Amagama History nendawo iqhina

Wonke umntu uyazi: ezitratweni, izindlu, ngemizi, nemizana ngemizana, ngokunjalo izinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo amagama. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba uphando lwabo kuthatha uqeqesho ezifana amagama ndawo. It is a isayensi lifunda indawo amagama zonke iimpawu zabo.

endabeni yokufunda

Uluhlu imidla kummandla lwazi lubandakanya imiba efana kwimbali ngokuvela kunye nenguqu, ebangela ngokutshintsha amaxesha, zokupela, translation and pronunciation, iintsomi kunye namabali ezinxulumene nenye "igama" enye okanye. Toponymy kubonakala inzululwazi eziziisekondari kuphela xa efika kuqala. Uninzi iinkcukacha ngembali abantu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizwe, ekuqaleni awayengabemi intsimi ethile, oko kucaca emva kokuhlola amagama abashiya ngasemva. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ndlela-mbini: amanye amagama iiphazili ndawo lungenakuqondeka ngaphandle ukufunda imbali nenkcubeko ezinxulumene nazo yaye ngokufuthi zichaze iimpawu ngamagama izinto ezahlukeneyo.

inani

Ukubaluleka indawo amagama ezinto kwaye ukufunda kube lula ukuqonda, ukuba bhekisa kwi iimephu. baba engenamsebenzi ngaphandle kwamagama eendawo. Ngaphandle kwabo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba uzulazule kwendawo, ingakumbi angaqhelekanga. Ibinzana elithi "ngaphambi kokuba indlu zingwevu, jika ngasekhohlo uhambe kweemitha ezintlanu ukuya emantla" - abaninzi kungabangela ukudideka. Ke amagama ezitalato zisetyenziswa ukuya phantse bonke. A umhlaba ngaphandle amagama ndawo (njengoko zibonakaliswe yi iinjongo zalo science) kuza kuba nzima ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ngaphandle ukufunda kwabo.

Oku kuboniswa ngokucacileyo mqambi zembali. Genrih Shliman, omnye wabaseki wentsimi Archaeology, ibekiwe ukufumana amabhodlo Troy yamandulo, isixeko esichazwa kaHomer, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukuqinisekisa ubukho balo. Xa sifuna indawo efanelekileyo ukumba kundikhohlile; watsalela ingqalelo kweleentaba Hissarlik ibekwe eTurkey. igama layo kalukhuni bubonakala "indawo amanxuwa." Oku kwabangela abembi baqalisa ukufuna yazo apha. Njengoko yaziwa, Schliemann wayengekho andiphazami: ngaphantsi ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze umhlaba umi kwafunyanwa.

e kuhlangana

Toponymy - isayensi lifunda indawo amagama kuvela macalana onke. Kakade ke, isebenzisa idatha evela ezahlukeneyo lwamacandelo. Ukuqonda imvelaphi ilizwi, ixabiso layo lwesemantiki ukuba kubemi bomthonyama, kwakunye emva kwabo iziganeko kwenzeka ngenxa Yindibanisela data imbali, ngokwemimandla nangeendlela Ezolimi. Ukuba uye emva umzekelo Schliemann, zonke ezi nkalo kubonisa ngokupheleleyo. "Uncedo" ezeMbali kunye data kwi indawo similar geographical regions athathwa uHomer yiakhiyolojisti kunye neminye imithombo. Igama eliguqulelweyo yenduli (igalelo Ezolimi) Kwakhona wadlala indima ebalulekileyo uphendlo.

indawo amagama amaninzi iqhina kungachazwa kwanokuqonda imigaqo ngokubanzi ngamagama. Cinga ezinye zazo.

