Yintoni gamete kunye elilodwa: zesakhiwo iimpawu

Kweli nqaku uza kufunda ntoni na gamete. Le iseli ezizodwa, apho imisebenzi ezizodwa ngokungqongqo. Ntoni na ke? Makhe ukujongana kunye.

Yintoni gamete: Inkcazo

Ngolwimi ngesiGrike eli gama lithetha "umfazi" okanye "indoda". Ingakwazanga ukunikwa imisela ngokuchane ngakumbi ixabiso layo. Gamete - cell sex. Kwindalo, kukho iintlobo omabini - amadoda nabafazi.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko gametes akhiwa ngokwahlula iiseli lwegciwane ekwakuphila. Noko ke, diploid chromosome iseti yabo igcinwe. Oku kubangela ukwanda kwenani labo. Inkqubo ukubunjwa gametes inkunzi nemazi uye umahluko omkhulu. Ngenxa yoko, omnye amadlozi zaseprayimari akhiwa iiseli ezine, zizele ekwaziyo neqanda. Xa imazi gametes ukuba ubuchule ufumana iqanda elinye kuphela.

Ubume beqanda

Yintoni na ke gamete komzimba female? Oku kusoloko iseli esisigxina equlethe ezaneleyo izondlo kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo eziphilayo. It ngokumila ajikelezayo okanye ukulenza. Iqanda likhuselwe ekonookrwece ezininzi: i sac, kunye elubala engaphandle. kukho icytoplasm wayo - langoku inclusions yokugcina sac.

Iimpawu iiseli lwegciwane oyindoda

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na uhlobo gamete eyindoda. amadlozi zisoloko zincinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa amaqanda. Oku kungenxa yokuba gametes eyindoda iqulathe kuphela inkcazelo yemfuza. Yini na ukuba ndihluthwe kwezondlo? Isibakala sokuba isiseko sekamva umzimba nje iqanda, leyo ngokwaneleyo kubo.

Gametes izityalo kunye nezilwanyana: iimfano neeyantlukwano

gametes Male izilwanyana zeselula. amadlozi yenziwa ezintathu: entloko, entanyeni nomsila. Eyokuqala iqulethe nucleus. It is a iseti chromosome haploid, okanye akatshatanga. Olu phawu noshowo Zinjalo cells lwegciwane. Intloko acrosome sperm kwakhona iquka, okanye iqumrhu apical. Le organelle velisa enzyme, ezinako dutywa iqokobhe zikhusela eqandeni. Womlomo wesibeleko lolona centrioles kunye mitochondria. Avelisa eneji efunekayo ukuze ukuqhuba ngumsila wena.

gametes Plant kwamadoda kuthiwa isidoda. Xa abameli imbewu ngaphezulu yomoya abhalwe anthers le stamens. Bona ufuduke umoya, izinambuzane okanye abantu. Inkqubo yokunikezela ukuba ibala le pistil ekuthiwa uvuvuzelo.

Yintoni na gamete izityalo kwaye ibekwe phi na? Ukuba sithetha iqanda, oko kukuthi, kwakunye kwizityalo, zokubhala ebuhlanti elimbhoxo. Le ibekwe phaya ezantsi wesahlulo unwenwa iintyatyambo pistil. Ukuze gametes ukuhlanganiswa, isidoda kunqwenela gamete ezimbini ababhinqileyo nokukhula lwegciwane ityhubhu. Ngenxa isichumiso imbewu.

Xa izityalo ibihlungu ngaphezulu iiseli ntsholongwane ikhule ibe amalungu ezizodwa - gametangia. Kwezi eziphilayo, kukho alternation ocacileyo kwizizukulwana kwenzeka lomjikelo wobomi.

Makhe sihlolisise le nkqubo umzekelo ubulembu. isizukulwana sakhe ngokwesondo imelwe "ikhaphethi" green. Siqulathe izityalo ibithuthwa enye. Bona ibunjiwe gametophytes apho iiseli lwegciwane oqolileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ifakwe, kuba ukuphunyezwa leyo kufuna amanzi, ikhula isizukulwana maqanda - sporophyte. It has ngohlobo lweebhokisi kwi sesiqu owomileyo. It abaqolileyo iiseli ukuzala maqanda, ezo zibizwa ngokuba sikuyo. Ziyifumana emhlabeni uze zibangela ukuba kubuzwe lo gametophyte. Ngoko izigaba zomjikelo wobom Balandela ndawonye.

Isiphumo neqanda

Le iqanda ubizwa ngokuba elilodwa. isethi yayo chromosome sele diploid, okanye kabini. Kwezilwanyana, ibizwa ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi. Kwimeko yokuqala, oku kuthatha indawo ngaphandle komzimba ababhinqileyo. Loo ndlela okufana iintlanzi eziphila. Xa aqhamise lwangaphakathi inkunzi usebenzisa amalungu copulative esazisa amadlozi umzimba obhinqileyo. Kukho kwenzeka kunye nophuhliso ezingekazalwa, ngoko le ndlela esiqhubekayo ngakumbi.

Kwizityalo, yeyona nto inzima gametes lokuhlanganisa nkqubo kuvandlakanywa kweentyatyambo. Ibizwa ngokuba kabini, ngokuba isidoda uzibandakanya gamete ababhinqileyo iseli lwegciwane central. Isiphumo umbungu, sisondlo spare ekuthiwa endosperm, udiliza. Kwaye bonke ndawonye - imbewu.

Le elilodwa iqalisa ukuba bazohlule. Oku kwenza lo mbungu. Okokuqala, le nkqubo ibandakanya maleko omnye. Ibizwa ngokuba blastula. Ke iqala ngokubekwa ancedisana amalungu elizayo. Ngeli xesha ke kuthiwa gastrula. Lokusekwa umbungu ngokubekwa imaleko intsholongwane ezintathu, ephuhlisa emazikweni ezithile kunye neenkqubo.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza wajonga oko gametes kunye elilodwa. Ezi zithinteli abathwali ulwazi sofuzo kwaye zinokubangela ukuba omzimba entsha.