Amathafa Great: inkcazelo, indawo, ngendawo

On iplanethi yethu, zininzi iindawo umdla hayi kuphela abaphandi kunye nabaphengululi, kodwa abahambi zesiqhelo. Le iintaba eziphakamileyo, amahlathi nezangaphakathi, imilambo zasendle. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kwazisa ukuba kumathafa ezinkulu ehlabathini. Musa ukucinga ukuba ezi ndawo enkulu azinamdla ukuhlola. Emva kokufunda inqaku lethu, uya kuqonda ukuba le mbono ephosakeleyo.

Baphi na Great Plains?

Amathafa eliphezulu zinamathuba ephakathi Cordillera entshona kunye Central Amathafa ukuya ngasempuma. Abaphandi wanika igama intsimi - Enkulu Plains. Ilizwekazi Intshona Melika sidume nayo Central Amathafa, kodwa iphakeme Great ezahlukeneyo, imozulu eyomileyo kunye kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Phantsi umaleko lamatye loess kunye namahlathi amanga kwezakhi Paleogene uvalwe Cretaceous. Ekubeni kukho into becala alawulwa utyani emathafeni, elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba Enkulu Plains Prairie ithafa.

Imozulu lizwekazi, ukuma (kunokuba phezulu) ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, umhlaba erodibility lula baba yezizathu zophuhliso kule nkalo ukhukhuliseko. Eyona nto uphawu isiqabu - bevala. Ukhukuliseko badla kufikelela kugqithiso enkulu - amawaka eehektare zomhlaba-kanye otyebileyo ziphendulwe kwintlango.

Amathafa Great: Imilinganiselo

Le kwihewu yinduli esezantsi kolundi e Canada nase-United States ise kwimpuma Rocky Mountains. ukuphakama kwayo ukusuka 800 ukuya 1700 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ubude - amawaka amathathu anamakhulu amathandathu km. Ububanzi - evela iikhilomitha ezintlanu ezilikhulu ukuya anamanci asibhozo. Le maphu ibonisa ukuba oku indawo enkulu - Great Plains. indawo yabo 1300000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

ukukhululeka

Plain ibanga 3600 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Bamele kwintsimi owahlukeneyo. Phezu komhlaba, Canada (eSaskatchewan River Basin) yinxalenye yayo kumntla - Alberta Plateau. It esilawulwa zomhlaba gquma. Plateau komhlaba ehlathini ezahlukeneyo, akhiwe kwimihlaba bazipheka-podzolic. Rhoqo kunye ezithile nooAshera Aspen.

Echibini Missouri (Missouri Plateau) ithi isiqabu siziinduli gquma kunye omzimba eyomeleleyo ilunga, emathafeni utyani ka-Aspen kunye ezinde ooAshera, ezahlulwe emaqeleni forb. Ezo namageduka uphawu Ishimskaya emathafeni (South eSiberia). Embindini ka yethafa xitsunga moraines ekupheleni.

South of the Missouri Plateau yi kumathafa iyinkangala. Le mimandla azichatshazelwa glaciation; umphezulu dissected yimilambo, lihlangana kancinane. Akukho utyani ihlathi - kule thafa esilawulwa emathafeni ithafa lengca, kwizihlambo exineneyo nesigqubuthelo. Kule nxalenye Amathafa Enkulu kudala kulinywa, ukhukuliseko ngokukhethekileyo iqhubeka.

Ngokubhekele phaya emazantsi kukho ihewu Llano Estacado. It has a isiqabu ngakumbi ebulungelelanisile, leyo kwezinye iindawo liyangxengwa sinkholes. Utyani lehewu emathafeni, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana cactus elinye columnar kunye yucca.

Xa kanye ngasezantsi Amathafa Enkulu Edwards Plateau, nto leyo imbonakalo ufana kubume kwimimandla Mexico ezingqongileyo kunye succulents kwayo (yucca, Cacti). Le mathafa dissected kancinane iyahluka kwayo kwimihlaba nezompleyini.

jikelele silwane

Great Amathafa, kwingingqi leyo kakhulu, zahluke kakhulu fauna ezahlukeneyo, oludityaniswe ngqo obanzi umlinganiswa. Kumntla uyakwazi ukufumana amathafa inyathi, neula pronghorn, kwimimandla akumzantsi nombindi kuhlala emathafeni impungutye, ingcuka, izinja enkangala. Of kwiintaka twa ukhetshe enkangala kunye enkangala iinkukhu.

ithafa Russian

Iingcali elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba kummandla we-East European Plain. Le yokugcina yokwenene yendalo Russia. Lithethe ityala ngokwakho: iziseko zawo ilala yamalahle, intsimbi, i-oli negesi yendalo, kunye neminye imithombo luncedo. kumhlaba walo otyebileyo, ngokutsho iingcali, ngokulula ukondla eRashiya.

Plain Enkulu Russian yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini, yesibini kuphela Amazon. Lingcwaba lomfo neentili. Ukusuka emantla kokuhlanjwa yi-White kunye Barents Seas, i lweCaspian, Azov kunye Black - emzantsi.

