Amaziko microfinance: kuluhlu. iziko microfinance - ukuba ...

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalokho okwenza amaziko microfinance (MFIs), oko imali lukhona, olawula umsebenzi wabo, yaye yintoni iingenelo esizifumana kuzo umboleki. Kodwa kuqala zonke kuyimfuneko ukuchaza elithi ngokwayo.

Yintoni microfinance

Ngoko nangoko emva ingenisiwe, igama elithi "microfinance" libhekisela iinkonzo uboleka, apho kubonelelwa kumashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi. Le ndlela efikelelekayo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa inkqubo kwafuneka Kwathi ukwenzela ukuba bafumane ikhredithi ngenxa ishishini njengoko zebhanki ngokwesiqhelo.

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha eli gama uphulukene intsingiselo yawo yokuqala. MFIs baye baqhubeka ukunika Uboleke zoshishino, kodwa ngoku abathengi zabo abantu. Bona banikwa ithuba lokufumana i-mboleko micro - yinto mboleko yethutyana engadingi ukuba uhlalutyo ngokucokisekileyo imeko yemali mboleki kunye kreditoplatezhnosti.

MFI - yintoni na?

Ngenxa yoko, microfinance umbutho - umbutho non-bank, ogama imisebenzi swi uboleka kumashishini kunye nabantu. Ezi scheme mboleko ukukhutshwa ilula kakhulu kunokuba ebhankini. Njengaye nawuphi na umbutho, ukugqibezela umsebenzi MFIs kufuneka eyinkunzi. MFI kuthabatheka izibonelelo ezithathwe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo. Eyokuqala ipesenti ephezulu mboleko sivunyiwe, kwakunye nokubambisana abatyali-mali. Iiplastiki zombini abantu kunye nemibutho zebhanki. Kwimeko yokugqibela, i MFI i ezizalwa yiBhanki.

Funda MFI phakathi kwezinye amaziko zemali nje. Bona ukutsala ingqalelo slogans yayo intengiso ngomoya "Imali ukuhlawula", "Credit imizuzu eli-15," "Imali Quick" njalo njalo. D. iinkonzo zabo kuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, le mibutho kufuneka abantu hayi ngaphezulu kwe 1-2.

types of MFIs

ilizwe ngalinye uchaza izimvo zayo MFIs yi-sikhokelo esemthethweni. kwakhona kugqiba fom yobhaliso. Eyona nto njengenqobo, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba ufuna umbutho microfinance - inkqubo lula ngetyala. Ngoko ke, zonke izakhiwo non-bank esebenzayo ngokusemthethweni ukuba baqhube uboleka izikim ezinjalo zingahlulwa zibe ndidi zilandelayo:

• neqela lezemali.
• Fund for Support Entrepreneurship.
• Credit Union.
• Credit Society.
• agency Credit.
• op Credit.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, MFIs zininzi nkampani yeebhanki. imisebenzi efana ngokuba elidlulileyo eyingenelo kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba ibhange ithuba uboleke kwi amazinga enzala ukuba amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu kwezo zikhutshwa ngqo ngakuye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho umngcipheko enkulu ukuba lo ngetyala uya kuhlala obalaseleyo.

Ngubani livelela umsebenzi MFIs

Iqumrhu eliyintloko iliso umsebenzi MFIs, i-Central Bank of the State apho umbutho ukho. Mvume ezi zinto liveza Central Bank. amaziko microfinance kwakhona kwirejista karhulumente. Ukongeza, ukuba akwazi ukufumana imvume ngaloo maziko ezilawula ukusebenza namanye amaziko zemali.

FZ "Kwi microfinance Imibutho"

Ukuba sithethe eRashiya, kukho kuye kwabonakala intsontelo ishishini hayi kudala. Ngako oko, imithetho elawula imisebenzi yabo, ukuba sele uthathe kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Okwangoku, kukho imithetho emibini elawula microfinance:

• FZ "On imibutho microfinance kunye microfinance" (eyamkelwa kwi-02.07.2010).
• FZ "On Izilungiso ezithile Izenzo lokuwisa imithetho Russian Federation ngokunxulumene ukwamkelwa noMthetho Federal" On imibutho microfinance kunye microfinance "(eyamkelwa kwi-05.07.2010).

Ukungqinelana igama umthetho, kukho ezinye umda iintlobo kunye nemithetho igalelo. Ukuba sithethe ngayo imali-mboleko, ngoko ke akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1 engange. Ngelo xesha wakwalela kunikezelo mboleko kwemali amazwe, kungakhathaliseki mali. Kwimeko apho ibhanki utyalo ukufumana igalelo, ogama ubukhulu ayikho ngaphantsi kwe million 1.5 (abagcinisa enye).

Ukongeza, onke MFIs Russia kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ulwazi malunga nemicimbi yemali kubaboleki uya kusindiswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba amboleke MFIs akanalo ilungelo lokufuna ukubonelela iinombolo zefowuni "abahlobo" ngubani na ingxelo intlawulo emva phantsi sivumelwano semali-mboleko, ukuba akukho ithuba lokudibana yi-nye umnikimali nomamkelimali.

credits

Kukholelwa ukuba i MFI ukulungele ukunika ngetyala ukuba phantse bonke emva kwesi sibheno. Kodwa oku kungachananga. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze umxhasi, nawuphi na umbutho kufuneka ufumanise creditworthiness umthengi lowo. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa amanqaku ngetyala. Le nkqubo ivumela mboleki abanesakhono ukufumana imali-mboleko okanye ukwala ukuba imizuzu eli-10-15. Ukongeza, le nkonzo nokuba iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi.

