Zintoni nkovu ezalathelwe: indawo, isakhiwo kunye nobukhulu. Izizathu ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu

Zeziphi iindawo nkovu? na impendulo alupheli lo mbuzo uza kufumana izinto nqaku. Ukongeza, siye ukuchaza imbonakaliso ubume umzimba kwakunye izizathu ukudumba wakhe, imiphumo kunokwenzeka, njalo-njalo.

Overview

Zeziphi iindawo nkovu? Nkovu node ibizwa amalungu peripheral kwenkqubo emithanjeni, nto leyo elenza umsebenzi lokucoca yendalo. Ngenxa yiyo yonke nkovu evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yaye amalungu omzimba. Xa abantu cell ukuba amaqela eziliqela leeyunithi ezilolo hlobo, nibizwayo yommandla.

Ubungakanani nodes nkovu

Ngaphandle, kwiindawo nkovu khangela ngeenxa zonke, okweqanda, imbotyi-okwe okanye iribhoni-ezifana ukubunjwa ngamanye amaxesha. nobukhulu zabo ziyahluka phakathi 0.5-50 eemilimitha okanye ngaphezulu. Njengoko yaziwa, ezi amalungu neuropathy anemibala umbala nombala-ezipinki. iindawo nkovu zifumaneka kuphela ekuhambeni iimpahla emithanjeni , yaye zicwangciswe ezisebenzisanayo iziqwenga elishumi kufuphi yegazi ezinkulu imithambo yegazi.

ukubonakala

iindawo nkovu yabantu zigqunyiwe nokuqina izihlunu esingxotyeni, ukusuka apho kunabela umzimba trabeculae ekuthiwa-okanye iintsika. Zimele ubume inkxaso yokuqala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isebe peripheral kakhulu, owenza umsebenzi lokucoca ubunjwe stroma. Oku kwakheka izihlunu reticular nokuqina, ezo iiseli inkqubo, ezenza uthungelwano-ntathu. Ukongeza, le stroma iqulathe izinto phagocytic (okanye macrophage), iindawo nkovu amelweyo iintlobo eziliqela.

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi esiludumbo nkovu

On icandelo kwiindawo nkovu ibonisa ngoko nangoko imimandla emibini emikhulu. Kufuphi nemvulophu - uthinte. It ukwahlula isabelo komhlaba kunye nommandla enzulu uthinte (okanye ekuthiwa umaleko paracortical). Kuba kwindawo engaphakathi esiludumbo nkovu ziquka Medulla.

Isithuba iyonke umzimba lizele izihlunu lymphoid. Ummandla ebusweni uthinte, leyo kufutshane iqokobhe, ngaba maqhuqhuva amancinci okanye zoboya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kubekho isibane kwisabelo esisezantsi (kwiziko germinative), apho umahluko of B-lymphocyte kunye iantigens-proliferation, kwakunye kwindawo emnyama, equlethe inani elikhulu kakhulu bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye kunye lymphocyte encane.

isimiso ukusebenza

Xa lymphocyte paracortical zone bebekwe ngokulinganayo kwaye yengqingqwa. Kule yinxalenye yomzimba esilawulwa T-lymphocyte. Apha baye umahluko nonyebeleziso iantigens. Ngokubhekisele Medulla, amaqela kwithishyu lymphoid ebuchotsheni iwandlale imisonto (myelinated okanye ngeentambo), nto leyo abasuka kumphezulu uqweqwe B-lymphocyte.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-organ peripheral sesi silandelayo: le nkovu aqukuqela iindawo kwi ngeyona kunye kwicala khaxa ezantsi enqanaweni, kwaye aqukuqela ephuma inxalenye phakathi ye oluhlala. Kulo mzekelo, ngaphakathi esiludumbo nkovu kunokuba kancinci Amagqabi indawo ebizwa sinuses. Bona ephakathi ulusu kunye trabeculae, kunye izicwili lymphoid.

Kanye njengokuba imithambo yegazi, isithuba engaphakathi esiludumbo iye lining yaso, oluthi luqokelelane iiseli Littoral okanye eselunxwemeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo yabo kwimfundo sinus, apho kuza wawumdibanisa iiseli reticular. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuchaseneyo izitya eqhelekileyo em- sinus ayikho ezamahala, kuba ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi womnatha-ntathu. Ngenxa kule nkovu isakhiwo ngokungenisa le yunithi, ngokucotha Amagqabi, leyo negalelo layo zicocwe ngenyameko evela namaqumrhu angaphandle. Kwakhona, le nkqubo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa macrophage, imi enyeleni lokubolekwa lymphoid. Koko, ngexesha sicatshulwa Sine (Medulla) nkovu ifumile ngokupheleleyo kunye antibodies tyazhu (ubuchopho) ukuvelisa iiseli plasma.

Zeziphi iindawo nkovu?

Ziziphi iindawo nkovu, siye wafumanisa. Ngubani ofuna ukuthetha ngayo, kutheni kufuneka ezi imizimba thina. Isibakala sokuba nkovu node aqukuqelayo kuzisa i awakwazi ekuthiwa-kwamanye amazwe. Oku kukhokelela kuphuhliso omzimba impendulo ngayo amalungu. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nohlobo lwamaqumrhu angaphandle, ngayo loo basenokuba ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kunzima oqaphelekayo kwaye yomelela ubukhulu ezalathelwe uphuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, oko ngokukhuselekileyo makuqatshelwe ukuba amalungu peripheral zimelwe uhlobo umqobo ekusasazeni zosulelo ezahlukeneyo kuphela kodwa nomhlaza. Emva esiludumbo nga zivuthwe iiseli zokhuselo ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekutshatyalalisweni nezakhi amazwe kunye nezinye izinto.