Le ndlela elula

amagama indawo Historical uyazi amatyala amaninzi xa, njengokuba igama indawo kusetyenziswa igama elibhekisela kuyo iimpawu zayo eengingqi. Imizekelo enjalo baninzi kwimaphu. Le Nqabakazi of Palau kwi-Pacific ( "Palau" liguqulelwe saseMicronesia lithetha "isiqithi"), i-South American kunye Atacama Desert ( "ntlango" kuguqulelo ukusuka Indian). Ngokufuthi igama yento akhiwa kuhlangana kumabinzana we walithiywa. Kukho kwakhona inala imizekelo: Serra e Portugal Dorada ( "Mountain Gold"), i-Paraná umlambo e-Indiya ( "umlambo omkhulu"), iMauna Kea e Hawaii ( "White Intaba") njalo njalo.

Amanye amagama indawo zidluliselwa ukusuka into enye ukuya kwenye. Umzekelo eqhelekileyo kule - amagama ezixeko kunye nemilambo. Kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima ukuqonda oko ababekhonza injongosenzi njengomthombo "igama". Nairobi, eMoscow, Lilongwe, La Plata - lonke ngexesha elifanayo amagama imilambo kunye nemizi.

ziyatshintsheka

Imbali izele indawo amagama kunye nemizekelo utshintsho igama ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kaninzi iba ngenxa ukufika ukuya kummandla izizwe ezintsha, abahlaseli okanye abantu abafudukele ngaphakathi. ukwazi Human yahlulahlulwe ngendlela yokuba zonke ezingaqhelekanga, izama ukwenza eqondakalayo ngakumbi ngokwabo. Ngoko ke amagama eelwimi zasemzini. abahlali ezintsha thatha igama lendawo, elithanda nazo, eziguqulelwe kwi indlela yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, amaGrike amandulo uhlaziye neyabemi "Adrar", gama elo elithetha "intaba" kwi Atlas (ukusuka lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ephethe"). placename New ngokulungelelanisiweyo wangena inkqubo kudala wentsomi.

Kuyenzeka ukuba igama into eyandisiweyo geographical ngokwahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kuqhelekile ukuva ukuba kwemilambo. indawo amagama afanayo iqhina lulula wacacisa: esona sizathu ukutshintsha igama lomlambo, njengoko umthetho, ilele inguqu yobunjani flow yayo. Bahr al Jabal ( "River of Mountains") - igama Nile kuloo ndawo apho waphula esidlangalaleni ezantsi ukusuka ngaphezulu entabeni entilini Mpuma iPeople.

Ukongezelela, abantu ezahlukeneyo abahlala ngasechwebeni njengomlambo, amnike kuyo igama lam. Kuba lo Nile El-Bahr, banikwa Arabhu, Coptic Earo, Cyprus kunye Tkutsiri - bunaga ulwimi Bari ngokulandelelanayo.

Ukukhunjulwa elidlulileyo

amagama Toponymy badla ngokujongana nokutyhilwa engalunganga lwamagama ezithile ezinxulumene yokuswela ulwazi oluthile kwicandelo (imvelaphi). Le nkqubo uyafana uhlaziye kwabantu abatsha amagama ulwimi lwasemzini, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla. Vrazhsky Lane e Moscow, ngokutsho abaninzi, kwaba lingqina kwezinye ukungqubana notshaba. Igama linxulunyaniswa elithi "utshaba". Noko ke, le ngqikelelo ayilunganga: "vrazhsky" lithetha "ovrazhisty". Oku intsingiselo eli gama wamzalela ukuya kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Kunye nemizekelo emininzi amagama ndawo ndithi mbali malunga elidlulileyo. Amagama ndidla ngokucinga ngobomi iimpawu labemi. Njengoko unako kugwetywa umsebenzi nakolu kwindawo ethile okanye izincedisi yayo, umzekelo, ukuba amazwe abathetheli kunye abaqeshisi. Ngamanye amaxesha atyumbe iindawo ezinxulumene iimpawu zendalo kunye zemozulu ukuba uphawu kuba ixesha elithile eyadlulayo. Riddles toponymy ke kuvela rhoqo kwimeko apho kungekho lwazi malunga elidlulileyo le ndawo kunye nzima ukuthelekisa "igama" kwaye kwakusithiwa intsimi.