Yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala - uhlobo oluthile intsebenziswano obuza kulinceda phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala. izibonelo

Uqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi kwabonakala uhlobo olulodwa lobudlelwane lamashishini kunye nabasemagunyeni. Ukuze ubonise oku intsebenziswano usebenzisa ingqiqo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala. Makhe sihlolisise oko iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Overview

Karhulumente namashishini abucala enza umfela ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ebalulekileyo yoluntu, kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo msebenzi. Intsebenziswano karhulumente kunye nezorhwebo nezakhiwo beza ngoku ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Sithetha nje, busisigxina kwinqanaba yowiso kwi-224-FZ. Ezi ubuhlobo ukuba kakhulu ingathatyathwa inkalo yenkqubo yoqoqosho exutyiweyo.

iimpawu

Uphuhliso yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala ikhuthaza lokusekwa imifuziselo esisiseko mali, iindlela zolawulo, ubudlelwane edibene kwipropati. Kule nkqubo, obalulekileyo ngokubaluleka ukufumana uluhlu lwemiba enxulumene namandla komhlaba. Bona i isiphumo kunqandwa ukuba ukwandiswa kwezakhiwo zorhwebo kunye nonxibelelwano amandla kuvuka. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala - ukuba othile uthengiso okanye enye yakhe epheleleyo. Le mbono, umzekelo, ochazwa ngokunxulumene iminyinyiva. Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala - loo nto ngokwenene indlela yokuguqula amacandelo yeziko umsebenzi onxulumene nokuziphatha yabasemagunyeni zemveli. Noko ke, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ngokusebenzisana musa ukususa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle komthetho olawulayo.

ukwabiwa kwamandla

yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala - intsebenziswano ebandakanya isibonelelo asingawo onke amathuba zomthetho, apho nokumkani ilungelo umnini enokusebenziseka kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kuphela inxalenye ethile yabo. Oku kumalunga ilungelo yolawulo, utshintsho ixabiso eyinkunzi impahla, ukutshintshwa amanye amagunya kwabanye abantu. Kunokuba amava ebanzi ngokutsha ngokwasemthethweni amathuba phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini babe kwimimandla kweenkonzo zikarhulumente - ezizezi, amacandelo lwezibonelelo. ngokwembali Baye kwasekwa namasiko karhulumente yokosulela kwe amanye amagunya ezinkulu ishishini labucala. Abasemagunyeni anoxanduva kwibutho zokubonelelwa ngokuqhubekayo kwempahla karhulumente. Oku kubangelwa ngumnqweno wokulondoloza ezinye shishino ngurhulumente. Ngelo xesha iinkampani zabucala kufuneka yokuhamba, ukuxhaphaza ukusebenza. Ukongeza, amashishini uthambekele ukusungula. Public-private partnership - yindlela inxaxheba amancedo zombini iindidi impahla ngaphandle utshintsho olukhulu eluntwini.

inxaxheba ngamandla

State phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko elibandakanyekayo ukuba ubudlelwane esidlangalaleni-zomthetho. Le meko ke ubudlelwane isitshixo kwaye yoluntu apho igunya njengoko ukumkani ayikho phantsi komthetho eziqhelekileyo. Kulo mba asinakho, uthi malunga nokulingana sokuqala lamaqabane abucala kunye noluntu. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwimeko ngokususela kwamalungelo azimeleyo koogunyaziwe kwimvumelwano kwintsebenziswano iya kumiselwa iimeko ingakumbi ekufezekiseni ngobuhlobo. Ngamanye amagama, urhulumente uza kuba isifundo okhethekileyo. Lubonakaliswa kakhulu kwinto yokuba urhulumente ngokwayo thaca sikhokelo wezomthetho ekufuneka ukuba bonke abanye abathathi-nxaxheba. Ukongeza, oluyigcinayo ulawulo, imisebenzi yayo yolawulo, nokuba enter kumgaqo ukulingana ubuhlobo. Oku kungenxa kubukho igunya lokukhupha izenzo zolawulo. Nabo ke, ngoyaba le ukulingana. Ekuqaleni, loo nto ixela ukuba urhulumente ongena yasasazwa ukuba ukuhlangabezana ezabo izinto ezithile, kunye nokuphunyezwa isebenzayo igunya loluntu.

