Amblyopia - ntoni na? Amblyopia Abantwana: ubungakanani kunye nonyango

Ngokwezibalo zamvanje, i-amblyopia yafunyanwa kwi-2% yabantu abadala kwilizwe lethu, kodwa phakathi kwabantwana le meko ihlukile, eqinisekisiwe ngamafowuni rhoqo kwiikliniki zamehlo okanye kumaziko oonyango. Ngokweengcali, uninzi lwabazali abancinci abazi ukuba yiyiphi i-amblyopia kubantwana, kwaye abaqapheli nje iimpawu zayo, kodwa kunye neziphumo ezinokwenzeka. Ngako oko, inqaku la namhlanje lizinikele kwimpendulo yalo mbuzo.

Yintoni i-amblyopia

Le ngozi, ebizwa ngokuba yiso "ilumkileyo," ibonakala ngokunciphisa okubonakalayo kumbono omnye okanye ngaphantsi kwamabini omabili. Oku kungenxa yezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, ezinjenge-strabismus, i-pathologies yezantsi kweso, i-clouding ye-lens. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokubona komfanekiso okwaneleyo kuphazamiseka. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ubona imifanekiso ehlukileyo epheleleyo kunomqulu owodwa, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi weso linye uqale ukucinywa kwaye uhlahloke ngokuhamba kwexesha. Njengoko uyazi, ukuba umntu unomzimba omnye ongasebenzi, uya kugqithisa. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokukhawuleza unyango luqala, lukhulu amathuba okufumana umntwana ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa malunga nale ndlela.

Iintlobo ze-amblyopia

Xa ubuzwa malunga ne-amblyopia - yintoni na, kuthethwa ukuba esi sifo sinokudideka kunye nezinye izifo, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngoko ke, ukuze ugweme iphoso enjalo, qwalasela iintlobo ze-amblyopia.

Kukho iifom zaseprayimari nezisekondari. Eziphambili zithwala:

1. I-amblyopia ye-Refractive, ebonakala kubantwana abanokulungiswa okungahlawulwanga kwe-ametropia. Ukwahlula omnye umgca, uhlangothi lwesibini, olulinganayo kunye nolunye.
2. Disbinocular amblyopia. Njengoko usenokuba uqagela, entliziyweni yentsholongwane enjalo yintlupheko yombono we- binocular, ophazamiseka yi-strabismus kunye nokungabikho kwonyango olufike ngexesha. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, le ntsholongwane ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwiso elithandayo.
3. I-amblyopia edibeneyo, ebonakaliswa kubini kwimbonakalo yefayili kunye nefomatically forms.
4. Hysterical amblyopia. Ukuphungulwa kombono kule meko kwenzeka xa inkqubo ye-nervous central iphazamiseka. Isizathu esona siqhelo sisifo sengqondo.

Malunga ne-amblyopia yesibini kufuneka uqaphele ukuba imbangela yesi sifo ingaba yinkqubo yezilwanyana ezibonakalayo, ezazisuswa ngempumelelo. Kodwa ngenxa yale nto kwaye ingawa nombono.

Iquka:

1. I-obscuration amblyopia, eyabonakala ngenxa yokugula kwelungu elibonakalayo, elivimbela ukubonakala komfanekiso kwi-retina. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo zintlungu ezizalwe ngumntwana okanye ezitholakalayo. Ifom ye-obscurational ingazibonakalisa kwelinye okanye zombini amehlo.
2. Neurogenic amblyopia. Isizathu sinokuba sisifo se-nertic optic. Iziganeko zokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo zijoliswe namhlanje. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango lwaloo ntsholongwane luqala emva kokuhlinzwa.
3. Maculopathic. Ikhula emva kwezifo ezithunyelwe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwiindawo eziphambili ze-retina.
4. Nystagmic amblyopia. Ukubizwa xa ixesha elide lomfanekiso liyancitshiswa kwindawo ephakathi kwe-retina.
5. I-amblyopia edibeneyo. Kubonakaliswe ngumbutho weefom apha ngasentla.

