2 ppm utywala - nto ngayo utywala kakhulu na egazini?

Ukuze bakwazi okubhalwe utywala igazi, sebenzisa iyunithi PPM. Bonke weva ngalo, kodwa wonke umntu uyazi ukuba eli nani. Umzekelo, asinguye wonk 'umntu uya kusabela umbuzo malunga 2 PPM utywala - nto ngayo utywala kakhulu na egazini. nokuba le ithamo iyingozi? Makhe sihlolisise oko kuthethwa ngalo kule kota, emininzi iquka indlela enye ngeyunithi ye-PPM, yaye yintoni umthetho uthini xa ukuhlala emva ivili kuyingozi, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isalathisi. ukuba Bangaphi ukuba ukusela utywala, nokuba kwamkelekile ngokubanzi ukuba uza endleleni?

PPM - yintoni na?

Iyunithi PPM womlinganiselo ukuba yintoni ithamo utywala ezikhoyo egazini. Ibonisa sewaka lotywala xi ethanol igazi. Isalathisi nako ukubona indlela utywala kakhulu siphele.

Ukujongana nale le yunithi kulula ngokwaneleyo. Abantu abaninzi asetyenziswa ukusebenza iindawo Kwinani liphela - isiqingatha, kwikota, isishumi yesithathu. Amaxesha amaninzi ifuna ngamaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu, ngoko kwakukho ipesenti, oko isahlulo sekhulu lilonke. Kwiingxelo kunye nohlolo lwentsebenzo, le yunithi ivela kaninzi. Indlela ukuqonda, PPM 2 utywala - le yindlela ngotywala egazini?

Isalathisi (PPM) nangoku unit elingaphantsi ipesenti - sewaka kweziyobisi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ipesenti tie ne-KGS, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba elinye ekhulwini - ezilishumi PPM. PPM sisishumi ekhulwini.

Phantsi kweemeko elebhu, isiqulatho utywala uzimisele usebenzisa iyunithi PPM (‰), kuba le pesenti (%) - ixabiso elikhulu kakhulu. Umlinganiselo ulinganiswa hundredths, eshumini ze PPM, umzekelo, izinga amawaka 2 - lukhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba umzimba zonke ezahlukeneyo, kwimbono utywala amadoda kunye nabafazi iyahluka. Enye into yokuba isenzo ityhefu lwenzeka kumgaqo. Xa PPM umzimba nemazi baziqwebele ngokukhawuleza kunamadoda.

Indlela yokubala eyakho

Ukubalwa PPM, isimiso, akukho ezahlukeneyo ekubaleni njengepesenti, kodwa umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo akuyiphazamisi leli dili. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, oko luchazwa ngu ‰ uphawu mille, sifunda njengepesenti%. Akufuneki wayithobayo. Elibonisa inqanaba utywala lebyikulu zilandelayo, isicelo:

• 1/1000 ‰ = 1 0.1%;
• 1 = 1000 ‰ = 100% - kuqamba monofraktsionny ngaphandle ukungcola;
• 0.4 ‰ = 400 = 40%;
• 0,00024 = 0,24 ‰ ngu 0,024%.

Indlela yokubala, PPM 2 utywala - oku utywala kangakanani? Ezijolise kubudlelwane ngasentla, ukwenza kube lula 2 ‰ yi 0.2% = 1/2000.

Umahluko phakathi kwepesenti kunye PPM kwenzelwe nje engephi. Emva ukusela isiqingatha seyure emva kuza kwincopho lokuvalelwa kwakhe. Ngoncedo yobalo ukwazi PPM, unako ukufumana amanani alandelayo:

• Umxholo utywala emva komzuzwana.
• Umthamo we utywala yesiselo wavuma.
• Lingakanani ixesha kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhululwe omzimba utywala.

Ukuze kubalwe le parameters njengoko ingcaciso efunekayo:

• Age, ubunzima, isini somntu.
• % Of kulwelo emzimbeni.
• Umthamo utywala obuselwe ekuqaleni.

Umzekelo yokubala

amaduna ubunzima 82 kg. Basela 500 ml yevodka-40%.

Ngabantu, ngokobunzima amanzi malunga ne-70%, nto leyo ethetha ukuba lo mzekelo oko 57,5 kg. Ukuxinana le ethanol ingaphithikezwanga - 0,79. Ngenxa yoko, i-500 x 0.4 ukufumana 200 ml kuguqulela ziigrems x 200 0.79 158 aphume isiqulatho utywala olusulungekileyo 158 g - 10% bafumana 142,4.

