Zhostovo yetreyi: imbali kunye neendlela yokwenza. ukupeyinta Zhostovo on neengcedevu

Iintyatyambo Bright ezintle: roses, peonies, imipha, ukulibala-nam, chrysanthemums kunye iinyibiba entilini (akunakwenzeka ukuba udwelise bonke), ayilwe saa ngesandla ngobuchule wegcisa phezu mnyama phezu metal ziyabuyiseleka - semveli Zhostovo ukupeyinta neengcedevu. Unique lobuciko of Russia, ayinazo analogue!

Imbali lokuloba yamandulo IsiRashiya phantse 2 iinkulungwane, yaye ngelo xesha imveliso iinkosi Zhostovo akazange singalahlekani kuphela kwayo nobuhle, kodwa ngokuchasene noko, yaphinda yathandwa ngakumbi kulo lonke ihlabathi, natyetyiswa iimbono ezintsha wamagcisa aselula namhlanje.

Imvelaphi Zhostovo yezandla

Namhlanje, nayiphi umfazana mihla iya kukuvuyela ukufumana isipho Zhostovo yetreyi yokwenene, leyo kusetyenziselwa kuphela injongo eyenzelwe yona ngevangeli, kodwa njengoko woqobo uhombiso zasekhitshini ingaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, abafazi babevuyiswa kwaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX., Xa banikela ubuhle ezinjalo.

Kodwa ke akusoloko. Art Zhostovo ukupeyinta waqala ukuthatha imilo eRashiya ngenkulungwane XVIII emva kwexesha. Kwaba ngelo xesha ziquka neengcedevu yokuqala, iibhokisi, iibhokisi zaso, amatyala umdiza, zonke iintlobo iibhokisi, njl, zipeyintwe ubuchule miniatures lacquer, leyo kwenziwa emizaneni yesithili eMoscow: .. Ostashkovo, Emnye, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, imveliso neengcedevu iyafumaneka kwingoma eyahlukileyo, kunye nendima yobunkokheli ekwenzeni kwabo ngokuqinileyo wathabatha kwilali Zhostovo. Ke kaloku, neengcedevu yokuqala eyenziwe nocatshulo papier-ezenziwe ngayo. Ngoku sele kunzima ukuyicinga Zhostovo yetreyi eyenziwe ukusuka izinto ezinjalo.

kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-art Zhostovo

Ngowe-1825, workshop Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov yavulwa Zhostovo. Ivela kwesi siganeko ibe maxesha ubukho eqhiwukileyo wobugcisa intsomi Zhestovskaya. Kakade ke, le ndibano yaba asinguye kuphela. ahlelwe ngcembe kunye nezinye nentsebenziswano: Yegor Vishnyakov kwilali ekufuphi Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva kwilali Emnye. Ukuthandwa imveliso yabo omkhulu! Kulungile wathengisa Zhostovo itreyi e Moscow, eSt Petersburg kunye neminye imizi.

Ngowe-1830 Zhostovo kunye needolophana ezingabamelwane uye wavula iivenkile ezininzi, abaqali kuzo EF Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, FV Shapkin, V. L. Mafikozolo kunye JS Kolomna. Ngokuthe ngcembe, imveliso wakhula, iimveliso ezenziwe ngesandla sele engasekho ezenziwe papier-intlama, kwaye zisebenziseke ngakumbi nowangoku - yentsimbi.

abaculi kaHomer Zhostovo

Ngokuthe ngcembe, entsha kuzalwa, wazana kuthi sonke itreyi Zhostovo. Imbali egcinwe kwi yemihla kwikona, uxelela amafama bendawo abanamakhono ngakumbi ngokuthe ngcembe ngayo ngakumbi kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi zocweyo zobugcisa. Iyamangalisa ubonakele ngayo italente okukhulu phakathi, ngamakhoboka eziqhelekileyo abangafundanga. Inkosi yokuqala, leyo akhankanywe amaxwebhu yezembali 1839, kwaba serf ye Bala Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, yena wenza neengcedevu ukupeyinta kunye nonyana wakhe. Ngaloo bazalelwa Zhostovo ubukhosi yokuluka.

