Amanzi Ammonia: yokufumana, ifomula ukusebenzisa

igesi enemibala nge livumba elibukhali, ammonia H. ₃ kuphela lula enyibilikayo emanzini ngendaleko ubushushu. into esebenzayo ihlangana kunye molecule H ₂ Owu ukuba ibe kwealkali buthathaka. Isisombululo lifumene amagama aliqela, omnye wabo - amanzi ammonia. Umchiza iye iipropati Akumangalisi, abakulo inkqubo ukusekwa, ubume kunye ekudibaneni kwemichiza.

ammonium ion Ukwakheka

Formula ammonia amanzi - NH ₄ OH. Ukubunjwa mba imbo ekhoyo NH _{4 ^+,} oluthi luqokelelane nonmetals - nitrogen kunye hydrogen. N atom kwi kwemolekyuli ammonia isetyenziswa ukwenza unxibelelwano covalent we polar -3 kuphela ngaphandle 5 electron engaphandle, yaye isibini omnye uhlala alibangwa. Kwemolekyuli yamanzi hydrogen protons H namaza ngamandla ⁺ ebotshiwe lathamba mpilo, omnye wabo uba mali elilolo electron iperi-nitrogen (acceptor).

Bakha ion Ammonium nentlawulo esihle uhlobo olulodwa ubuthakathaka covalent bond - donor-acceptor. Ngenxa yobukhulu balo, kwentlawulo, kunye nezinye iimpawu kufane zesiqinisekiso potassium aziphathe ngathi kukho metal kwealkali. Unusual ngokoMthetho umchiza imichiza idityaniswe asidi ezenza iityuwa zibaluleke kakhulu pfunaka. Amagama, nto leyo ibonisa iimpawu kunye neempawu zenkqunto:

• amanzi ammonia;
• ammonium hayidroksayidi;
• ammonia ukuphilisa;
• ammonia abuhlungu.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Kufuneka ilunyukelwe kakhulu xa usebenza ammonia kunye nezakhi zayo. Kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule:

1. amanzi Ammonia ine livumba elibi. Irhasi zibaleke Iyandikruqula le mucosal kumphezulu ngeempumlo iso, ebangela ekhohlela.
2. Xa ukugcina ammonia ku ezineengqayi lathamba lavalwa, ampoules wakhululwa ammonia.
3. Oku kungabonwa ngaphandle izixhobo, kuphela ivumba nkqu imali encinane serhasi isisombululo kunye nomoya.
4. Umlinganiselo phakathi molecule iyatshi- yahluka kwi-pH ezahlukileyo isisombululo.
5. Ezixabisa malunga 7 unciphisa uyondelelwano lwee- igesi enetyhefu H. ₃ lwakukhula mali akuyiyo ingozi eziphilayo ukuse- NH ₄ ⁺

Ukulungiswa ammonium hayidroksayidi. iipropati ngokomzimba

Xa unyityilikiswa emanzini, ammonia kwakhiwa amanzi ammonia. Ifomula osisiqu - NH ₄ OH, kodwa enyanisweni zombini ion abakhoyo

NH ₄ ^+, OH ^{- molecule} H. ₃ H ₂ O. The Companion imichiza exchange reaction phakathi ammonia kunye namanzi, lizama karhulumente. Le nkqubo engabonakaliswa ngumphathi wesekethe, apho iintolo oppositely ngqo abonisa ukuyilungisa le nesenzeko.

Xa kulungiselelwa kwilebhu amanzi ammonia oluqhutywa amalinge kunye initrogen aqulethe. Xa ezixutywe namanzi ammonia ukunika ulwelo ecacileyo enemibala. Xa iingcinezelo eliphezulu ukunyibilika ukunyuka igesi. Amanzi elide uthuma ichithwe kuyo ammonia kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ukulungiselela iinjongo zoshishino kunye kwezolimo ngendlela engazange mveliso libenako-25 ekhulwini xa unyityilikiswa ammonia. Indlela yesibini isebenzisa indlela ye coke igesi oven ngamanzi.

Iimpawu lwemichiza ammonium hayidroksayidi

Xa ngokuqhagamshelana ulwelo ezimbini - amanzi ammonia kunye zehydrochloric acid - ezihlawulelwayo iiklabhu amhlophe yomsi. Liphethe amasuntswana imveliso awasabela ngayo - chloride ammonium. Ekubeni kukho into ekucaphukisayo afana zehydrochloric acid, basabela kwenzeka ngqo emoyeni.

Low-kwealkali iipropati imichiza ammonium hayidroksayidi:

1. Le into reversibly dissociates emanzini ukuze zenze zesiqinisekiso Ammonium kwaye kwaku- hayidroksayidi.
2. Phambi H. ₄ ⁺ ion, le nto enemibala isisombululo ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo obudaywe magenta umbala kwi alkalis.
3. Zemichiza neutralization neziphumo acid kukwenziwa neetyuwa ze amanzi: H. ₄ OH + HCl = H. ₄ Cl + H ₂ O.
4. amanzi Ammonia engena ion reaction wotshintshiselwano kunye iityuwa yesinyithi, leyo bahambelana kwisiseko buthathaka, ngaloo ndlela bakha hayidroksayidi ngamanzi-enganyibilikiyo: 2NH ₄ OH + CuCl ₂ = 2NH ₄ Cl + Cu (OH) _{2 (kwenze blue).}

amanzi Ammonia: isicelo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho

into okungaqhelekanga lisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ezolimo, amayeza kunye noshishino. ukuphilisa ammonia Technical ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, soda uthuthu, idayi kunye nezinye iimveliso. In isichumiso ulwelo iqulethe nitrogen izityalo ngokulula ifomu ukutya. Le into ithathwa ukuba libiza kancinane kwaye ngokukuko ukufakwa kwi-pre-ixesha zonke izityalo.

Kuba nokuveliswa kwamanzi ammonia wabadla mali izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kwe kumba eqinileyo granular initrojeni isichumiso. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa lolwelo isicelo amatanki hermetically closed zenziwe ngesinyithi. Ezinye iintlobo ipeyinti kunye nezixhobo bleach iinwele yakho usebenzisa ammonium hayidroksayidi. Xa iziko ngalinye amalungiselelo zonyango kunye ammonia --10 ekhulwini ammonia isisombululo.

neetyuwa: iipropati nokubaluleka practical

Izinto ezo zilungiselelwe ngokuhlanganisa ammonium hayidroksayidi isakudityaniswa nee-asidi, ezisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi zoshishino. Iityuwa nokucazululwa xa itshiswe, ukunyibilika emanzini, phantsi haydrolisis. Bengena imichiza reaction kunye alkalis kunye nezinye izinto. Ukubaluleka ibalulekileyo ezifunyenwe kloride, nitrate, sulfates, phosphate, kunye ammonium carbonate.

Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho kunye namanyathelo zokhuseleko, ukusebenza izinto, nto leyo ubunjwe ammonium ion. Xa zigcinwe izitora neenkampani zorhwebo lwezolimo, iifama kufuneka zoqhagamshelwano ezi zihlanganisi kunye alkalis kunye ikalika. Ukuba iipasile leakproof eziqala yokusabela ikhemikhali ukukhululwa igesi enetyhefu. Nabanina ukusebenza ngamanzi ammonia kunye neetyuwa yayo, kufuneka bazazi iziseko chemistry. Ngokuhambisana neemfuno zokhuseleko ngezinto ezisetyenziswayo akayi kakubi abantu okanye okusingqongileyo.