Ngenxa yoko, xi ethanol ukusuka Ukunxila 142,4: 57.2 = 2.5 PPM.
Ngoku ke kucacile, 2 PPM utywala - oku utywala kangakanani. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

Umzekelo ubonisa ukuba ukubalwa PPM iyafumaneka kuwo wonke. Ukuze kubalwe akukho eninzi data iyafuneka, ifomula kulula. Qaphela ukuba amaxabiso anikwe enemiqathango, hayi obububo. Ngapha koko, ukuselwa kotywala yenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokuthe ngcembe. Ethanol kusingathwa emzimbeni ixesha elithile. Kufuneka senze isaphulelo ubudala, imeko bokuphila komntu.

Uluhlu utywala egazini

Umbuzo ithandwayo abaqhubi sendlela utywala kakhulu iqulethwe ngaphakathi eyamkelekileyo 0.16 PPM. Okokuqala, umthetho uthi malunga nokuqulethwe utywala mg ilitha nganye ngeli ukukhupha umoya, ayikho xi egazini. Okwesibini, walinganisa ixabiso alcotester, impazamo nendima esilingana ixabiso lincitshiswe. Ngenxa yoko, nokuba umntu onesidima ngokupheleleyo, unako kulala kulo mda.

Ukuze ugqibezele lo mfanekiso olungezantsi itafile utywala igazi ngeedosi ezahlukeneyo.

wenza njani utshwala nokuziphatha

Kuxhomekeke luxinzelelo lotywala egazini akhululwayo kumanqanaba eziliqela kunxilwe. Inyathelo lokuqala - ukukhanya ukunxila koku - aqine ngomlinganiselo, inyathelo wokugqibela okunzima, kunokukhokelela isiqaqa nokufa. Xa ubunzima ngalinye kg ithamo yabantu ezibulalayo uzimisele.

Khumbula ukuba ipesenti - 10 PPM. Kumgangatho okufana isigaba ngasinye%:

• 0.03 - ukunxila ayichazwanga.
• Ukususela 0.03 ukuya 0,06 - ukunxila okungephi.
• Ukususela 0,06 ukuya 0.16 - an isanda okanye ukunxila ukukhanya.
• Ukususela 0.16 ukuya 0,26 - isidanga avareji okanye ukunxila ngomlinganiselo.
• Ukususela 0,26 ukuya 0.3 - degree sesithathu - a ukunxila olomeleleyo.
• Ukususela 0.3 ukuya 0.6 - degree ezinzima kakhulu apho isiqaqa mhlawumbi kunye nokufa.
• Ukususela 0.6 ukuya 0.65 - yedosi ezinkulu utywala.

Ngenxa yoko, imeko umntu amisele ipesenti izabelo lobukho lotywala egazini.

Imiphumela yokuhambisa

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kufuneka uhlale emva ivili zikwimeko ziingcathu. Kodwa kunjalo, yintoni na kumda oko uyondelelwano lwee- utywala egazini kuyingozi? Cinga ngendlela ukuziphatha kwabantu utshintsho kunye ukwanda mille nganye.

• 0.2 - 0,51 ‰. Kakade idosi enjalo entsa iimpazamo kuba ihamba umthombo ukukhanya. Isantya nakuvandlakanyo meko endleleni. Ngelo xesha kukho umnqweno yokukhawulezisa intshukumo. Kule meko, umqhubi kwesona santya, kodwa nokuchaneka kunye nokhathalelo achaphazelekayo. Le moto kuyingozi kwabanye. Le umqhubi ukuthobela umgama kunye lekhefu.
• 0,51 - 0,81 ‰. Le umqhubi va umgama into, le lizama aphazanyiswa, impazamo uqhuba kwenzeka. ukusilela Otchetliv ekuhlaziyeni le meko. Nedekvatno waqonda Imiqondiso ukukhanya, umgama.
• 0,81 - 1,21 ‰. Relaxing ukusebenza komzimba. I-engile ngayo lifinyele, umqhubi impendulo kakuhle ukuba kwenzeka ntoni macala, izenzo ezingachanekanga kunye namahlwempu, abasuka ingqalelo inyamalala. Umqhubi kuyingozi kakhulu kwabanye.
• 1,21 - 2,4 ‰. Ekubeni onjalo umntu ecacileyo abanxilileyo ulahlekelwa abazi lutho. Ukuze umda phambi yophukile, lo Sele ophambene ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko kucacile ukuba ukunxila ka-2 PPM - iyingozi kakhulu kwaye uhlale emva ivili le ndoda nje ngeke.

