Abonakale Historical of uNicholas 1

Nicholas 1 - koMlawuli Russian, apho ulawulo sisebenza kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX. abonakale Psychological of Nicholas 1, kwinkulungwane yesibini sesona sizathu sokuba uphando ngembali kunye abezopolitiko, kwakunye amanani zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo. Inzala ubuntu bakhe ngenxa yokuba uhlobo loMlawuli yethu eziphikisanayo njengoko izimvo zakhe kunye neenkolelo. Konke oku kubonakala kwi-nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle of Russia kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX. Abanye umntu ebizwa ebudeni bolawulo impendulo yakhe engancumisiyo. Abanye bathi ukuba zize wathengisa inani enkulu iinguqu, kunye neziqhamo zawo sibona nanamhlanje.

Injongo kwinqaku

Izama ukwenza umfanekiso imbali Nicholas 1. Sikwathathela nengqalelo ubutsha iNkosi enguMongami, kwakunye ubeluphawu anyukele itrone ukusuka kwindawo nangokwasengqondweni lwembono, makhe zishwankathela.

ebuntwaneni

Ngowe-1796, ngoJulayi 6, kusapho njengenkosana ka noPavel Petrovich noMaria Feodorovna wazalelwa unyana ka Nicholas. Ukususela ekuzalweni om- ezingqongileyo uphuhliso emzimbeni uNikolay 1. Imifanekiso of Amagcisa wathimba i Crown Prince, uya kufumana kweli nqaku. Wonke umntu wathi ngezwi bass, waza waphawula ende yakhe kunene. ugogo sithsaba n Velikaya wathi okokuqala lokubona knight ngolu hlobo. Xa iileta zakhe correspondent Baron Grimm, yena wabhala ukuba umakhulu wakhe sele umzukulwane wesithathu ukuba amandla akhe angaqhelekanga, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ngukumkani, nangona ukuba sele nabazalwana ababini abadala. umfanekiso ngamnye Nicholas 1 (iifoto kubo ungabona kwinqaku) eliphawulwe ngayo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo umphandle, leyo wathi uninakhulu kunye Crown Prince.

Malunga nabahlohli prince

Nicholas kunye umninawa wakhe omncinane uMikayeli wakhulela phantsi unakekele umama wam uKumkanikazi Maria Feodorovna, kunye nabazalwana ababini nangaphezulu - uConstantine Alexander - uninakhulu ofundileyo. Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka esi-7 Nicholas umongikazi ovela eNgilani. Wambiza "nomncedisi ongumSuthu-ingonyama," ngenxa yegama lakhe lokugqibela ngokuba waba nesibindi yaye sizimisele umfazi. Nangona kunjalo, lo mfanekiso imbali Nicholas 1 ephawulwe iimpawu onemfesane, nobubele. Ukuba unesi iye yaba nempembelelo enkulu ekubumbeni umlinganiswa kumkani elizayo. Ngenxa Englishwoman E. V. Layon imini nobusuku rhoqo wakhangela uKolya encinane, iye ikhule ukusuka liqhawe ngokwenene, ngubani nqa nemincili malunga nabantu malunga nempilo entle nesimilo sizimisele.

Ngowe-1802, ukuze kufundiswe abafundisi Grand Duke wamthuma (okanye namanenekazi). Ngoku, lo mlawuli elizayo waba phantsi kweliso likatitshala M. I. Lamsdorfa, leyo, ngelishwa, akazange abe imbono ebanzi okanye amava ekufundiseni. Wayengomnye abasebenzi ezinzima abaye baba umlinganiswa nzima. bexesha lakhe wagxininisa ukuba Lamsdorf waba intliziyo nzima kakhulu. Nicholas wabhala kwidayari yakhe ukuba utitshala kukhuthaza naye akwaziqonda ngephanyazo yoloyiko. Waqaphela nokuba utitshala asoloko bammangalela kwesiphazamiso. Graf wamohlwaya ngengcongolo, yaye maxa wambi uphosayo kumgca okanye iingalo zakhe ramrod. Yonke imidlalo yale utitshala yafikelela esiphelweni ngo-ukuba buhlungu nje bona kuphela kodwa abanye. Bala Lamsdorf waba grimace uphawu grimace.

