnye unelungelo elipheleleyo lokuba inkululeko yokuzikhethela kwenkqubo kweerhafu emnyango kule nkampani. Okanye nangaliphi na ixesha emva kokuba ubhaliso amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. khona iintsilelo, kodwa azikho Kubalulekile ukuba practice. Ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba ngoku njengoko wenza oosomashishini abaninzi.

Ke luhlobo luni inkqubo yerhafu ungasebenzisa IP? Kutshanje, uluhlu lweenketho liye landa. Kaloku enye yezi nkqubo kungaba ukhethe eRashiya:

• iyonke (OCHO);
• lula (USN, "irhafu lula");
• patent;
• irhafu kwi kwingeniso singabalelwa mntwini (UTII "vmenenka");
• irhafu wezolimo owodwa (ebizwa ngokuba UAT).

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ulungelelwaniso nganye eziluncedo zabo nezingalunganga. Ezinye iinketho zifakwa mkhuba bavame ngakumbi. Kodwa yintoni na ukuyeka? Ziziphi iimpawu zidweliswe iintlobo ngemixokomelwano yerhafu ye IP? Kwezinye iimeko, kubhetele ukuqala ishishini kwabanye sikim? Oko kuya kuthatha?

Le nkqubo iyonke

Masiqalise nombono kakhulu ezicacileyo kunye eqhelekileyo. Eyona nto kukuba inkqubo irhafu iyonke osomashishini ngamnye - nto kwicala engundoqo, okwenzeka practice. Njengomthetho jikelele, ukuba wena akunguye kuvulo yeshishini musa ukucacisa nayiphi na inkqubo eyodwa, ngoko "emiselweyo", zonke izibalo kunye urhulumente uza kuqhubeka OCHO. Enyanisweni, omnye ukhetho elungileyo ukuze imisebenzi ezininzi. Akukho mfuneko yokuba siphinde sijonge nezo yoyilo, ngokunjalo bejonge umsebenzi wakho. Le nkqubo iyonke, enyanisweni, akukho nezithintelo. Oko kukuthi, nawuphi na umrhwebi uyakwazi ukuvula ishishini lakhe kwaye ukuba eli cebo ukusebenza lonke ixesha.

Ziziphi iingenelo neengozi zisekhusini? Ukuba ucinga, njani inkqubo yerhafu angasebenzisa IP, waza wagqiba ukuba imilo ngokungqinelana jikelele, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezininzi. Phakathi iingenelo - ukunqongophala ebuhlungu ngenxa kulandwa amaxwebhu afunekayo xa uvula ishishini, kwaye akukho miqobo uhlobo lomsebenzi. Oku abaninzi akuthandayo.

nalapha kuqaqambisa mali irhafu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba oosomashishini ngamnye kokuba imisiwe inkulu kakhulu, wazimisa - 13% yengeniso. Kuba imibutho imiselwe ku "ngumcu" ngo-20% yemali yakho.

lobubi OCHO

Asingabo bonke inzuzo kule khetho. Ukuba ipropati, irhafu kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ngawo. Ewe, kwaye kukho ekuthiwa-VAT - intlawulo, kufuneka bavelise bathengisa impahla kunye neenkonzo. Kungoku imiselwe ku "nomtya" kwi-18%. Oko kukuthi, OCHO bachitha ngaphezulu kwe ngokwaneleyo. Maxa wambi nkqu nosizi, aziyi kukunceda.

Ukongeza, ingxelo kufuneka hlala incwadi irekhodi okhethekileyo. oosomashishini ngabanye, abasebenza kwi OCHO kunye nexesha aludibanisi uxwebhu olufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka iingxaki ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba uthathele ingqalelo olu phawu kubalulekile xa uthe wagqiba ukuba ufumanise ukuba uhlobo inkqubo yerhafu ungasebenzisa IP, kwakunye ukhetho entle ilungile kuwe.

Hi ndlela leyi, VAT idla umzuzu ocacisa. OCHO luqhele ukusetyenziswa urhwebo lweempahla ihoseyile, kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko ukuba sijonge ezizodwa uhlobo zobalo. Baya kukuhlisela iingenelo ngaphezulu. Khumbula - Ukuba awukhankanyi xa ebeka naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo, i "emiselweyo" wena OCHO.

Vmenenka

Okulandelayo pretty ezinemali ukhetho - isicelo se ebizwa ngokuba "vmenenki". Ukuziqhelisa, kwiminyaka yakutshanje inqabile, kodwa nikholwe. Oku - werhafu esikhethekileyo SP. Imisebenzi enokwenziwa ngayo phantsi kwesi sikimu, ezibhaliswe kwi-RF Tax Code. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo calculation iyafumaneka ukuba bonke. Ngenxa yoko, nyaka ngamnye kufuneka uzibuze ukuba yintoni umsebenzi kubandakanya uvula PIs UTII.

