Yintoni ngundo izifo?

Ifungi a zasendle ubukumkani eyahlukileyo. Zinelungelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngeendlela: ezityiwayo, izinto eziyityhefu, ulisebenzisa, igwele, kunye nabanye abaninzi. inzululwazi Modern uyazi iintlobo abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu zomngundo. Ezi zinambuzane kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni, nangaphakathi mntu. Abanye babo uyavana nabantu wenze kwamagciwane olungenelelayo. Izifo ngundo ngokuyimfuneko ukuba sifo. Yena nozintyintya ngokwendalo ofuna ukuwina indawo phantsi kwelanga, kwakunye nezinto kuba nolwando kunye nophuhliso. Ngelishwa, kulimaza impilo yabantu.

definition

fungi izifo - amagciwane kule zosulelo nokungunda nzulu ezingekhoyo phakathi kwabantu nezilwanyana. Ezi zinambuzane ngokubanzi dermatophytes eklasini, oko Udla esikhumbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho kwakhona ayifungi aphantsi kunye actinomycetes.

Zinelungelo tropism ethile ukuba nezihlunu izilwanyana. Oku kuthetha ukuba dermatophytes sangaphandle zikhetha Nentloko enesihlwitha yohambayo, igwele - inkqubo emithanjeni, Candida - parenchymal amalungu, Aspergillus bahlala kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, kwaye actinomycetes bayakuthanda ukuhlala apha emathanjeni.

Ukwazi ezi mpawu ugqirha umahluko izifo ukumisela unyango oluthile.

Ukwahlukanisa fungi izifo

Ebukumkanini fungi fungi yayintsholongwane eyosulela zahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini: anodaka nokuvunda kwaye fungi abakhoyo. Last zezikhali ngezigaba ezisixhenxe, apho amagama zibonisa izigaba ezingundoqo zophuhliso:

- tsitridomitsety;
- gipotsitridomitsety;
- oomycetes;
- Zygomycetes;
- Ascomycetes;
- bazidomitsety;
- Deuteromycetes.

Amalungu amane okuqala enza iqela nomngundo ephantsi, ezinye ephakamileyo, yaye iklasi lokugqibela - to zomngundo abangafezekanga. fungi kakhulu izifo ezibangela izifo ebantwini, aba Deuteromycetes.

Iimpawu nomngundo izifo

Man ngokuqhelekileyo kwangoko ephawula ukuba umzimba wakhe wambamba fungi izifo. Imbewu (yembewu yekhowa) elide kwaye uthabathe ngohlobo ityhubhu, othe gqolo ukukhula aselula kwaye ekugqibeleni bajike e Gifu waba sisiseko le mycelium. Kakade kweli nqanaba bamchasa ngokubonakalayo. Hyphae of fungi eliphakamileyo isahlulelo, kwaye uphantsi - akukho. Hyphae evela Imbewu ezahlukeneyo kukhula, iyahlangana omnye nomnye, yaye ekugqibeleni phezu mycelium zeendawana ikhula.

Kuba imveliso amayeza kunye uxilongo iintlobo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu fungi yenyuka kumajelo zizondlo, ezifana Sabouraud, Czapek-Grand, phezu ngumash kunye Wort agar. A imfuneko i-pH ngezantsi ezisixhenxe.

iiseli fungal wayisithelisa udonga carbohydrate, kodwa into ngazo ukuchaza uhlobo, kuba ngechitin. Yena modem kunye penicillin kunye lysozyme, ngoko abe virulence ephakamileyo emzimbeni womntu.

fungi izifo ukumelana ntsholongwane emzimbeni imichiza. Unyango kubo kunokubangela umonakalo noqhekeko ukuba amalungu kunye neenkqubo kwabantu, ekubeni kufuna a xi aphezulu iziyobisi kwiincindi zomzimba. Eyona novelwano microspores unyango, kwaye ubuncinane - Candida. Ukukhethwa iziyobisi nzima nangakumbi ngumba wokuba uhlobo nomngundo imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo antigen nobumdaka, enzyme kunye neminye imiba ye phathogenicity isahleli ayaziwa.

Ingakumbi izifo abantu

Nomngundo, izifo ebantwini, kunokubangela esi sifo, nabanako ukwahlulelana ngendlela eyendawo ngokwamaqela ezine:

1. mycoses ezinzulu - ngokoyiswa amalungu parenchymal, nokudumba, ukusasazwa imbewu ukusuka umthombo esi sifo kwizicwili angabamelwane.
2. mycoses ongama, bona subkutannye nabo. Iintsholongwane ayiyo ikoloni esingaphandle, dermis, nenqatha ongama, ifascia, nkqu ithambo.
3. Epidermomikozy dermatomycosis okanye kuvela avela kwi kweemaleko eluswini eliphezulu, iinwele kunye nezikhonkwane.
4. mycoses ezibalulekileyo (keratomikozy). fungi yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu eluswini kuchaphazela kuphela corneum ezinawo kunye neenwele.

Iqela eyahlukileyo cell kwamagciwane isifo ezo fungi ichele. Oku izifo amathuba, ezithi zivele xa wokhuselo omzimba emzimbeni buthathaka, ezifana ne-HIV, ihepatitis B okanye C, isifo oncological.

Amaninzi causative zingabameli usulelo ezinzwaneni ezifumaneka kumhlaba okanye uthuli, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba basebenze respirators, bozihlamba imifuno kunye imifuno, ukucoca emanzi kule ndawo. mycoses Deep kuvela emva inhalation of arhente, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba imbewu ungenise umphezulu inxeba uphuhliso izifo zolusu.

okukwazi

mkhuhlane izifo ukuba ungene emzimbeni, ebangela ukuxubana ngayo amajoni omzimba kuyimfuneko ukuchonga nokuphuhlisa iantigens ukhuselo olukhethekileyo kulo.