Indima karhulumente

Ezivunyiweyo sikhokelo iiprojekthi zePPP ayikho nje izibonelelo udibaniso. Basimisela loqwalaselo okhethekileyo kakhulu amagunya achaphazelekayo nanomdla nokuzibandakanya nemibutho. Okokuqala onke karhulumente, ndingcatsha emacaleni intsebenziswano inkxaso iinjongo ezibalulekileyo eluntwini kunye neemfuno. Kulo mzekelo, oko isebenzise kunye nokusebenza kolawulo. Okwesibini, njengoko nxaxheba bokufakelwa kwezoqoqosho, urhulumente unomdla nje kuphela iziphumo ophezulu yentsebenziswano, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ifuthe layo zorhwebo. Ukongeza, njengaye nawuphi na umntu oqhelekileyo, i nxaxheba konxulumano lidla ukuba afumane inzuzo. Kulo mba, kweli candelo kumdla worhwebo zamaqela kufanelekile, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kufuna ukwabelana leengxoxo iingozi kunokwenzeka, ubume amagunya ezosulela, kunye neemeko zazo yokusetyenziswa.

zokuphatha impahla

Njengoko amava ngamazwe kubonisa, izinga inxaxheba kwabasemagunyeni kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo, iimeko indibanisela yazo ungahluka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko khulu. Umzekelo, imibutho abe iqela le sivumelwano. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le izivumelwano karhulumente ngenxa ekunikweni kwezinto okanye ubonelelo ngeenkonzo iimfuno karhulumente, kulawulo, ukubonelela uncedo lobugcisa, njalo-njalo. Kulo mzekelo, amalungelo empahla ichazwe ngokucacileyo. Kukho ezinye iindlela apho liba yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala. Imizekelo yalo - kweekhontrakthi zokwabelana imveliso kunye nezivumelwano zengqeshiso. Njengenxalenye ukusebenzisana inani transfer kwenxenye amalungelo obunini. Ludla ziquka ukukwazi ukusebenzisa, ukulawula, nempahla yabo. Le ntsebenziswano kuthatha indawo kwi ekuphelisweni izivumelwano concession. Ukongeza, enikelweyo ubulungisa okanye isitokhwe nxaxheba oosomashishini kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente. lweshishini Public-labucala kubonisa inqanaba eliphezulu ukudityaniswa eyinkunzi kwinkqubo-sikhokelo intsebenziswano nemibutho yorhwebo kunye nabasemagunyeni.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isakhiwo kunye umfuziselo kwintsebenziswano karhulumente neyabezoshishino zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho iqela iimpawu ukwenzela ukuba iziko ukuba linike isigaba esahlukileyo. Kuqala kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba PPP owadalwa njenge intsebenziswano ezisesikweni-arhente yorhwebo kunye norhulumente. Ukungena intsebenziswano enjalo ijoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezithile kwaye isekelwe phezu nxaxheba zesivumelwano esikhoyo. Ukuhlaziya amava amazwe, singakwazi uqaphele ezi mpawu zilandelayo yentsebenziswano:

1. Ezithile, igama elide yesivumelwano. Iiplastiki iminyaka 10-20, yaye kwimeko iminyinyiva - ukuya 50. Izivumelwano baseburhulumenteni owawubumbela into ethile. Umzekelo, oku kube ndlela, izibonelelo port. Ukwenziwa komyalelo luxhomekeke ekubeni umhla ngqo.
2. iintlobo ezithile lweenkqubo mali. Iiprojekthi ziphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa imibutho zoshishino utyalo-mali, intw 'izibonelelo-mali karhulumente. Kukho kwakhona utyalo-mali kunye nxaxheba eziliqela.
3. phambi imbopheleleko yenu ukhuphiswano. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, kuba isivumelwano ngamnye isivumelwano okanye imbonelelo kunzima phakathi isakhono nxaxheba.
4. Uxanduva isasazwa phakathi kwamaqela kwiintlobo ezithile. Urhulumente uchaza iinjongo ngokwembono umdla eluntwini, umisa umgangatho kunye parameters iindleko, esweni ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo. Kule isakhiwo yorhwebo uthatha uxanduva zokusebenza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo - nophuhliso, imali, ulawulo, ulwakhiwo, zokugunyaziswa, ubonelelo ngeenkonzo ezisebenzayo kubasebenzisi.
5. Eziyingozi yahlulwa phakathi kwamaqela amalungiselelo ezisekelwe.

Igalelo-nxaxheba

Amashishini zinika nobungcali, inkxaso-mali, ulawulo olulungileyo, ukusebenza kunye nokuguquka kwezigqibo, ebonisa ubuchule ukusungula. Ngenxa yokubambisana, ukungenisa iindlela ezintsha zokusebenza, zokuphucula izixhobo, ukuphucula ubugcisa. Kule nkqubo zentsebenziswano, iintlobo ezintsha lombutho zoshishino kwakhiwa iinkampani, kuquka intsebenziswano lwasemzini imali eliphezulu-ngobuchule kunye iikontraki kunye nabathengisi. Ngelo xesha kwi umsebenzi liyaqhubeka likhula, imfuno zabasebenzi-abahlawulwa kakuhle kwaye abanezakhono kakhulu.