Izinto eziluncedo yale ngobuwena iyabonakala ngeliso lenyama. "Vmenenka" ixhomekeke ishishini lakho kunye namacandelo ayo. Ipesenti ubuninzi ngeniso ngowokuba-15%. Kuxhomekeka kwisikali lweshishini lakho. Ezingafanelanga ukuba ngamnye osomashishini "ukubamba" ishishini enkulu.

Ngowe-2016, iimeko kwamkelwa ngokwendlela apho iintlawulo UTII ukuze kulungelelaniswa kwinqanaba lengingqi. Ngoko ke, ezinye misebenzi ifuna% 7.5 kuphela yenzuzo, abanye phantse kumaxesha 2 - 15%.

Nezingeloncedo nokulinganiselwa

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto ezimbi e UTII. Njengokuba kuthiwe, ithuba lokuba ukusebenza kule nkqubo ayikho kwaphela. Ngoko ke, kuya kusoloko kufuneka ukuba bakhangele umsebenzi wakho sele zifakiwe kuluhlu olungqamelanayo kwi Code Tax. Kwaye nje mzekelo, gcina i "Cwangcisa Ukusebenzisa" ntshukumo.

Kwakhona, ukuba ngaba wenza ishishini iindawo, i "vmenenka" ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa ukuba une ngaphantsi kwe-25% "zeli tyala." Kuyinto lemithetho ngeli xesha.

Yintoni inkqubo yerhafu ingasetyenziswa, SP? UTII ayifanelekile kwabo ukuvula deal enkulu. Abanalo ilungelo ukuyila le uhlobo oosomashishini ukuba ibe ingumsimelelo abantu abangaphezu kwe-100. Kungenjalo, unga zama ukusebenza kunye nenkqubo.

Hi ndlela leyi, a plus encinane, nto leyo ulibele - awukwazi ukusebenzisa irejista imali kwi izibalo. Kodwa ngoku athwale ezinye iingxelo ukho kum. Umhlawuli werhafu unelungelo apha wena ukhethe ngokwakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ugcine nje eyilwayo kunye neerisithi, maxa wambi ehamba incwadi accounting.

patents

irhafu Patent koosomashishini ngamnye ziye zaziswa kutshanje. Ukuba ibe ukutsala abantu abaninzi ukuba baqalise ishishini labo. Nje musa ukucinga ukuba olu khetho efanelekileyo. Yena, njengazo zonke ezinye zokuhlelwa, iye ubuhle nobubi bayo.

Ngokomzekelo, phakathi okulungileyo ivelele ukhululo ngokupheleleyo iintlawulo zerhafu. Yanele ukuba athenge lomenzi - kwaye unako ukusebenza kwindawo ethile ngaphandle izohlwayo emali. Yonke into efunekayo ukuze Kwimeko enjalo - incwadi eyodwa ukugcina iirekhodi, oya kufuneka kwixesha elizayo.

Okt, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza - na ukuthengwa ngqo ishishini indlela kangangexesha elithile. lulunge kakhulu wabaqalayo, le nkqubo - ukuba ithuba lokuba semthethweni loxwebhu - 1 inyanga. Uyakwazi ngokwakho zama indlela kwimeko ethile, uze emva koko ukwandisa lomenzi okanye ukuqhuba ishishini ngakumbi. Of imali Iirejista Entrepreneurs phantsi esinjalo uxolelwa. Sebenza kumgaqo 'ukuyithenga ulibale. "

Hayi ukuba wonke

Noko ke, ezisilelayo ulungelelwaniso nayo ngokwaneleyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi ebekwe izithintelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke banelungelo bathenge amalungelo abenzi kwaye basebenze ngazo. izintlu ezichanekileyo kumiselwe Code Tax, kwaye maxa wambi kukho imida kwiindawo ezithile. Kufuneka nyaka ngamnye ukuze kubongwe abasemagunyeni irhafu.

Kwakhona asikwazi kunyanzelisa ngumbutho lomenzi apho abantu abangaphezulu kwama-15. Ngaloo ingeniso yakho ngonyaka ngamnye kufuneka ngaphezu kwe-60 lezigidi. Kungenjalo, ilungelo lomenzi nje akayi kuba amandla omthetho.

Enye ethile - iindleko xwebhu. Yena ke kummandla ngamnye ngokuphathelele kwimisebenzi ethile ebekwe ngamnye. Oku zombini kakuhle kwaye kakhulu. Kodwa ke uninzi iimpawu kule ntetho ayikho ekukhanyeni ilungileyo.

UAT

Le ukhetho elandelayo ingaba - it UAT. Le rhafu akwenzeki rhoqo kakhulu phakathi ngoosomashishini. Ngoko ke, enkulu ingqalelo kuyo angafanele ngayo. Eyona nto kukuba olu khetho lukhethiwe kuphela xa kufikwa ukuvelisa nokuthengisa iimveliso zezolimo.

