Yintoni na ulawulo stock? Iindlela zolawulo lwempahla. Umbutho of accounting, uxanduva, inkqubo

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo lweshishini siquka yokwanda okuqhubekayo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza abanobuchule kwemisebenzi ephambili. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingxelo echanekileyo lempahla kunganxulunyaniswa omnye wemiqathango ezisisiseko ukusebenza ezinzileyo yenkampani.

yokugcina ingxelo

Le ngcamango lisetyenziswa ukuchaza zamanani rhoqo kwaye ezikumgangatho ophezulu accounting, olwenziwe lestokhwe. Kungabandakanywa impahla abekwe kwindawo yokugcina, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo. Ukuze inkqubo izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ikhadi ulawulo lweezinto enjalo, nto leyo uhlobo umthetho evunyiweyo ukulungisa intshukumo izibonelelo yokugcina kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani nebakala. Bazele inombolo nganye kwimpahla eziphathekayo. Ukuziphatha wabo umntu onoxanduva imali, njengokuphatha indawo yokugcina okanye umnini.

Phambi kokuba ndiyaniyaleza umnini-inventri lweshishini, kunye nayo, njengokuba umthetho, isivumelwano kuphothulwe. Lichaza iintlobo zomsebenzi owenziwa ngumqeshwa, yaye iqondo uxanduva xa kukho ilahleko okanye umonakalo impahla egcinwe ngendlela yokugcina.

umbutho accounting yokusungula

inkqubo accounting ihlelwe kakuhle izinto zibekwe phezu yokugcina - kubaluleke kakhulu yaye kuyimfuneko icandelo mbutho. Kuba ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo yokugcina kusetyenziswa inkqubo yocwangciso ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo: partionnaya zibekwe. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki Enyanisweni, yintoni ukhetho kuya kwenziwa ngamagosa anoxanduva imali uya kugcina irekhodi iimveliso yenkampani kule uhlobo. Le nkqubo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ngetyala kunye eedebhithi oda emveliso.

Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina ulwazi oluqulethwe iincwadi kwi inkampani inventri accounting, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ingxelo okuhlalutya lweempahla lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-cash basis okanye amatyala yokuxoxisana. Xa wenza iindlela data accounting eyenziwe kwimeko yendawo nganye zokugcina, kwakunye ngaphakathi kwabo latching amanani nokuhlelwa, amaqela imveliso ezahlukeneyo, kunye subaccounts zokwenziwa.

Ukusebenzisa amakhadi

inventri yestokhwe ngezinto, ezo isiseko kwiphepha langoku, kwiimeko ezininzi, luquka ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zimbini ngentla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba nokwandisa yokugcina kwaye ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwimveliso.

Kwinguqulelo kusetyenziswa uluhlu ikhadi lokuqala ulawulo ovula ngohlobo ngalunye inventri, igcinwe indawo yokugcina. Libonisa i data accrual, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, intshukumo izinto. Isiseko ukugcwaliswa amakhadi ezinjalo la maxwebhu kwengxelo zaseprayimari.

Ukugcina ulawulo uluhlu ngokusebenzisa amakhadi kwakhona kubandakanya ukubonisa isekelwe ngosuku lokuqala kunye ukubalwa ingeniso kwinyanga edlulileyo. Ngoncedo kwamaxwebhu ezinjalo avelise Ukuqulunqwa kweengxelo zangoku ze yokugcina ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, i-data kwekhadi, leyo ke accounting, kuhlolwe iirekhodi zigcinwa kwi yokugcina.

Kunokwenzeka yaye olu khetho, apho amakhadi ubhaliso hayi zigcinwa kwi ukugcinwa. Kulo mzekelo, inkcitho kunye nokwamkelwa kwamaxwebhu ezidityaneswe ngenombolo imfuyo. Emva ukusebenzisa la maxwebhu kubalwa iziphumo kwinyanga edlulileyo, kunye data kwinkcitho kunye mabandla abhalwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, le nkcazelo iyavezwa esikalini kwetyala. Abo iintsalela leyo isuswe kwezi ngxelo uthelekiswa isidumbu ezisisigxina amakhadi yobhaliso kwi stock.

akhawunti balance trial

Olu hlobo ulawulo lweempahla eyahlukileyo kowangaphambili. Umahluko ophambili zehla ukuba nenyaniso yokuba ingxelo umgangatho kunye accrual kwimeko uluhlu kwi mali akukho kuqhutywa. iingxelo nezolo, ngokulandelelana, nje accounted for.

Nale hlobo lokuququzelela yokugcina ingxelo koluhlu lweempahla eziveliswa kwimeko sub-accounts, amaqela imveliso kunye akhawunti kwiphepha lomncono, ezisetyenziselwa ukuba ngenxa inventri kuphela ngokwemimiselo yezemali. Isibonelelo senziwa abantu kakuhle imali. Kuba inkqubo wasebenzisa ulawulo inventri incwadi okanye iphephancwadi ahambelanayo.

