Yintoni lubuyisela geopolymer?

Ngawo onke amaxesha, oosonzululwazi baqhuba iimvavanyo kunye amalinge, eyayiphanda umxube, edibanisa izithako yendalo neyenziweyo. Loo ababili bavunyelwe ukuba bafumane izinto kunye namaziko asebenza kwizinga eliphezulu, ukususela amasuntswana imvelaphi ngumntu uphucula onke amanani ezo zinto ukuba indalo asinike. Materials efunyenwe ngale ndlela kuthiwa edityanisiweyo okanye polymeric. One of them - eziphathekayo geopolymer, nto leyo izinto zakutshanje zokwakha nokusingqongileyo kunye ekhuselekileyo. Isimaphambili "geo" (in Greek - "umhlaba") isiqinisekiso sokuba izinto ezintsha iqulethe izithako zemvelo kuphela.

Innovative mix eziphathekayo ayikho into entsha - sele ezaziwayo umntu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ngexesha ukwakhiwa iiphiramidi eYiputa ukuba usebenzise izinto zokwakha ezifanayo. Ngelishwa, iresiphi yayo ngqo kuhlala imfihlelo kumntu mihla, kodwa ngokuqaliswa ngeteknoloji entsha, izazinzulu bakwazi ukubuyisela ukwakhiwa ilingane, ubuchule uze phantse analog efanayo, geopolymer ikhonkrithi na oko kumaxesha amandulo. Kodwa le nto kuphela isakhiwo zembali mihla sisebenza kuphela inxalenye.

Inkcazelo isisombululo ezintsha

Enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo umxube ezintsha eziphathekayo - ukuseta namandla esiphezulu ngexesha elifutshane, iqine ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kwakufuneka iveki kuphela, ngoxa isisombululo zemveli ngenxa lo kanye 4 ixesha elide.

Geopolymer eziphathekayo njengoko Portland isamente, ebandakanya amacandelo eziliqela, kodwa ukwakhiwa utshintshatshintsha kakhulu. Isisombululo omtsha ibandakanya ikakhulu ash kunye zeBlack - amanxuwa mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphambili, inkunkuma enjalo luyasetyenzwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zingcolise kuphela okusingqongileyo. Kakade ke, umba izinto ezintsha akayi kusombulula ngokukhawuleza ngxaki, kodwa ke uthuthu zeBlack aya kuba ngumthombo ezibalulekileyo zempahla ekrwada ngenxa yezandla zabo.

Izinto eziluncedo ze usebenzise

Ngokutsho kweengcali, lo eziphathekayo geopolymer - imveliso kunye nekamva eliqaqambileyo: ngokungafaniyo ePortland ndaqina lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni zokwakha ezilula. Kodwa loo nto zonke; kwi iimpawu zazo teplosohranyayuschim umxube omtsha eziphathekayo mkhulu kakhulu kwezinye izinto zokwakha, ezisetyenziswa xa ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo. Umzekelo, Ebubanzini bodonga yale geopolymer 30 kuphela cm ukugcina ubushushu kwakunye ngezitena, kodwa ubukhulu ka-1.25 m.

Ngako oko, isicelo nolwakhiwo isisombululo ezintsha, ungagcina eninzi imali:

1. Unako ukwakha izakhiwo kunye nezinto ezimbalwa.
2. Ngenxa conductivity eliphantsi wobushushu zezixhobo zokwakha geopolymer ukunciphisa iindleko zokufudumeza isithuba kuyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngokutsho iingcaphephe eziphathekayo geopolymer yindawo yokwakha kwikamva ukusukela ukuba uneempawu ukusebenza kakuhle, ezifana:

1. shrinkage Low.
2. amandla High compressive.
3. Ukumelana asidi.
4. permeability Low. Eli zinga phantse ulingana kwizalathisi lenyengane efanayo.
5. ukumelana Zintle kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu - up to + 1300 °. Izazinzulu wenza uphando imizuzu 120 yaba kwiphaneli geopolymer eziphathekayo kunye Portland isamente ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Emva koko, lo imveliso umxube ezintsha bahlala bunjalo ngokupheleleyo, lo gama ngemivalo ePortland ndafumana ezininzi neentanda kunye neetshiphusi.

Kodwa ke ngumsebenzi omninzi exabisekileyo isisombululo siya kuqwalaselwa kukuba sokunikela ubuncinane greenhouse gases.

Ukuba sithelekisa isakhiwo izinto ezintsha zokwakha, kufana ukuba ngamatye zendalo, wenjenje iipropati ngaphezulu izisombululo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - kunokuqulunqwa geopolymer eziphathekayo ngezandla zabo, njengoko akukho nzima. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukulungiselela amacandelo afunekayo.