ixesha Free nesayensi

Siza kuqhubeka ukuba umzobo Nicholas 1. Ngaphandle antipedagogicheskaya ndlela womntwana, amagosa enkundla ubonile umphefumlo yomntwana inkanuko Crown Prince ukuba ngukumkani kwaye lokulawula. Xa ubuntu bakhe njenge ebungqoleni odityanisiweyo nokuzingisa. Noko ke, ezazihlala Englishwoman ukulunga kwentliziyo nokunyaniseka kukha niyigqibe kude. Nobuntu lobunganga elizayo wafaka imvo banomfutho. Njengoko udade oselula Anna kunye nomntakwabo Michael Nicholas wabopha ubuhlobo kakhulu kunene. Le midlalo ozithandayo kakhulu ziye ukwakhiwa iinqaba, amajoni emfazweni emkhosini. Ngokufanelekileyo, isixhobo somculo esasifudula ukudlala UNikolai, yaba igubu. Njengoko ngesayensi, uNicholas 1 akutsaleleki kwicala lezingluntu. sochineniyay khulu kwabalelwa kuye ukubhala. Imfundo kwi intsapho yasebukhosini angenela ulwazi isiGrike kunye nesiLatini, kodwa Nicholas akunjalo wayethanda ezi zinto xa waba yintloko yosapho, imfundo yabantwana babo inkqubo wambetha ezi zinto. Ngoko ke umzobo uNicholas 1 izuza izithunzi Ipeyinti kunye nothando lwabantwana kunye nosapho.

1 uNicholas Alexandra

Emva kwemfazwe ka 1812, inkosana isithsaba watyelela eYurophu. Endleleni ebuyela eRashiya yasingatha intlanganiso lwembonakalo eBerlin. Wayedibana oselula Princess uCharlotte (intombi uKumkani Prussia). Nicholas iyayithanda le ntwazana. Noko ke, umama Maria Fedorovna wayethi ukuba Ndandisemncinci kakhulu umtshato.

Ngowe-1817, UNikolai nangoku kulindela umtshato, esenzeka ngoJulayi. Xa ubhaptizo Princess uCharlotte igama Alexandra. Wathi yena uziva onwabe kakhulu, ingakumbi xa zihlangene izandla zabo. Alexandra waba uhlobo umgcini ngelosi umlawuli. Wayengumntwana umfazi engumzekelo kunye nomama nenkathalo. Xa umtshato, baphila iminyaka engama-38, zabazalela abantwana-7. Ayephila wabhala kulo mtshato ukuze iqabane ukuba umlawuli - njengesidalwa ethe zezintlu. Ngokuba kuye, ukuba yintaka entle, ngoko umlawuli ibamba wakhe ehokweni segolide. Yena lihombise ngayo ngamatye anqabileyo, zidla umpe ambrosia, kodwa amaphiko ayo shwaka, kangangokuba akukho nto banduluka ukusuka ebuhlanti segolide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha unonophelo le nyoni kangangokuba akazange nokuba ucingisisile amaphiko.

Ngenxa yoko, sibona lo mfanekiso nangokwasengqondweni uNicholas 1. Uchazwa nohlobo ziphikisana ebuntwaneni, apho kwakukho indawo ububele nenkohlakalo, yinkohlakalo nokuthantamisa. Njengokuba umntwana Crown Prince ebethanda imicimbi emkhosini. isimilo sakhe yabalasela yenkani nenamandla, ngokunjalo umnqweno elilandelayo ukufezekisa iinjongo, ukuze kwixesha elizayo, siya zichaza iimpawu ezibonakaliswe emsebenzini wakhe.