Ngokubhekiselele accounting, iphethe ulwamkelo iirekhodi ephambili abantu ngokwezinto anemfanelo yokwenjenjalo luze uhlola data. Xa inkqubo xo lugqityiwe, ezo yokutyiwa izinto eziye erekhodiweyo ngosuku lokuqala, kudluliselwa intsalela kwetyala.

akhawunti Partionny

Ukugcinwa kwaye kule meko amalungiselelo ngendlela ukuba ngolwandle ethile igcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Yaye ngamnye kubo umnini ubhala ikhadi partionnuyu in duplicate. Ukulungiselela ukubhalisa ezi amakhadi kusetyenziswa incwadi okhethekileyo. Ngelo xesha yayamkela inombolo iqela linani yobhaliso kule ncwadi. Emva kokwenza ulwazi oluyimfuneko enye ikopi ugqithele kwisebe accounting, kunye nezinye iintsalela kwi yokugcina kwaye lisebenza njenge yokugcina ezilukhuni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho iqela umiselwa igama TMC omnye. Le mveliso kufuneka usoloko ubeke kumthengisi omnye. Ngokubhekisele inani zincwadi, oko kusenokuba eziliqela.

Xa ufaka umsebenzi yokugcina ikhadi partionnoy kufuneka abonise umhla yokulungiselela, inombolo yayo, ixesha wokugcwalisa isenzo lokufumana iimpahla, uhlobo zothutho, iinkcukacha kumniki, inombolo-invoyisi nomhla, igama lemveliso, indawo lokuhamba, ngokunjalo nobunzima nebakala.

izinto yokulawula impahla, esebenzisa indlela partionny ibandakanya ukubonakaliswa ngexesha leeholide Product umhla na intshukumo, inani eziphelayo isixhobo yorhwebo, indlela yothutho, igama umamkeli, ubungakanani kunye ezahlukeneyo kweemveliso wakhululwa. Kwangaxeshanye, amaxwebhu inkcitho lubonise inombolo yekhadi partionnoy.

Xa zonke i isitokhwe kwibhetshi ethile zisetyenzisiwe, Warehouse Iimpahla ufake utyikityo zabo phezu ikhadi uze uyithumele kwisebe accounting apho kamva iya kungqinisiswa.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukunqongophala iya kuqatshelwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Kulo mzekelo, ulawulo lweempahla kubandakanya le manyathelo alandelayo:-mali phambi kokuba debit uluhlu ukunqongophala elilandelayo iindleko ukwabiwa, kodwa kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba phakathi imithetho attrition zendalo. Ukuba imigangatho ziye ngaphaya, zoya kufuneka iqokelelwe kwabo bantu abo noxanduva imveliso agcinwe yokugcina.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ulwazi inkqubo partionnaya ulawulo lweezinto kuquka ukuzoba up isenzo phezu iimpahla iqela owenziwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nezinto.

Njengoko neemagazini yokugcina esetyenziswayo xa varietal ebhalisiweyo?

Ukuba usebenzisa le ndlela mali, umnini wavula iphepha elinye okanye ngaphezulu imveliso phephancwadi kwibanga ngalinye kunye negama lemveliso. Kusenokwenzeka kwakhona iyavala ikhadi esahlukileyo. Inani lamaphepha kuxhomekeke umthamo nemisebenzi eyenziwe yi ulwamkelo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ikhadi isihloko okanye imagazini Kweliphepha kufuneka ukhankanye inqaku, igama, ibakala, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezahlula imveliso ethile. Nendawo kwiphepha lusetyenziswa ukubhala ekufikeni, ngesifo sephepha kunye yemveliso iintsalela.

yokugcina Book akhawunti (log) kuyimfuneko ukutshixa data kuyilo debit nganye okanye uxwebhu.

Umthetho uvumela ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimagazini. Ngokomzekelo, iphephancwadi yorhwebo ifomu MX N-2. Kunyanzelekileyo ukuba aqhube umnini okanye umntu ophetheyo. Isiseko ukugqitywa wayo amaxwebhu ulwamkelo kunye nokuziswa iimpahla kunye nezinto zinikelwe zidipozithwe ngaphambili kunye. Kulo magazini, ucacise datha ilandelayo:

- umhla xa iimpahla kunye nezinto ziye zathathelwa indawo yokugcina;

- iyunithi ukuba igxalaba izinto inventory yokugcina;

- igama, ixabiso, ubungakanani, iyunithi yokulinganisa kwempahla kunye nezinto;

- inani kunye nomhla amaxwebhu ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha kunikezelo kunye nokwamkelwa imveliso;

- indawo yokugcina.

Kuba imveliso ukuze linikholekise ukugcinwa, yaye kamva ezikhutshiweyo, kufuneka ubungqina obunikwe uxwebhu efanelekileyo esayinwe umnini kunye umnini.

ulawulo lweezinto eziququzelelwe okufanele uhlobo oluninzi, apho traffic fixed kunye iintsalela wemveliso, ukunceda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimagazini yorhwebo, kunye leyo egcina umkhondo inventri izinto kwiindawo zokugcina, kwakunye nitrogen yokusebenzisa yabo. Ezo nkcukacha kwakhona kuboniswa ngohlobo yeengxelo zemali.

Utheni na ukuba ubhale-phantsi koluhlu lweempahla?

