Amaqela ezezimali kunye namafama: amava aseRashiya

Amaqela ezemali kunye nezoshishino ngamaqela amashishini, abumbene nesakhiwo solawulo olufanayo kunye nomthombo wokuboleka imali, kwendima ebhanki ngokuqhelekileyo yenza ngayo. Iinkampani eziyingxenye yee-FIG ayibhekiseli imfuno yoshishino elithile. Bangakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwimarike, ukuvelisa iimveliso ezingezizo. Nangona kunjalo, lonke utyalo-mali lwenziwa kumthombo omnye. Ukongeza, ii-FIG zixhalabisa, ngamanye amaxesha iqela leenkxalabo, ininzi lazo izabelo zivela kumntu oyedwa onquma isicwangciso sophuhliso lwazo zonke iinkampani zombutho.

Ukuzimela nokuzimela

Ngokusemthethweni, ukusuka kumbono wezomthetho, loo ma shishini asebenza ngokuzimela komnye. Ngethuba elifanayo, ukuba nolawulo lwangaphandle kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali, bakha into esasidla ukubiza "amaqela emali-shishini". Yintoni ebonakalayo, nangona konke ukuzimela okubonakalayo, iinkampani zijoliswe ekuzalisekeni komsebenzi othile, onokuthi awuhambelane ngqo neemfuno zokukhula kwemali yezoqoqosho. Imali yenkcitho yezemali idlalwa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yoxinaniso lwemithombo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Amaqela ezemali kunye nezoshishino axhambanisa iinzame zomthetho, i-inshorensi, iinkampani zemali, ezinye iinkcukacha zemidiya kunye nokuveliswa kobugcisa. Yintoni enokuyibamanyanisa, ngaphezu kwenkanuko yomnqweno yomnini ukuba athole encinane? Kucacile, iipolitiki. Kuphela nje ukuphuhliswa kwezoshishino ezithile akufuneki kakhulu kumgwebo nakwezomthetho njengesiqinisekiso sezopolitiko kunye neengqungquthela zokugcina ukungahambi kakuhle kwemali ebanzi. Kwaye oku kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko yenguqu yezoshishino, yezemali, yebhanki kunye nezinye iintlobo zemali eyinkunzi kumgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko, oko kukuthi, ngamandla. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, umsebenzi weliphi na i-FIG ijolise ekuxazululeni le ngxaki.

Iiifom zamaqela ezezimali kunye namafama

• Ii-FIG zeziveliso ziyimibutho yezoshishino esebenza ngokomgaqo-nkxalabo. Iimeko ezinqabileyo xa amaqela anjalo aquka inzuzo yoshishini kwelinye isebe loqoqosho.
• Amaqela eemali kunye namashishini amashishini-amanyano adalwe kwisivumelwano kunye nekhonkco eyisiseko edale inkampani yolawulo. Zonke iinqununu zemizimba ye-FIG zigcina imeko yazo yangaphambili .

Amaqela ezezimali kunye namafama aseRussia

Ngokomgaqo, i-FIG yinto ekhethekileyo yaseRussia, eyabonakala ngenxa yommiselo ohambelana noMongameli we- RF kwisiqingatha sesibini se-1993. Ekuqaleni, kwakucatshulwa ukuba ngokwenza amaqela anjalo, urhulumente uya kukwazi ukukhawuleza ukulahla uchungechunge lwezinto ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokudala ukulahleka kwemisebenzi yeSoviet, kwaye ngandlela-thile uhlalutye unobungozi, ukhuphiswano lwangaphandle ngokwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokwakha i-FIG ayifumanga ukubunjwa kweendlela "zokudibanisa ubudlelwane", nto leyo eyabangela ukuvela kwabadlali abakhulu, abathatha isikhundla esiphezulu kwiimveliso zeemarike ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, esikhundleni sendawo yokukhuphisana elawulwayo, i-monopoly total is created that controlled all industries and sectors of the economy. Kwaye, oku, kukhokelela ekuxhaseni ngokukodwa kwamashishini kwimisebenzi yezakhiwo zombuso. Kwakungenxa yokudalwa kweeprojekthi zabo zezopolitiko abaye baqala ukudala "imfuneko" yokunyanzelisa izigqibo zezopolitiko kunye nokulawula. Yiyo ndlela uqoqosho lwazo lwaluzalwa ngalo.