Urhulumente, nayo, inika amalungelo athile wezindlu, ukunika isiqabu irhafu, iziqinisekiso, izibonelelo zemali kunye eziphathekayo. Power ngokusebenzisana nemibutho yorhwebo ithuba ukufezekisa umsebenzi wabo ngqo - ulawulo, ulawulo, ukungqinelana iimfuno zoluntu. Ekuhambeni yentsebenziswano yophuhliso urhulumente kancane uyele ugxininiso ukusuka iingxaki ezithile nokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza namaziko imisebenzi yezolawulo kunye nolawulo. Amafama iingozi zoshishino ziye lisasazwe ngokubhekiselele kwizakhiwo zorhwebo. Ukubaluleka kwezentlalo yentsebenziswano kukuba kwisiphumo se uluntu inzuzo njengoko umgangatho ophezulu zomsebenzisi nkonzo.

Cooperation Local

Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa iinkqubo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala sele koomasipala. Izixeko needolophu kuthwala umthwalo engundoqo ukuphunyezwa iingxaki ebonakalayo ekuhlaleni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Le mimandla, ingakumbi, zibandakanya uthutho, indawo yokuhlala, ulondolozo, izindlu, irhasi kunye supply namandla. Ingxaki engundoqo ezijongene abasemagunyeni bendawo, ukungabikho mali izenzo. Ngokuphathelele le nhloko ukukhulisa izakhiwo zorhwebo, ngokutsho 224-FZ, yinto eqhelekileyo.

izivumelwano zokuphatha

Xa kusenziwa ngamazwe, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo intsebenziswano phakathi kwabasemagunyeni kunye neenkampani zorhwebo. Njengoko omnye wabo iikhontrakthi karhulumente enze. Yokuba izivumelwano ngabalawulayo igqitywa phakathi kwemibutho zorhwebo kunye norhulumente (federal, yengingqi, zendawo). Le yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala ixhaphakileyo kwinkalo zentlalo, entsimini yonikezelo yemveliso iimfuno zikamasipala kunye karhulumente, ukulawula, ukubonelela uncedo lobugcisa. Isivumelwano yolawulo ilungelo impahla abakunikwanga umbutho yorhwebo. Ngelo xesha linye imingcipheko kunye ndleko ziyakuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo nguRhulumente. Umdla liqumrhu orhwebo, ngokungqinelana ne isivumelwano, uvumelekile ukuba inani ekuvunyelwene yengeniso okanye iqokelele iintlawulo. Practice ibonisa ukuba izivumelwano ezinjalo nje ukwandisa iwonga le nkampani, kodwa nakanjani ukufumana ezikhethwa kunokwenzeka namalungelo, ingeniso ezinzileyo, yima ngeenyawo emarikeni.

izivumelwano yokuqasha

Xa sikhokelo lwesivumelwano ofanayo ukugqithiselwa kweempahla ibekwe kwipropati kamasipala okanye karhulumente, isakhiwo kwindawo ukusetyenziswa ngentlawulo. Oku kunokuba isakhiwo, indawo isakhiwo, ilizwe. Irenti ngendlela yemveli ibandakanya intlawulo nomba lwale nto. Xa igunya sisahleli kunye nomnini, yaye kwenziwe iziko yorhwebo ungekho isivumelwano ukulahla impahla. Kwezinye iimeko, umbutho ukuze uthenge iziko, isakhiwo okanye umhlaba. Irenti ngohlobo weSauwu kusoloko kuthatha isimo esinjalo.

imbonelelo

Olu hlobo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala iba ngoku besiba baninzi ngakumbi. umnyinyiva osemqoka ukuba likamasipala okanye urhulumente amagunya kwi-sikhokelo intsebenziswano kuhlala umnini ngokupheleleyo wepropati, igunyazise umbutho yorhwebo ukuba enze imisebenzi echazwe kwisivumelwano, kangangexesha elithile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nkampani wadlula amandla omthetho yimfuneko ukulungiselela bomnyinyiwa into. Kuba ukusebenza sempahla iqumrhu yorhwebo ihlawula umrhumo ngendlela phantsi kwemiqathango emiselwe yi isivumelwano. Kulo mzekelo, ubunini imveliso umsebenzisi.

Iimpawu isivumelwano

Umnyinyiva ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Njengesifundo usoloko wenza ipropati kamasipala okanye karhulumente. Banako ukuba umsebenzi kuphela nguRhulumente okanye woKhuselo.
2. Njengoko omnye amaqela isivumelwano arhente eligunyazisiweyo likamasipala okanye urhulumente.
3. Injongo yalo mnyinyiva ulwaneliseko iimfuno zentlalo.
4. Isivumelwano lisebenza njengesiseko ubudlelwane.
5. Lo mnyinyiva ibandakanya intlawulo kwekhontrakthi yesifundo.