Le peculiarity ye nokwakheka

Ukuqulunqwa ilula, kwaye amacandelo - ekhoyo: nothuthu, amanzi, potassium hayidroksayidi, iglasi yamanzi kunye zeBlack. Le nto yokugqibela iyafuneka ukuze amandla ixesha elide. Kodwa yedwa awukwazi ukukhusela imveliso ogqityiweyo ukusuka neentanda ukuba kukho ukungavisisani phakathi shrinkage. Oku kushenxisa engxakini lobukho nothuthu. Ngaphezu koko, omabini amacandelo ukomeleza umxube eziphathekayo, yaye uyakwazi ukumelana naziphi na izinto ezimbi.

Kutheni ash? Ngenxa yokuba nkqu ngokwawo, eli candelo has a iipropati eliphezulu emzimbeni nakwezobugcisa, ngoko intshayelelo yayo ekwakhiweni inceda ukuphucula iimpawu amandla lwemveliso ogqityiweyo (ukuya kwinqanaba lenyengane).

Kwakhona zijolise ekwandiseni amandla zokwakha zibandakanyiwe kule silicates aluminium. Benza kunye kwealkali kwi indlela, ngaba polymerized. Oku velisa dwala esiqinileyo. Yile amacandelo basabela wanika yokukhawulezisa ukuvela kwelinye igama eziphathekayo - ibizwa shlakoshchelochnyh umxube eziphathekayo.

Isiqalo

, Kufuneka ulungiselele phambi kokuba uqalise:

1. Umthamo.
2. Tools.
3. Clothing.
4. Ngomshini.
5. Points.
6. Iiglavu.
7. Scales ukuba ukuqapha ngokomlinganiselo.
8. Shuttering okanye lokuqulunqa, apho ndiya kumphosa isisombululo lilungile.

Kwinkcukacha ebalulekileyo: ukuba aziphazamise kufuneka uthathe maliwe kukho umbandela oza kuba zisenokuxabana alkalis. Bekuya kuba sisixhobo kakuhle ngaphandle ngomthi.

Okubalulekileyo: izakhi ukuxuba sinokwenziwa shushu, ngoko baxube kufuneka athathe container ukumelana kwamaqondo eziphakamileyo. Ukuba ufuna isisombululo Khawuleza bhuxe, sinokuhlahl electrolytes kwi formwork. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka uzilungiselele kwangaphambili.

iresiphi for

Yezandla, ngubani wagqiba ukwenza eziphathekayo geopolymer ngezandla zabo, banomdla ekwakhiweni ngqo lo mxube. Kwi web akukho iresiphi nilungile, kuba abalimi ugcine ngasese, yaye izazinzulu aqhubeke esebenzela ukuphucula izinto ezintsha zokwakha. Ungafumana iindidi ezininzi iresiphi, kodwa ekuqaleni ecetywayo yi isakhiwo esisiseko iye zahlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo.

Emva kwayo, eyimveliso sisombululo geopolymer 1,0 l ukulungiselela:

• 550 g iimpukane uthuthu zeBlack enkulu;
• amanzi 110 g;
• 240 g iglasi yamanzi;
• 180 g ye-45% Koh.

Onke la macandelo athotyiweyo, kwaye liyafumaneka ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki. Kakade ke, ixabiso ifunyenwe kwi imveliso abasiphelo siya kuba ngaphezu analogue of Portland lwesamente zesiqhelo, kodwa amandla abo kunathi izinto eziphathekayo.

Ubuchwepheshe kulungiselelwa

Ukuba unayo onke amacandelo ayimfuneko kunye nezixhobo, kwaye uyakwazi uzilungiselele geopolymer eziphathekayo. Ithekhnoloji into elula ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kufuneka nje ukuba zilandele ngqo zonke iingcebiso:

1. Kwelo gumbi apho umsebenzi wenziwe, kufuneka ube ukufuma ephantsi potassium hayidroksayidi ayikho "wahamba". Ngenxa yokuba kule nxalenye hayidroksayidi ngokuqhelekileyo decompressed nje phambi kokuba abeke ibe isisombululo.
2. Koh zizixhobo ndlongondlongo ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ukusebenza nabo kuyimfuneko, esebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela - iiglavu kunye izibuko.
3. iglasi ulwelo nayo kuthathwa non-hygroscopic enobundlobongela - naye ukuba abe ngaphantsi balumke.
4. Wonke umsebenzi lo gama axovula kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba usebenzisa Umxhubi eziphathekayo, kuya kusebenza kolu luhlu lulandelayo:

1. Ugalele amanzi. Sebenzisa ulwelo ebandayo ngeke - oku kufuneka kube kufudumele.
2. Ukufunxa zeBlack nothuthu.
3. Xa zonke ixubene kakuhle, fakela ipholima.
4. Xuba kwakhona de isisombululo efanayo.
5. Galela lo mxube ngumngundo.