Strabismus ene-amblyopia

Kodwa ngazo zonke iindidi zezizathu ezikhokelela kwi-amblyopia, ukuxhatshazwa kuphakathi kwazo zonke. Njengoko kuyaziwa, ngokuqhelekileyo izihlunu zamehlo zihamba ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwelungu. Kodwa ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi kumsebenzi omnye ubuncinci omnye, kubonakala ingxaki ekulawuleni ukunyakaza, oko kukuthi, i-strabismus iyaqhubeka, emva koko i-amblyopia yelihlo ivela. Ngoko, sinokuthetha ukuba i-strabismus ne-amblyopia ngamacala amabini enye.

Kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukuba buthathaka kwesisipha, mahlule:

1. Ukujonga phambili.
2. Ukuphazamiseka kwi-psyche.
3. Ukulimala kwiso.

Symptomatics

Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo ziquka:

1. Ukunciphisa ubunzima obubonakalayo kwelinye okanye zombini amehlo.
2. Ukuqhelana nokuxakeka kwezinto ezibandakanya ukuqonda okungahambi kakuhle ngezinto ezibonakalayo.
3. Iingxaki ngexesha loqeqesho.
4. Ukuphambuka kweso kwinqanaba elingaphambeneyo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokubona.

Diagnostics

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, impendulo kumbuzo wokuba i-amblyopia - yintoni na, kwaye eli nqaku liya kunikezelwa. Ngoko ke, sijika kwibali lokuxilongwa kwesi sifo. Ngoko, abantwana benza oku ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umbono

Njengomthetho, ngexesha ngalinye umntwana unalo uhlobo lwebar yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa umsebenzi we-optometrist kufuneka ube ngowona mhlaba ukhangeleka ngaphandle kokulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa. Iimpawu zokuqhuba i-visionimetry kubantwana ziquka:

1. Ukucaciswa phambi kokubhalwa kweemviwo, nokuba umntwana uyazi imifanekiso eboniswe etafileni.
2. Ukuqhuba uphononongo ngokudumisa rhoqo umntwana, ukuba uphendule ngokuchanekileyo.
3. Ukuba kukho ukubonakala okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuphindwe uviwo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye kufuneka uqale ngamehlo abonisa umphumo obi kakhulu.

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo yolu vavanyo yinkqubo yokubeka iliso ngokucophelela komntwana ukwenzela ukuba imlondoloze kwi-squinting.

Refractometry

Unako ukubonisa ukuba kukho i-amblyopia kubantwana okanye cha. Kukho uphando olunjalo usebenzisa i-refractometer okanye i-keratofractometer. Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuxilongweni kukubeka ngokufanelekileyo komntwana emva kwesixhobo. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba izixhobo eziphambili zeso sixhobo zinokuthi zihluke ngokukodwa kwezi zinto zilandelayo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhube uvavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo ngezihlandlo eziliqela ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa "kwe-amblyopia kwiso".

Amagatya

Okwangoku, oogqirha baye bahlukanisa la manqanaba alandelayo e-amblyopia:

1. Iqondo eliphantsi kakhulu - ubunzima obubonakalayo 0.8-0.9.
2. Ephantsi - 0.5-0.7.
3. U-Amblyopia wezinga eliphakathi - 0,3-0,4.
4. Ephakamileyo - 0.05-0.2.
5. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo obuphantsi kwe-0.05.

I-amblyopia yezinga eliphezulu lihlala lihamba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemiboniso yombono.

U-Amblyopia kubantwana: unyango

Ngokuxilongwa kwe-amblyopia, unyango lunokubambisana kunye nokusebenza.

Kubalulekile! Isalathiso sezinto ezibonakalayo emva kokuba utyando luchaphazeleke kwiqondo le-amblyopia.

Ngoko, kuthekani ukuba i-amblyopia ifumaneka kubantwana? Unyango, njengomthetho, uqala ngokunyuka, ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulungiswa kunye nokunyangwa kwonyango.