Ekupheleni izivumelwano, yokuqeshisa izivumelwano, urhulumente okanye izenzo umasipala njengoko umbandela umthetho wobukhaya. Ngokulandelana, kuba umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo GK isikhundla. Xa ubudlelwane bomnyinyiwa ngurhulumente kwindawo yokuqala liziko phantsi komthetho yoluntu. Kule ndima, ayikho nje ukutshintshela inxalenye ngobuchule nolwazi iinkampani zorhwebo, kodwa aphathise isabelo ethile imisebenzi yamandla. Loo malungiselelo kuvunyelwa kuphela ngokuhambelana ummiselo. Phakathi uluntu-mthetho kufuneka zenziwe iimpawu bomnyinyiwa iyabophelela oneenjongo zoluntu, nto leyo emele i-izenzo karhulumente. Xa ndibano, iziko yorhwebo linyanzelekile ukuba lingenise kubo, oko kukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kwenkonzo, ukulingana kwemirhumo, ukufikeleleka, non-calulo yabathengi.

iminyinyiva zixhaphakile

Ethandwa kakhulu ehlabathini ezinjalo izivumelwano efunyenwe kumacandelo zeziseko. Kula macandelo afuna utyalo olunzulu kunye yokufika abasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu. Okwangoku ke wachaza iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo yeminyinyiva:

1. On izinto sele ikhona.
2. Kuba kwakhiwa okanye yotshintsho lwezibonelelo.
3. Ukutshintshelwa kulawulo lwepropati kamasipala okanye karhulumente.

Njengenxalenye ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo izivumelwano concession ngokusekelwe imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo kwamagunya, kwakunye nemida ethile utyalo-mali kunye nomsebenzi zoshishino kunokwenzeka.

Isimo Russia

Kummiselo RF i izivumelwano concession wangena ukusebenza ngo-2005 Ngoku, ke, intsebenziswano enjalo akakakwamkeli lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Esona sizathu siphambili le meko, iingcali ziye kuthiwa kukungabi ukukhusela amalungelo omsebenzisi. Ingozi ukuba umbutho yorhwebo iye ezinxulumene ukwalathisa imisebenzi yayo phantsi kwesivumelwano, elibalwa umsebenzi ekhoyo ukwenza intlawulo ephezulu concession. Noko ke, isohlwayo ngenxa yokuhlutha isivumelwano kumsebenzisi mmiselo wamiswa. Kukho iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga izilungiso komthetho, nenokuthi ukukhuthaza ukuvela ubudlelwane concession eRashiya.

Agreement ngeemveliso Section

Olu uhlobo lobudlelane phakathi kwamashishini kunye arhente karhulumente ezinye iimpawu bomnyinyiwa. Noko ke, esi sivumelwano na iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka. Umahluko ngokuyintloko kuqwalaselo lobudlelwane propati. Ngokutsho Isivumelwano sesaphulelo kwi, ilungelo ukudala iqabane yabucala iimveliso ndihlale naye mna. Ngokutsho kwisivumelwano kukwahlukana iziphumo imisebenzi kuyinto nje inxalenye. Umyalelo transfer amalungelo kunye imiqathango ethe yabekwa kwisivumelwano esikhethekileyo.

ukwengeza

Kuye waba oluntu nawabucala ubambiswano uthandwa kakhulu kwezemfundo. Ngoko ke, ngoku sisebenza nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yoqeqesho ezimbini. Udlulisela le fomu lwe PPP eSt Petersburg eMoscow. Oku kubonisa inxaxheba yeenkampani yokuvelisa kwinkqubo kulungiselelwa abasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu. Imfundo ke ngoko yenziwe ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa evela kwimisebenzi yemveliso.

Olunye uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo yentsebenziswano wakhetha kwintsebenziswano karhulumente neyabezoshishino kwezempilo. Oku ikakhulu izibonelelo zolonwabo, icandelo Spa. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, iintlobo intsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni, umnyinyiva izivumelwano ezazisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni yokupaka amaqashiso, bezingahanjwa, ngokubonelela ukufudumeza. Namhlanje, ukwanda ukusasazeka INTSEBENZISWANO entsimini zokhuselo, iinkonzo zothutho candelo, kwezenkcubeko kunye kwinkalo yezemfundo. Ukuba iinkqubo usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho karhulumente kunye nezorhwebo. na umahluko ngokungqinelana umthamo amalungelo obunini, izibophelelo zemali zamaqela, imigaqo umngcipheko-yokwabelana, kwakunye uxanduva ekwenzeni kweendidi ezithile zomsebenzi.