Eyona idumileyo iinkosi Zhostovo yetreyi: OE Burbyshev (kule wegcisa Zhostovo na cishe, ngoko kwaba virtuoso), NM Tsaplagin, AE Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Mafikozolo , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. savelev, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV Bala. Zonke ezi iinkosi kunye nabanye abaninzi baye washiya uphawu nzulu ubuchule Zhostovo, ukuba kwadalwa imisebenzi emihle Zhostovo miniatures ifakiwe kule misebenzi mali segolide.

Zhostovo yetreyi - imveliso ubuchwepheshe

Yentsusa kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa Zhostovo yetreyi likhazimlisiwe kule minyaka. Le Inkosi kakhulu nezimbo kurhwebo, ukuba akukho namnye oya ukwabelana. Ngoko kuthekani kuphela ngokubanzi, uyakwazi uxelele nokuveliswa kwemveliso Zhostovo ubuchwepheshe.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iitreyi mihla zenziwa ngentsimbi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba eyona ndlela engaqhelekanga, konke oko kuxhomekeke yavela wegcisa. Phambi ukupeyinta yetreyi kufuneka ibengezela ngononophelo kwaye ugqunywe primer layer kabini bezilungiselele ngokusekelwe carbon amnyama kaolin. Ngoko ke workpiece ingumhlaba kwakhona, kwaye wambu ngeengcamba ezininzi lacquer elinombala. Enigcoba umaleko ngalinye kufuneka ome kakuhle kwaye likhazimlisiwe ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ngokubhekele phaya lemveliso Zhostovo neengcedevu uyaqhubeka kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Emva kokuba yonke imveliso yomsebenzi wokulungiselela ilungele ukupeyinta, kunye nomsebenzi engaphezulu iqala inkosi artist. Painting Zhostovo yetreyi ngokwemveli ezenziwe ipeyinti ioli. Lwakugqitywa wayo, imveliso kwakhona ezahlukahukeneyo isale ivanishi, kulandele omisa kwaye ipolishi yetreyi ogqityiweyo ukuba bamnike isilungiseleli seglosi phantse specular.

iindlela zobugcisa features Zhostovo nokupeyinta

ubuchule Artistic Zhostovo ukupeyinta yimvelaphi yawo ukusuka zemveli miniatures lacquer Russian, kodwa, kakade, babe neempawu zabo. Isiseko nga mhlawumbi ngokuba iphethini imibala eqaqambileyo phezu imvelaphi kunye uhombiso kwayo wegolide emnyama. Imvelaphi Zhostovo yetreyi akuhlali omnyama, kunokuba nantoni na ofuna umbala: abomvu, nangwevu, eluhlaza, oluhlaza kunye imbola. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iingoma lwenziwa Potali (oosinga igolide), unina pearl okanye ukukhanya, phantse emhlophe, kodwa kunokuba kushenxwe imithetho masikhokelwe ekuyileni le womzobi.

yetreyi Zhestovsky ngokuqhelekileyo zipeyintwe ngendlela yokuba embindini ubume (intyatyambo isipha) zezona imibala sikhulu eqaqambileyo, ezo zezona kujoliswe eziphambili ngqo. Kufutshane kungqameko iziqalelo isipha iya ezincinane mnyama, njengokuba ukuba idibane kwisiqalo. Ngaloo ndlela ekuzuzeni kubunzulu ezibonwayo kunye nomthamo ukupeyinta. Zhostovo iintyatyambo engabhalwanga ukusuka kwindalo, kaninzi ziya olunemiqathango, omninzi umfanekiso kuxhomekeke ekuyileni ezinobuchule inkosi.