Ukuvuma sobukhosi

Ngoku cinga abonakale yezopolitiko Nicholas 1. Xa batshata yena Charlotte, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kwiminyaka elivisayo ziphelile. Ngelo xesha ke waqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumhloli jikelele umzalwana kunye oyintloko engineer nomkhosi. Yena ngobuciko wenza imisebenzi yakhe. Noko ke, ekubeni * uKhesare Alexander 1 kwafuneka bayeke itrone. Ngenxa nabantwana babo ngokusengqiqweni kwetrone kwafuneka aye umzalwana elandelayo Constantine, kodwa ugibayo, indawo nokumkani. Ngoxa joke wazalelwa uhlanga ezifundisa itrone nje iti, kodwa wayengakwazi inkunkuma. Alexander watyelela intsapho Nicholas, apho izibini bathe amandla kufuneka kuza namnye ngaphandle UNikolai 1. Wonke umntu bevuyisana naye emva kokufumana igunya soMhlekazi, kodwa Nicholas yena kwiidayari bakhe, wabhala wathi wadibana iindaba hayi ngovuyo, kwaye kuya kuba ngcono ukuba sivuyisana kwaye commiserate.

Ngowe-1825, rhoqo UNikolai ifumana inkcazelo ukuba imibutho komhlaba uzama ukuqonda ubunyani iziganeko, apho eRashiya akhululwa kwakulawula asebukhosini. 14 kuDisemba waloo nyaka bazibhala ngawo ukwenzela umlawuli yaba mini yoyikekayo. Sinodi, iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye nomkhosi ngaxeshanye bahlanganisana ebhotwe. Amanye amagosa eMoscow wavusa amajoni ukuba ukuthatha isifungo sokuzinikela kumlawuli. Nicholas weza ingcaciso ngomhla leyo ibekwa kuza kuququzelelwa lika. Kodwa ke, njengoko uNicholas ngemvelo yaba neziphumo nesibindi yaye engoyiki, revolution kunye igazi ukuba ubukhosi kweso sivumelwano. Ngalo mhla, kuphelelwe Decembrists qhankqalazo. Umlawuli ngokwakhe kudala ndizibuza ukuba kutheni loo mini wayesaphila, ngenxa yokuba wayeza kubulawa. Ebudeni ngobusuku July 17, abavukeli abulawe. Le abulawe wenze kwagxila embi kuluntu Russian.

Injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi

Disemba qhankqalazo wafundisa umlawuli kunye nenkcaso amanene nokungathembani. Ezi ziganeko ezibuhlungu ziboniswe kwi imanifesto Nicholas 1, apho wabhala wathi uya kubahlambulula urhulumente licham ihleli izibilini bukhosi. Waza wabiza bonke nemihlaba uluntu ukuba uthembe lo rhulumente kunye nokuqonda ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke kubuyiselo elizayo. Ngamanye amazwi, nokumkani Radel ikamva yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kude ekupheleni kwemihla, yena ezinikelwe kwilizwe lakhe. Kwi ihlabathi sigaba ungubani woyiswa, njengoko eYurophu ukupheliswa disadvantageous of serfdom.

Ngenxa yoko, sibona umfanekiso yezopolitiko Nicholas 1, ziphawulwe ngokuthi iingxaki. Apha wadlala indlu ungquzulwano indima, kwakunye imvukelo Decembrists. Ezi ziganeko zibe nempembelelo enkulu ehlabathini kunye nomntu soMhlekazi. Kunokuthiwa ukuba Nicholas kuvuthwa ngobusuku nje omnye. Xa izenzo zakhe, waba bazimisele ngakumbi, waza waqalisa ukuziva ngobuhlakani uxanduva ngezigqibo zayo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, lo mfanekiso imbali uNicholas 1 (ngokufutshane) ezichazwe kweli nqaku. Kuba ngaye kucacile ukuba mlawuli gungqi kwaye nesimilo singagungqi, imazi bubulumko nokuqonda. Waqonda ukuba imfuneko ekupheliseni serfdom, kodwa isicwangciso zange abe nexesha ukuphumeza. Lo msebenzi waqhubeka ngunyana wakhe - Alexander II. Siye wachaza umzobo uNicholas 1 lu dityanisiwe ziganeko zembali, kuba ngaphandle kwabo akunakwenzeka ukuchaza iinkcukacha zembali. Kufuneka sazi imbali yethu ukuze enze iimpazamo elidlulileyo.