Njengoko umthetho, zonke amakhowa - immunogens koliqele, ngokufuthi abantu umzimba kubo. Reaction ukuvela kuhlobo libaziseko-uhlobo hypersensitivity kunye nohlobo cytotoxic. Ukongeza, iiseli T-umncedi ukukhuthaza macrophage zeethishu ukuphelisa sikuyo. impendulo Humoral kubonakaliswa njengoko izilwa titer omkhulu apho kunokuqatshelwa iqonga losulelo, kwakunye ipoti ye ngumphelelisi yi-classical kwaye enye indlela.

unesifo izifo ezinzwaneni

Indlela elula ukubona fungi yayintsholongwane eyosulela - Microscopy. Izigulane ezithatha igazi, yencindi nolusu, ukwenzakala, lisetyenziswa kwi izilayidi iglasi, efafazwe okanye baphathwe isakudityaniswa nee-asidi, yaye ke ngoko afakwe ekukhanyeni okanye electron ngemicroscope. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuhlola iimpawu morphological ka pathogen kwaye siqinisekise ukubonakala kwayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha laboratory lihlwayelwa ikhowa kumajelo uyakhetha kwaye bagcine ukukhula kwabo ukubila izinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunceda ne kwindawo zengqo- lwembono ukuchonga-arhente causative.

Ukuphendula ukuqaliswa nomngundo yayintsholongwane eyosulela zibonakale izilwa igazi lomntu, isibakala yayo kumiselwa iindlela serological. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo inokuba echanileyo, ekubeni iindidi ezahlukeneyo amakhowa ziqulathe nezakhi cross-izidubuli.

Izifundo epidemiological, ukuze kuchongwe inxalenye yabantu, nto leyo wayesele izifo fungal, besebenzisa iimvavanyo isikhumba. It ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuba ingaba ngaphambili wadibana umzimba nalo olu hlobo iantigens okanye hayi. Ukuxilonga le ndlela ngeke isetyenziswe, kuba iye Okukodwa eliphantsi.

Sodidi Candida

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko abelwe iintlobo 186 ka sodidi Candida, kodwa kuphela abanye babo kunokubangela izifo ebantwini. Umzekelo, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii kunye nabanye.

Le fungi amathuba esihleli ethunjini yabantu. Ukhula kakuhle kwiindawo isityebi carbohydrate. Nwe iqanjwa ziiseli ezincinane okweqanda, zimanyene kunye iintsinga mycelium. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu Akwandise egazini kubushushu obuqhelekileyo degrees 37, sele iiyure ezintathu elinezinto imbewu ezintsha amawaka ambalwa kwakheka hyphae. Ukuntshula leseli esiqwini kunye omzimba balapha kunye ekumisweni ubofu.

Xa abantu esempilweni nezilwanyana em- yomlomo-50 ekhulwini amatyala abo bahlwayelwayo fungi le sodidi Candida, kwi ilindle - phantse njalo kwi nesikhumba kwiinwebu iphecana esini - ku-10 ekhulwini. Uqala ukuba isifo ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwimo abanamajoni omzimba yonyango. Candidiasis kungabangela immunosuppressants unyango ngamachiza, corticosteroids, iziyobisi cytotoxic, ukugula radiation, unyango lwexesha elide kunye nemithi, umhlaza kunye zokucwangcisa ngomlomo.

fungi izifo zibangela isifo seswekile sinwenwa, kwekhono kwamadlala yonyango, kunye nabanye. Kutshanje, ngokuphawulekayo landa inani candidiasis iatrogenic emva utyando noxilongo. Ukongeza, kolusu nomngundo kwiinwebu sodidi Candida yenye amagosa amakishayo AIDS.

pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis carinii - ngundo ikakhulu echaphazela nezihlunu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ukwenzela ukujonga iimpahla zazo yenkcubeko akwanelanga eendaba eqhelekileyo zizondlo, kufuneka usebenzise iimbumba enkukhu okanye iseli inkcubeko oluqhubekayo.

Cysts iiseli ngeenxa zonke, ezibonwayo ngaphakathi iiseli basophilic. Amakoloni malunga cysts abaqolileyo zisoloko zibekwe iifom abaselula kunye neziphakathi. Ubukho lwemizimba ukufakwa ivumela izazinzulu kunganxulunyaniswa iklasi ka-pneumocystis actinomycetes.

Ezi fungi kubangela inyumoniya, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kungabangela kunye nezinye izigqeba yangaphakathi: izintso, udakada, inkqubo emithanjeni, retina, intliziyo, isibindi, injeke, kwaye nkqu ingqondo. Usuleleko ngokuqhelekileyo eyenzeka ebantwaneni kunye nokuphungulwa nezifo.

aspergillosis

Le Umngundo yenza amathanga agudileyo eluhlaza ukuba zikhule kakuhle ubushushu bomzimba womntu, kodwa ungenako ukubathwala ubushushu. Amaninzi zifumaneka ukutya, iinkuni. Isifo etsolo emva ibetha isixa esikhulu yimbewu umzimba ngokutya, umzekelo isonka. sifo iphuhlisa inxalenye yesibini, ngomhla imvelaphi ezimbi igazi, nee-, isifo sephepha, unyango corticosteroid, immunosuppressive. It is ayihambi ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Amaninzi ichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, maxa wambi ezibangela izifo zolusu ezifana nerhashalala. Mycelium malunga zomzimba necrotic kwi sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kuvela granulomas. Uphawu Uphawu na imbonakalo ukuqanda kwimimandla echaphazelekayo eziqulathe iibhola ezinzwaneni. Le ncwadi ichaza amatyala usuleleko lwenkqubo kunye izitshanguba inkqubo luvo.