The main mibala kunye nemixholo

Nezisusa eziphambili Zhostovo ukupeyinta izifundo zonke iintlobo mibala seentyatyambo salo, iintlobo ezo nto amanani! ukupeyinta Zhostovo ngqo iintlobo zesakhiwo zemveli. Iintyatyambo iqokelelwe kwi amaqoqo eziquka 3-5 inflorescences, uvezwa uMaqoma mhlawumbi ibekwe izidanga kujikelezo kwitreyi.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukupeyinta nga kumana imifanekiso namaqunube, iziqhamo kunye neentaka. Kukho iisampulu Zhostovo ukupeyinta, ngathi izacholo antique lifes nangoku Dutch. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izityalo ukuzoba enemiqathango ngokwaneleyo, nanga zonke iimpawu kumzobo ngoM: ingqalelo ngenyameko iinkcukacha, umbala jikelele, improvisation free.

Zhostovo izithebe: ukuba indlela inyathelo ngenyathelo

yonke inkqubo yokudweba yetreyi angohlulwa ngezigaba-4. Okokuqala babizwa ngokuba "zamalevka": on imveliso njengoko pounces razbelennymi ayithethi omhle generic womfanekiso elizayo, indawo iindawo eziphambili.

Ziye ke ilandelwa yi "tenezhka 'yaye' ngetywina ': ukusetyenziswa izithunzi ngaphaya kunye nolwabiwo imibala oxineneyo iindawo ezikhanya. Emva koko, ukuma iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi na athile.

Isigaba sesithathu - blikovka: ukusetyenziswa mhlophe lomgubo smears ukuzila. Ngoncedo zonke izixa ezithile.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, elandelwa liqela lokugqibela kwinqanaba 4 apho i "chertezhka 'yaye' abophe". Kunye iibhrashi emihle kakhulu ukubamba imigca luvela yesekethe bhetyebhetye encircles kwegqabi ngalinye kunye sembali sisondela amasetyana kunye neenkcukacha, leyo kuthiwa ayikokubambana ngendlela.

Namathemba kuphuhliso bezandla

Okwangoku Zhostovo yezandla zobugcisa bahlangabezana maxesha anzima. 90-imi- zenkulungwane lokugqibela, koomasifundisane zibe phantsi ukhathalelo kunye nenkxaso karhulumente, emva perestroika kunye kwawa eSoviet Union, i-mveliso wegqitha ezandleni zabucala. Ngoku ke ilitye lembombo yaba ingeniso, hayi ukugcinwa izithethe kunye nendlela nangezakhono ubugcisa.

Inani lamagcisa e kwishishini liye lathotywa kakhulu. Amagcisa abaninzi baqala ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo ekhaya. Wazithwala kakhulu ngaphandle kwee-odolo zabucala, avalelwe isithuba kuphela Zhostovo yetreyi yeKDE. Iingcungela Modern ngokufuthi ukusebenza nokupeyinta iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifundo: ukusuka iifriji kunye iifowuni eziphathwayo ukuba iibhotile mbuthi iwayini eninzi. Yokufika yolutsha abanetalente - isikolo abanezidanga Fedoskino lacquer miniatures muva unqabile. Noko ke, kusekho inkampani ubomi, iyasebenza ngokuzinikela kunye nokholo kwixesha elizayo.

Indlela ukufumana ukuba Zhostovo?

Kuba bonke bafuna simazi kufutshane kunye nembali kunye nobugcisa Zhostovo inkampani aququzelela uhambo iyure-5 umdla master eklasini. Xa mveliso rhoqo esebenza evenkileni apho unako ukuthenga iimveliso kunye yobugcisa, njengoko besithi, "nangokuvutha lakubalela."

Ukuze ufumane ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Zhostovo akukho nzima. Kufuneka ukuba boyise km 50 yonke osemendweni kweli cala kwisithili Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi. Unga kwakhona lula ukufikelela khona ngetreyini, okanye ngebhasi. Enye ukhetho kwi Medvedkovo Metro ukuya Zhostovo rhoqo kwisiphekepheke inombolo ibhasi 438.