Baphi na kwiindawo nkovu?

iindawo nkovu (photo thaca kweli nqaku) nisemzimbeni womntu iqela elikhulu, apho kukho malunga lamaqhosha elinesibini. Bona akhiwe ukwenzela ukuthintela uphuhliso zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nomhlaza. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba ezalathelwe zibekwe kufutshane ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo ebomini amalungu kunye neenkqubo, eyile ngengqiniba nedolo nezibaya, amakhwapha kunye ubudoda. Ukongeza, ukuba ibekwe entanyeni, esifubeni nesisu. Ngaloo ndlela, iindawo nkovu akukukhuseli ngokupheleleyo usulelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nangezilonda yentloko.

iintlobo nodes

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqubo ukuhluza ukuba ayikho kuphela kwiindawo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Limfokapillyary kuwo onke amalungu zangaphakathi. Noko ke, ukuba enze umsebenzi ofanayo.

Ngoko ke, kukho amaqela eziliqela nodes nkovu emzimbeni, ezizezi:

• intrathoracic;
• bronchopulmonary;
• uyibhekise;
• spleen;
• para-aortic;
• mesenteric;
• iliac (lwangaphandle, ngaphakathi, kwaye jikelele);
• inguinal (and zinzulu);
• ithanga;
• popliteal.

Kutheni kalanga iindawo nkovu?

Izizathu ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu - iintlobo zezifo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubungqina asakhulayo angqubeke yembandezelo ngqo ummandla apho emi kuyo. Amaninzi, ukwanda zamanzi ezinxulumene nayo nayiphi na usuleleko. Ukongeza, le ngezifo kwenzeka kwi yangasemva sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ithumba.

Ngoko ke, makhe sihlolisise, kutheni, kwaye phantsi kweziphi kwezifo kukho ukwanda nodes nkovu abantwana nabantu abadala:

• iinkqubo ubovu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye ecaleni abanjalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphadenitis oyingozi. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu amaninzi ngenxa ukungena iintsholongwane kuloo manxeba, leyo ibekwe kwindawo ziziphumo ilungu yoluvo. Iimpawu eziphambili ukudumba ziquka inkangeleko isisa kunye bomvu. Ukuba umzuzwana onjalo ukuba achaze esigingqini onesiphumo, kuyasa iqokobhe libandla ubofu enokwendela kungena izihlunu ejikelezileyo, ngaleyo ndlela kakhulu kwingxaki kakhulu ekuthiwa phlegmon.
• nodes nkovu landile ebantwaneni badla lubonisa ubukho lwesifo sephepha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa amaqhuma sifo eqalisiweyo kwisisu thoracic kunye nentamo.
• Ngokufuthi unobangela nodes nkovu eyandisiweyo kubantwana abaselula yibhaktheriya Bartonella. Iziphathi ezinjalo bacterium ikati, ogama imikrwelo zinako ukubonwa kwi umntwana. Ngawo la manxeba endlala ligciwane ngokukhawuleza kakhulu limfososudam ukuya iindawo, apho ukwandisa kamva waba kakhulu buhlungu. Ngenxa yoko, kangangexesha elide akuthethi aphilise inxeba, kwakunye ikhowuni pine, owayebonakele elandelayo, kufanele njalo lidiza na ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo "kati ekuqaleni".
• Xa SARS abadala kunye nabantwana ungaba kuze kumaqela ezininzi ezalathelwe nkovu idumbile. Isizathu sokuba noku kutenxa kokumiselweyo na impendulo amajoni omzimba ezigqithisileyo kuhlaselo yomzimba yesigulane amagciwane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo ukunyuka nkovu ezalathelwe engenamandla kakhulu, kodwa ibuhlungu kakhulu kwi Ngokucofa.
• izifo ezifana neegcushuwa, ingakumbi, negcushuwa, kwakhona ukuba imzisele ezalathelwe ezandisiweyo nkovu. Kulo mzekelo, isigulana nga asiboni lunamahlwili amhlophe yakhe kwindawo nasemiphakathweni, kwakunye izilonda zangasese. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifo negcushuwa kwiindawo ezandisiweyo nkovu kunokuba yalula, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, imperceptible ebantwini.
• na odlula iqela banzi iindawo nkovu Long ukuze abonise ubukho kwezifo ezifana listeriosis, iBrucellosis, usulelo lwe-HIV okanye mononucleosis.

Ukwanda nodes ngamathumba

sites Ithumba kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka zegazi (ukuba ekuqaleni nesuka nkovu node ukudumba), kwakunye izilonda kuwenza. Ukuphambuka yokuqala kuthetha lymphosarcoma kunye nesifo Hodgkin kaThixo. nodes nkovu kuzo izifo ezifana bandile iisentimitha emine okanye emihlanu kwaye kakhulu ashinyeneyo. Noko ke, ukuba imvakalelo wambumba la manqathana eza ukuba buhlungu. Ke kaloku, ukwanda sokuqala kwiindawo nkovu intra-esiswini okanye intrathoracic izifo ezinjalo ihlonitshwe.

Ngamafuphi

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni na ezalathelwe nkovu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwanda imizimba kwinkqubo peripheral kufuneka ngoko nangoko tufwile isigulane. Isizathu ilula: a imeko zophendlo lwezifo icebisa ukuba kwenzeka yingozi iinkqubo zobomi kwakunye nempilo emzimbeni womntu. Kulo mzekelo, kucetyiswa nangoko ubone ugqirha ahlinzwe axilongwe ngokupheleleyo.