Kulo mzekelo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule umahluko ngohlobo 'imali-nenkcitho ". Ngokucace kakhulu, 6% ye-mali efunyenweyo. Enyanisweni, njenngoko imxinwa indlela, ungasebenzisa ngayo. Ingakumbi ukuba ingqamana ishishini lakho.

Nceda qaphela - awukwazi ukusebenzisa eli lungelo, ukuba ubungakanani zombutho (inani khoboka) ziya kudlula abantu 300. Ukuba esinjalo, UAT akunjalo. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa, olu khetho kunzima ingqalelo.

irhafu lula

OCHO kunye titsh - iintlobo ezimbini irhafu, leyo kaninzi kwenzeka ebomini. Ukuba nenkqubo efanayo, sibonile ukuba, nantsi a lula noko. Enyanisweni, le isimo sengqondo esinjalo zifunwa omkhulu mzuzu, ngoosomashishini.

Kutheni? Eyona nto kukuba lo msebenzi kwi "inkqubo yerhafu lula" Kulula kakhulu kwaye kulula. Khululeka iingxelo zemali, kodwa ulungise ngokubanzi xa kwimivuzo yabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iincwadi akhawunti eyaneleyo. Ngelo xesha kufuneka ahlawule oosomashishini enjalo irhafu enye nje - ngenxa yemali. ingxelo yonyaka, intlawulo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngo-30 Epreli.

VAT singabalelwa e USN. Le inzuzo enkulu, nto leyo emehlweni abaninzi. Ngapha koko, ubukhulu yerhafu eqhelekileyo ezisisigxina. Kokuba imisiwe ngalo mzuzu, okanye nge-6%, okanye 15%. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, nyaka ngamnye kunye "inkqubo yerhafu lula" kufuneka banike zonke 6-15% yomvuzo wakho. Kwaye, kakade, benze zonke iintlawulo zigxunyekwe kwi Pension Fund (apho kungekho mntu lixolelwe). Ngoko ke, le meko emehlweni abaninzi. IVAT USN, njengokuba kuthiwe, akukho. Kunye nabo bonke abanye "iindleko" ngokunjalo.

Phakathi iintsilelo ziyakwazi ukuchongeka kuphela ukulinganiselwa umsebenzi kunye neempawu nkqubo kwi ingeniso eliphezulu. Asinguye wonke ubani unelungelo lokusebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu lula - uluhlu ngqo lwamagama wabonakala kwingingqi yakho. Kwakhona qaphela - Ukuba une unyaka inzuzo engaphezulu kwama-300 amawaka engange, okanye ukongeza, njengoko irhafu kuya kufuneka uhlawule-1% yesixa efunyenweyo. abaphumeleli bengabalulekanga xa siqwalasela onke amancedo i "irhafu Simplified". Taxation SP (USN), xa umntu waziphatha lwamashishini abucala - kulukhetho best!

Indlela yokubhalisa

Kaloku, into yokugqibela ngoku kufuneka ukuba uyazi - ezi imithetho sobhaliso umntu njengosomashishini. Kwaye ufuna ukusebenzisa zeenkqubo yerhafu okhethekileyo. Kubonakala ukuba kwezinye iimeko, akukho kubizwa kuwe. Ukuze uvule IE, nizise kwiofisi yerhafu:

• Inn;
• Passport (kunye neekopi);
• ingxelo ngalo kuvulwa IP;
• ifomu yesicelo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo irhafu ekhethekileyo (iikopi-2);
• Ukufunyanwa intlawulo umsebenzi karhulumente (800 engange-2016).

Ngokusisiseko, kuphelele apho. Amaxwebhu ye IP ukulungele, ungenza isicelo uze ufumane isiqinisekiso sobhaliso. Kulo mzekelo, qaphela ukuba awukhankanyi nayiphi na inkqubo ekhethekileyo irhafu, lilonke kuya kukhethwa. "Irhafu lula" kufuneka sivulwe zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-30 ukususela kumhla yobhaliso (ukuba usebenzise inkqubo kulo nyaka umiyo) okanye de ngoDisemba 31, kufuneka ukuba ufake isicelo kuyo kunyaka ozayo. UTII sikhutshwe zingaphelanga iintsuku ezi-5 emva kokuqalisa umsebenzi wenu, lo mgaqo uyasebenza nezinye iinkqubo. Akukho nto kunzima ngayo. Kungcono ukukhetha ingxelo kurhulumente.

Ngoku ndiyaqonda ukuba inkqubo yerhafu Angasebenzisa IP. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba usebenzisa i-elinye (okanye iqela elincinane), kwaye andikhathali intlawulo VAT, uyacebiswa ukuba ukhethe inkqubo yerhafu lula. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo igcina werhafu ukusuka kobuxhakaxhaka kunye amaphepha.