Ubhedu obomvu: iipropati kunye neempawu

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ubhedu bunombala obomvu obunobumba obunobungangamsha obuhle. Kodwa umbala oqhelekileyo we-Yard-Copper awunakucwecwe kwiimvulo zobomvu. Yayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwimifanekiso yokudweba, ukudaya iingubo kunye nezitsha zendlu, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlobisa. Akuzange ilahlekelwe ixabiso layo nanamhlanje, nangona iteknoloji yokuvelisa iye yafumana utshintsho oluninzi. Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela ngokucacileyo uhlobo luni lwepeyinti, yiyiphi imbali yayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwimveliso yamanje.

Iyintoni ubhedu?

Ipeyinti iveliswa yiinkqubo ezinzima zeekhemikhali. Ngolwimi lwezesayensi, le ngqungquthela eyinkimbinkimbi ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yethusi ye-acetic acid. Iikristali zale nkunkuma zinemibala ebomvu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza upende.

Amabanga kunye nemibala ye-Iberian-Copper

Umbala oluhlaza we-Yard-Copper ngowona oqhelekileyo. Ingaba neendwangu ezahlukileyo, ezivela ebusweni obubandayo ukuya kufudumele-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengamaphiko e-summer bug. Kweminye imithombo, ibizwa ngokuba yintetho yesiNgesi, kuba sele bevelise upende eNgilani. Namhlanje, ukuveliswa kusekwe kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka uRashiya. Oku kufunyenwe ngenxa yokubhenca kwethusi ye-acetic acid.

Kukho olunye uhlobo - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oludla ngokuba yiFrentshi, kodwa ngokungafani nebanga lokuqala, lenzelwe ikakhulu eMontpellier (eFransi). Ukufumana i-yarite enjalo, ubhedu buboniswe kwiimpembelelo ezide ezithathwa ngamagilebhisi aqingqiweyo.

Iipropati

Ipeyinti, elungiselelwe ngesiseko se-yar-copper, ithathwa njengomelele kwaye i-opaque. Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, umgangatho kufuneka uphitswe kwaye uhlawule, ukwenzela ukuba umlotha uhlale uphawule. Faka isicelo sokupenda imibala engaphezulu. Ixesha lokumisa lendawo yepeyinti liphakathi.

Ngamanye amaxesha abaculi basebenzisa ipeyinti njengamathelisi, kwinqanaba elitsha lezinto ezingabonakaliyo zokuhlobisa zinamathele ngokuthe tye.

Imvelaphi yomlando: Indlela yokupheka iYard-Copper eRashiya

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abantu baye bafunda ukwenza upende olunjalo kungekudala. Kwakuyaziwa ukuba iYard-Copper eRussia, apho yaziswa khona, mhlawumbi, ukusuka eByzantium. I-Copper ayikwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza nje kuphela ngama-reagents ebhoratri, kodwa kunye namaziko athile afumaneke ngakumbi. Xa abantu beqaphele ukuba esi sinyithi sinokutshintsha umbala nakubonxibelelwano nesikhumba. Mhlawumbi oku kwakungokuqala kokuvavanya ngobhedu. Akukho nanye kwiimvavanyo zelabhoratri kwimihla yakudala kwaye kwakungekho nkulumo, kodwa iicidi ze-acidi zininzi kwiibhanji, iziqhamo, imifuno, iinxalenye zezityalo.

Namhlanje kuyaziwa, ukusuka kwintoni eyenziwe ngethusi e-Russia. Ngenxa yoko, iiplati zethusi okanye izitya ze-shavings zazisetyenziselwa, kunye neeperesi ezigonywe ngamanzi. Umxube wagxininiswa kwindawo efudumele malunga neveki ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, iimveliso zokuvumba kwe-starch equle kwi-pea eyenziwa ngobhedu, okubangela ukuveliswa kwezinto eziyimfuneko, eziluhlaza okomhlaza okanye oluhlaza.

Ngesiseko sezinto ezifunyenweyo, iipalenti zenziwe, ezazisetyenziselwa ukutyhila ilinen, ikotoni kunye neengubo zeeboya, intambo, izinto zobomi bemihla ngemihla, izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo, nakwixesha elizayo nangona xa kubhala iincwadi. Abalingisi beempawu, abaculi, abafaki-mifanekiso babasebenzisa i-yaras.

Ukuveliswa kunye nesicelo kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje

Inkqubo yokwenza i-pigment ihluke kwixesha elidala, kodwa lisekelwe kwinto efanayo yokutsala kweethusi kunye ne-reagent. Abakhiqizi banamhlanje basebenzisa iivats ezinkulu, apho amacwecwe amacwecwe amancinci kunye ne-actic actic acid okanye iivilhimka ze-vyshimka i-flaol flaps zibekiwe. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-plaque ye-pigment (yar) iqala ukwenza kwifomati zetsimbi, izikhelo zenziwe phakathi kobhedu kunye nelaphu ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela komoya. Inkqubo yokwandiswa okulandelelweyo kwe-layer lay iri iinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngeli xesha, ishidi ngalinye eligqithisiweyo liluhlu oluyingcosana lamangentimitha. I-yar ihluke ngokulula kwi-substrate yensimbi, kwaye iguqulelwe ibe yinhlama ngokusebenzisa i-reagents ekhethekileyo kunye namanzi. Ikhuselwe elangeni ukuze igaya kwaye ilungiselele ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi njenge-pigment.

Ngokwezigaba zanamhlanje, ukubiza ipeyinti yombumba, kubangelwa kukuba, akunjalo ngokuchanekileyo, kuba ekubunjweni kwayo kukhoyo kunye ne-organic. Kodwa inkcazo enjalo iyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye iyaqhelaniswe nakwabo baziyo kakuhle ukuba kubhedu ubhedu-ubhedu.

Indlela echazwe yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa ayikho yodwa. Ukufumana i-pigment, amanye amachwebhile athile afanelekileyo asetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha.

Namhlanje iYary-Medyanka isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezifanayo njengaphambili. Ngesiseko sayo, iipenisi ezahlukeneyo zilungiselelwe, ezijoliswe ekuboniseni izixhobo zendalo kunye nemvelo.