Njengabanye ezinkqantosini ezininzi kakhulu ehlabathini, Russian ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga ezikufutshane ezintabeni - i Sudeten, i Carpathians, kumntla-ntshona Kwenza iintaba yaseScandinavia empuma - i Urals kunye Mugodzhary, nakwelasezantsi-mpuma - neCaucasus kunye iCrimea Mountains .

zobukhulu

ithafa Russian asuka ukusuka empuma kuye entshona ngu 2.5 ophosa. Lithabathele ezantsi lise entla - km 2750. Le ndawo iyonke - ezintlanu kunye ezikwere zeekhilomitha million ezinesiqingatha. ukuphakama obukhulu obhaliswe Yudychvumchorr ntaba (Kola Peninsula - 1191 imitha). Esibi kunazo luLwandle lweCaspian, oko iphawulwa ixabiso thabatha kweemitha -27.

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Plain ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo phakathi kumazwe afana:

• Kazakhstan.
• Belarus.
• Lithuania.
• Latvia.
• Poland.
• Moldova.
• Russia.
• Estonia.
• Ukraine.

ukukhululeka

Xa ukukhululeka Russian Plain ilawulwa yi-moya. Ezo indawo okuyo inika iinyikima enqabileyo mlilo.

hydrography

Kwindawo engundoqo ye amanzi Russian Plain laseka eKFC olwandle. South nasentshonalanga omlambo ziphantsi Atlantic isitya. River imimandla yomntla kweyela Arctic Ocean. Ukuze zasentla imilambo Onega, Mezen kunye naseMntla Dvina Pechora. Imilambo southern nasentshonalanga ukuphala ukuya kuLwandle lweBaltic. Oku ke Dvina Western, Vistula, i Neman, i Neva njl Dniester kunye Dnieper, Southern Bug beyela kuLwandle Black, kunye Don - .. In Azov.

sezulu

Russian imozulu plain ezahlukeneyo yezwekazi ziingcathu. Izinga zasehlotyeni avareji zingaqala degrees -12 (indawo Barents) nangokwamanqanaba +25 (on the lweCaspian uxinzelelo). Iqondo lobushushu ebusika larekodwa entshona. Kule mimandla, ubushushu umoya ngezantsi -3 ° C. E Komi, eli nani kufika kumgomo we 20.

Kwemvula e ukuwa emzantsi-mpuma ukuya 400 mm (phakathi nonyaka), ukuya entshona yenani labo kabini. iindawo zendalo ziyahluka ukusuka semi-entlango apha ngasezantsi, kumathafa emantla.

China plain

Kweli kucace, ndiqinisekile abaninzi baye beva, kodwa iphi Enkulu China Plain ukuze wazi yonke into. Omnye kumathafa ezinkulu Asia. Empumalanga kokuhlanjwa yi- Sea Yellow, kumda osemantla Yanshan Iintaba kwakunye ukuya ngasentshona - i Taihang entabeni kuluhlu. mathambeka mpuma ezi emaweni, ukuphakama ngaphezu kwewaka leemitha. Kule lwamawa kumzantsi-ntshona ibekwe Dabeshan kunye Tunboshan. Le ndawo iyonke kumathafa - ngaphezulu kwe-325 lamawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Kulo piedmont, inxalenye wasentshona, nto leyo ubunjwe nezikhukhula fan yamandulo, ithafa kwi ukuphakama ifikelela ezilikhulu leemitha. Kufutshane elwandle owayo ngaphantsi kweemitha amahlanu.

ukukhululeka

On elunxwemeni okungenanto phantse tyaba, lunomahluko ezincinane kuphela ebonakalayo. Kukho imigxobhozo ekuhlala namachibi ukuncipha encinane. Phakathi kumathafa iintaba Shandong.

umfula

Ukongeza sikhulu Yellow River, Huaihe River elibaleka apha, Haihe. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ukuhla kunokuba elibukhali kwi kwemali kunye elingenazo urhulumente.

nangodaka ehlotyeni obukhulu kudla obungaphezu ngumthombo ubuncinane phantse izihlandlo ezilikhulu.

iimeko zemozulu

China Plain yahlukile zemvula sezulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ebusika apha emoyeni owomileyo nengqele olubangelwa Asia. NgoJanuwari, umlinganiselo wobushushu ulingana izidanga -2 ...- 4.

Ehlotyeni, umoya ukufudumala ku +25 ... + 28 degrees. Imvula up yonyaka 500 mm mvula emantla ukuya ku-1000 mm kwelasezantsi.

uhlaza

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abayigcina ikhula apha phambi zehlathi admixture kwezihlahla sub-kweenjiko. Kukho Ashera wentaba imithi, arborvitae nemipopulari, pine.

Imihlaba becala nezikhukhula, eziye ukufumene utshintsho olubalulekileyo ekusetyenzweni kwezolimo.

emathafeni Amazon

Lo mmandla mkhulu ehlabathini. Lufikelela kuyo indawo kweekhilomitha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 square. ukuphakama kwayo eliphezulu - iimitha 120.

iindawo ezinkulu nelezihlambo ezingenakwahlulwa kunye nobomi oMlambo Amazon - ummandla ngamanzi sikhulu ehlabathini. Inxalenye enkulu kowakhe ummandla wezandyondyo lomlambo amanzi rhoqo, nto leyo uluhlu lwemimandla Amathafa (imigxobhozo).