umthamo ebulalayo

Yintoni ithamo utywala kuthiwe ebulalayo? Akukho mpendulo omnye akakho, umzimba nganye ubuchule yayo. Ungenza kuphela ukub esekelwe kwi-avareji kunye nezalathisi. La manani ingabonisa kuphela indlela utywala kakhulu yamkelekile kwaye kufuneka iphetshwe.

ezininzi zophononongo zibonisa ukuba 5-6 PPM - idosi ezinkulu utywala. ukunxila olomeleleyo iqala ngo-2 PPM. Bambalwa abantu baqonde la magama, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ithamo ngeelitha. Umbuzo ngulo: 2 mille utywala nganye - oku ivodka kangakanani? Senza uqikelelo rough.

Ngowe-0.5 L yevodka iquka utywala ecocekileyo ml 200 - 2.5 PPM iyalingana. Ngenxa yoko, ithamo ebulalayo iya kuba iibhotile ezintathu = 1.5 iilitha. Kodwa ukufa kwenzeka kuphela xa le mali esongwayo ngexesha elifutshane. Ngokomzekelo, iyure enye. Ukuba ingqalelo ixesha elide, lokutya, apho kuya kubakho ukunxila nkqi, kodwa hayi ukufa.

Nge ibhiya newayini, le meko kubonakala ezahlukeneyo. Utywala iqulathe ngaphantsi kakhulu. A ithamo ebulalayo iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, umzimba uba reflex zokuzikhusela zabasebenzi ukunxila - ukugabha, kunye inkoliso utywala isusiwe.

Kwi ukufa ikwachaphazela ubunzima, iminyaka yomntu, susceptibility yayo utywala. KUBI isifo isibindi, intso, isisu, kwaye umgangatho utshwala.

amazinga alcohol Avumele

Norms ufundo PPM ngo-2017 zahluke kakhulu ukusuka 2010-2013, xa kubonelelwa PPM zero kuphela. It akavumi nasiphi isixa umphunga utywala kwindawo enomoya. Lo mthetho uye wahlaziywa izizathu eziliqela. Kukho iimveliso musa ziqulathe utywala, kodwa umatshini okhethekileyo ukubonisa iiyunithi encinci PPM. Ezi ziquka:

• kvass;
• chocolate;
• ibhiya non-ezinxilisayo;
• iyogurt;
• iyogurt;
• juice ebusika;
• orenji;
• isangweji isonka irye kunye nesoseji;
• banana perespevshy;
• unuke emlonyeni;
• eminye imithi;
• midiza.

iingedosi ezincinane utywala iqulethwe kwezi weemveliso badlula ngexeshana elifutshane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-mthetho kubhangise PPM zero. Eku sunguleni, umqhubi wasebenzisa kwiglasi kvas okanye kefir, singalahlekelwa amalungelo ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Le nto yabangela oluninzi impikiswano, wegqitha umthetho ngo-2013. Ukususela ekuqaleni amanyathelo kwiingxowa zaso, yamkelekile utywala waba 0.16 PPM kwi kunyuka iyaphuma into elingana 0,35 egazini. Isilungiso ukuba lo Mthetho kwiMithetho ye Road.

iindlela isohlwayo

Ukuba inani PPM lugqithe ngaphaya umda kuvunyelwe, umqhubi ethwele izigwebo ezilandelayo:

• Ubhaqo lokuqala: wabeka isohlwayo sama-30 amawaka, kwakunye umqhubi ulahlekelwa ngamalungelo ixesha leminyaka 1.5-2.
• Secondary lwentengiso: isohlwayo uya kuba-50 000, umqhubi ovinjwa lwamalungelo iminyaka emi-3.

Ukuba abantu, ndayihluthwa beqhuba, uza kumelana ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-15.
Musani ukukholosa zakho zokuhamba ukuze nabani na, ingakumbi umntu ukunxila enamandla ezinxilisayo. Ukutshintshelwa ulawulo kwimeko enjalo, umnini bemoto lohlwaywe mali ka-30 000, yaye yena, ndayihluthwa-mvume lokuqhuba iminyaka ukuya ku-2.
Kwixa elizayo, kulindeleke ukuba wenziwe, ngakumbi ukuba nsinya iimfuno abaqhubi enxilile. Yiba siphaphile!