Ukugcinwa kunye enxulumene ekugqibeleni kunye ngezenzeko ezifana iphelelwe kwempahla, kwakunye ekuncipheni kwemfuno okanye ukulahleka esemgangathweni. Ezi ngxaki azinakho ukutyeshelwa, kunye nokujongana nazo inkqubo markdown zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo enkulu. Kuba ubhaliso wayo uya kufuneka isenzo ukwehla ezo zinto zifundwayo kunye emveliso amaxabiso.

Lungisa ayityikitye kuyimfuneko elintsonkothe ngayo. Ngaba oko abantu abanoxanduva emele ikomiti ekhethekileyo. Enye ikopi uhlala kwi intloko yokugcina (kufuneka zigcinwe), le yesibini ithunyelwe kwisebe accounting. Kwezinye iimeko, omnye umzekelo unako sakuncanyathiselwa inqaku umthwalo. Oku kwenziwa yokudluliswa elandelayo lombutho yoxwebhu, apho ethengisa impahla izaphulelo, okanye ukwenzela ukuba abuyele kumenzi.

Systems Management Warehouse

Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo naliphi na ishishini lo matshini kunye yokusebenzisa zonke iinkqubo zangaphakathi kuyo kwishishini. Oku kuya konga ixesha nokuphucula umgangatho wenkonzo.

Warehouse akuyona umnyinyiva. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo enxulumene ulwamkelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla, wasebenzisa isoftware inventri accounting. Oku usenokuba nenkangeleko ezahlukeneyo kunye nesakhiwo, kodwa imisebenzi kwale software kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Ezi amathuba zilandelayo:

- ukusasazwa iimpahla indawo yokugcina zokugcina iiseli, amaqela kunye isigqibo-abenzi;

- ithuba zeentsalela zokugcina translation olutshintshatshintshayo;

- Ukulandelela intshukumo imithwalo ecaleni kweendlela;

- ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokubala ixabiso;

- uluhlu kunye nokusekwa kwe-iingxelo eyiyo ngokungqinelana kunye neziphumo zayo;

- ukuyilwa kweerisithi yokugcina kwaye inika amandla;

- vandlakanyo lutsha kwempahla ngenxa yempembelelo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ekubumbeni ixabiso layo;

- ulawulo yokugcina iimpahla.

uluhlu software accounting kakuhle ebhaliweyo ikuvumela ukuba nangokuseka izibonelelo zohambo yokugcina impahla kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle, kunye nenjongo efanayo. Kwakhona kwenziwa ukusetyenziswa electronic amakhadi ulawulo lweezinto analog ene zonke okucoca ezifanelekileyo. Sithetha malunga ulwazi lokulandelela kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

- lwemali esetyenziswayo yentlawulo impahla (kuba iingxelo nokudityaniswa, amanyathelo nookratya kunye nokunqongophala, iingxelo, ukufumaneka ezizizo, njl);

- imveliso party, ezikhabhathini, umhla wokuphelelwa isiqinisekiso;

- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi kunye impahla kunye nezinto;

- njongo;

- re-nomgangatho;

- abantu abaphethe imali;

- imisebenzi ethunyelwa sikhangelene kobutyebi stock.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i ulawulo loo inventri automated kusagqityezelwa yi umphuhlisi esekelwe kwiimpawu ngamnye ishishini client ethile yakhe.

inkqubo Eyona

software ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa umbutho ngokufanelekileyo yokugcina. Kodwa omnye iinketho ezininzi ethandwayo i "-akhawunti yokugcina 1C". Le software na ezinye izinto, nto leyo ukutsala kakhulu iinkampani ezimanyama le nkqubo kumsebenzi impahla yayo.

iimpawu eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

- fast and ngexesha accounting imilinganiselo eziphathekayo, befikile kunye nentshukumo;

- ukulungiswa ngqo onke amaxwebhu agcine;

- lowu yokugcina ulondolozo ngexesha lula (amakhadi);

- ukufumaneka zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kwi-inventri ngokufanelekileyo;

- ukungeniswa nokuqhubela kweenkqubo yokugcina.

Ngoncedo kwale software ngokomgangatho layigubungela kwiindawo ezininzi amashishini. Sithetha kulawulo imithetho zeentengiso, uluhlu, ezemali, intengo kunye nokuziswa iimpahla. Izinto eziluncedo eziphambili "1C" ziquka lula ukusetyenziswa kweprogram, ithuba hlengiso yalo neemfuno lombutho ethile kunye ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo nomthetho Russian.

Ungasebenzisa kwakhona usebenzise ezinye iinkqubo xa oyifunayo: "Sanna-Litier", "-impahla-mali impahla 'kunye nabanye.

isiphelo

Kucacile ukuba umsebenzi yokugcina ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe nkampani. Ngenxa yoko, izinga umbutho imisebenzi yokugcina kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wenkonzo, isantya kweenkonzo kunye ubume benkqubo intengiso xa bebonke. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na inkampani abanomdla ekwakheni eyimpumelelo kumjikelo yokuthengisa kunye nemveliso delivery, umgangatho kufuneka alungise ingxelo iimpahla.