Credit amanqaku - inkqubo uhlalutyo mboleki ukuba ahlawule, olusekelwe phezu algorithm ethile kwaye lwaqhutywa yi-processing of data zobuqu. Isiphumo zokuhlela i data lubonakaliswa amanqaku. Loo inkqubo yokuhlawula amatyala ye client usebenzisa phantse onke amaziko microfinance. I-mboleko ndlela anikwe asinto umsebenzi MFI, yaye inkqubo yekhompyutha, ngokuba kuphela iziphumo yomsebenzi wayo kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo.

Ukuba iziphumo ezinokuba ngetyala amanqaku ubolekayo ezinganyibiliki kakhulu, imali-mboleko unokwenza phantse loo mini. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhuphe mboleko, ngokufuthi ngaphantsi kunalowo wabhengezwa ekuqaleni. Inyaniso kukuba ngoncedo amanqaku lwamatyala kakhulu ukuzenza ukuhlola creditworthiness uMthengi, kunokuba zisekelwe kuphela umbono wakhe, nto leyo edla babebiza imali.

Inzala ibalwa yonke imihla, kungekhona ngenyanga okanye ngonyaka, njengoko kunjalo kunye neebhanki. Ngoko ke, ezininzi mboleko MFI zikhutshwa kuphela iiveki ezimbini okanye inyanga. Kungenjalo, le egqithisileyo kwi-mboleko akwazi ukuxoxa imali amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu mkhulu kunalowo umboleki sele ifunyenwe.

utyalo-mali

Simele sithethe ngakumbi malunga apho MFI ufumana imali yayo. Umbutho microfinance ukuze basebenzisane kunye kubatyali-mali. Nangenxa yokuba uRhulumente ayiniki isiqinisekiso yayo ngenxa iidipozithi e MFIs ukutyala kuzo imali yakho yingozi. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba umtyali uya kufumana mdla, kodwa silahlekelwe igalelo labo. Ukutyala imali kumaziko microfinance ziye eziliqela umahluko ukusuka ifakwe kwibhanki :

1. Ingeniso enokuzuzwa evela kutyalo-mali ezinjalo, ibhanki lidlula amaxesha 1.5-2.
2. Umngcipheko attachments, ngokulandelelana, naye aphezulu kakhulu.
3. Kwimeko lotyalo-mali MFI ukurhoxiswa yokuqala iminikelo kwiimeko ezininzi akunakwenzeka (ngaphandle - eli ithuba ngakumbi ikhankanyiwe kwisivumelwano). Iibhanki lungelo liqinisekiswa ngumthetho-mali.
4. Umtyali ufumana ingeniso evela MFIs ukuba uhlawule irhafu yengeniso karhulumente. iidipozithi Bank iya kuba irhafu kuphela kwezinye iimeko.

Njengoko ubona, eziyimveliso yotyalo-mali kakhulu phezulu, kodwa umngcipheko ubuninzi. Ukongeza, oko konyusa kakhulu ngexesha lokudodobala zemali, xa inkoliso kubaboleki kabukhali lifinyele kwinqanaba yengeniso. Ukuba umbutho onjalo uvakaliswa yimali, umtyali-mali kuya kuba nako ukubuyela nokuba negalelo, singasathethi ke pesenti, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi iziko microfinance - liziko ayinayo yepropati akwazi kuthengiswa ityala.

Olusuka phambili MFIs Russia

Nangona zonke iingozi kunye namazinga aphezulu inzala mboleko, abantu abaninzi kubonakala ngonyaka ngamnye, abeza kumaziko microfinance. Uluhlu eenkampani liyenyuka kunye kwiinkonzo ezifunwayo ezinjalo. Ethandwa kakhulu zezi:

1. "Platiza".
2. MoneyMan.
3. "Bystrodengi".
4. "Mboleko".
5. "MigKredit".
6. "Zaymer".
7. imali Viva.
8. "Mani Fanny."
9. "Rusmikrofinans".
10. MFI "Summit".

amaziko microfinance, uluhlu abunikiweyo ngentla, singene phezulu iindawo ezilishumi ekhokelayo simo, nto leyo yaqulunqwa ngokungqinelana izicelo abasebenzisi kunye nezihlandlo kukhankanywa kumajelo eendaba.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ukuqwalasela zonke iingenelo neengozi kwalo mbutho, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba imali kwezi beenkampani lutho kuloo ndawo ukuya mboleki kuqala. iziko microfinance - liziko wadalelwa ngenjongo yomsebenzi. Ngoko ke, i MFI bubangela umdla ukusuka kwinqanaba ngenxa yotyalo-mali.

Nangona kunjalo, lo nokubhala zemali uninzi lwabantu kunye mkhwa lokuphila uncedo mboleko ukuze kwandiswe inani loo mibutho kweli lizwe. Into esemqoka etsala abantu - kulula ngetyala, akukho mfuneko ukunika iphakheji lwamaxwebhu, efumene ekhawulezayo imali ezinkozo, kwaye ukukwazi ukuthatha ngetyala nakwabo bathe imbali ibhuqiwe ngetyala.