Kwinkcukacha ebalulekileyo: uthuthu impukane into owayedume ngokwanelisayo ezingaqondakaliyo zokusingqongileyo, kodwa ngenxa ukusetyenziswa kwayo somxube eziphathekayo uba amandla enkulu, egcina ixesha elide kakhulu. Ngoko ke ukuba kubalulekile ukufumana izinto ezomeleleyo, ungasebenzisa uthuthu, kodwa ukuba ebalulekileyo eziphilayo, ash ingathatha ngaphantsi, yaye inxalenye yayo kufakwe lwesamente.

ekubu-

Ukwenza iinkcukacha ubukhulu ezifunwayo kunye imilo, ungasebenzisa i istili efanayo naleyo ye ePortland lwesamente zesiqhelo. Ziyacelwa iinqununu ukuba ukucoca nokuthambisa isixhobo zeemoto okanye nayiphi na enye (nokuba zemifuno) ioli. Emva koko imvelaphi inyuselwa armature (ukuba kuyimfuneko), nalapho ke kuphela le fom izaliswe ngodaka eziphathekayo. Xa ezizalisa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa loo nto bahlale phakathi imigodi, ngenxa sisiphi na geopolymer ekubhalwe eziphathekayo nga ngothanda kwixesha elizayo.

Kakade ngenye imini ziyahlala preform: umboniso kwakheka kwi phezu kwayo. ubukho bakhe uya kwandisa luphila izinto, kwaye ukumelana imithwalo ngaphezulu.

ongakhetha isisombululo

Kuba abalandeli amalinge, le nto endle ebanzi ukuqaliswa nayiphi zadumok: ukuvelisa umxube ikhonkrithi zingasetyenziswa naziphi na izinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yoko, izakhi astringent unako ukukhonza njengoko nentlaka ngamanzi-emanzini. Enye indlela - kusetyenziswa endaweni PVA resin, ngoko ke emulsifier na Polyvinyl utywala, nto leyo eye kumafa yayo.

Abanye zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni imithi ezinqunqiweyo. It umandlalo emanzini siphathwe unyango ozone, lilandelwa Ndibeka a Umxhubi loqhakamshelwano namanye amacandelo, ukuwufumana yoko eziphathekayo geopolymer. Indlela yokwenza ukuze isisombululo waba yokufumana imilo olufunayo, waphilisa ngokukhawuleza? Ukulungiselela le njongo, oko obegalelwe kulo formwork ne electrode apho imizuzu ngoko kwisithuba 60 ukusuleleka sombane. Nombane asithatyathwa ngqo kwi-network, kwaye ogqitha lokuguqulela. Xa Isiqwenga sekulungisiwe okha, lo formwork isusiwe kulo yaye yenziwa emva element.

ukufunyanwa premixed

Hayi umsebenzisi okanye inkosi bufana eksperimenti - abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukuba ukwenza izinto zokusebenza, kwaye ukuthenga esele zenziwe, ingakumbi ekubeni kungekho kunzima ukufumana ekwakhiweni asivelanga: kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-4 eRashiya ziyafumaneka geopolymer eziphathekayo ngenxa izinto zodongwe PT. Abavelisi zinika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso leyo ixhomekeke kwinani amacandelwana isilinganiso zabo. izinto zokwakha ukuthenga ngohlobo kwimixube ezomileyo apho kungekho hardener.

On sale a zililo esele zenziwe, nokuveliswa Russian angaphandle. iiyantlukwano zabo - iindleko kunye nesantya Ukuqinisa.

Kunika umdla ekuveliseni iintlobo ezilandelayo Russia:

1. "Stone Flower".
2. "Sebryakovcement".
3. "Eurocement Group".

Of mveliso amazwe izinto ezithandwayo zezi nkampani:

1. Heidelberger Cement isiJamani.
2. GRUPOSUBDI Spanish.
3. LAFARGE French.

Izinto eziluncedo ze zokwakha ezigqityiweyo

Namhlanje, unako ukuthenga okusilelayo esele zenziwe obubambekayo yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo. Bona awawenzayo parameters zilandelayo:

1. Resistant - brand W-W 2 12.
2. Neqabaka - uphawu ukusuka 50 F ukuya 300 F.
3. Iyahlala - uphawu M 50 ukuya M 500.

Ngaphezu koko, kule kwimixube igqityiwe - kuba lula lokusingatha - iindawo umthamo uhlobo ngalunye lokufaka kuyohluka ngokuxhomekeke phezu siphumo oyifunayo. Geopolymer isamente injalo ifakiwe nayo, kodwa idla indawo nothuthu. imali yayo kufuneka ilingane udibaniso iinxalenye nakhandiweyo ilitye, isanti kunye isamente.