Ukulungiswa kokusebenza

Xa ufumanisa umntwana nge-amblyopia, ehamba kunye ne-ametropia, enye yeemeko zonyango oluyimpumelelo kukuqeshwa kweengqungqelo zokugqoka okanye iilensi. Ingqwalasela ingakumbi kwi-degrees ephakamileyo ye-ametropia kufuneka inikwe ukukhethwa kwee-lens zamanqanaba aphakamileyo, kukhethwa ngokucwangciswa kwe-aspheric, njengoko ezi iilensi zinendawo efanelekileyo kakhulu ye-optics, ebaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwe-amblyopia.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamathuba

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-occlusion kukude kumgangatho weliyeza. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka:

1. Ukuchaneka (xa iso lihlala lihleli).
2. Ukuguquka (xa iliso livala, obunobunono obubonakalayo buphantsi).
3. Ukunye okunye (ukutshintsha ukuvala iso).

Kuye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza:

1. Rhoqo.
2. Nxalenye.
3. Ubuncinci.

Umgaqo wale ndlela kukuphucula ukusebenza kwamehlo angaboni kakuhle ngaphandle kwemehlo enempilo. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, ukuphumelela kwale ndlela kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6 kuncinci kakhulu kunabo abadala. Oku kubangelwa ubunzima obuninzi, obunxulumene ngakumbi kwingqondo yengqondo.

Into ebalulekileyo yonyango oluyimpumelelo kukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwembombo.

Kodwa kuya kuchaneka ukukhankanya kunye nezinye iinkalo ezimbi, ezinokubandakanya indlela yokunyuka. Ziquka:

1. Ukunciphisa umgangatho wombono kwiso eliphilileyo. Oku kwenzeka, njengomthetho, ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokunganaki kubazali kunye noogqirha.
2. Ukuphuhliswa okanye ukuqiniswa kwe-strabismus.
3. I-diplopia (kabini yezinto).
4. Iingxaki zesikhumba.
5. Iimpendulo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuqaphele ukuba esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokungaphumeleli kwonyango ngumsebenzi wokuzibandakanya ngabantwana ngokwabo ngokugqithisa ixesha elide le-bandage.

Ukugqitywa kwemali

Ukugqitywa kwemali yindlela yokonyango kwesi sifo, edala i-anisometropia yokufakelwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela eyahlukeneyo yokulungiswa okubonakalayo kunye kunye kunye (ngokutsho komyalelo wecirkrit) kwesohlwayo kweso, apho iphesenti yombono iphezulu. Umgaqo we-atropine kukudala ukuxhamla kwamehlo omzimba emva kokugxilwa, okubangela ukuba iso lisebenze ngakumbi. Le ndlela, ngokungafani nokulumba, ifanelekileyo ngakumbi kubantwana kwaye iphumelela ngakumbi.

Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba naye unamaphuzu angalunganga. Ziquka:

1. Ukubonakala kobomvu kwesikhumba.
2. Ukuthukuthela kwiso.
3. Iintloko zentloko.
4. Uphulo olunzulu lombono.

Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukunyanzeliswa kokunyuka. Idibanisa iindlela ezijoliswe ekubuyiseleni okanye ekuphuculeni ukulungiswa kunye nokunyakaza kwamehlo, ukuqonda kwendawo, indawo yokuhlala. Kule nto, ukulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo kunokusetyenziswa, umzekelo we-synoptophor. Enye yeenzuzo zale ndlela yinkcenkcesho ebonakalayo kwithuba lotyando kunye namazinga aphezulu aphezulu okubonakalayo.

Unyango lwe-amblyopia kunye ne-strabismus

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, unyango lwe-amblyopia luya kuqala kuphela emva kokupheliswa kwezizathu zayo. Yaye ukuba i-amblyopia ikhula ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yendlela, ngokokuqala ke siyichitha. Kule mihla, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunyanga le nzala. Ezi ndlela zisebenza kunye nezonyango:

1. Pleoptika. Unyango lubandakanya ukuqinisa umthwalo kwilihlo, elineenkomo. Ukufezekisa le mpu, sebenzisa zombini i-laser ekhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zePC.
2. IiOthoptics. Kule meko, izixhobo zokudibanisa kunye neenkqubo zePC zisetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umbono kunye nokuphelisa i-strabismus.
3. Diplomacy. Ukubuyiselwa kombono ekhaya.
4. Izenzo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula izihlunu zeso.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-strabismus ayiyi kudlula ngobudala, njengoko abanye abantu bakholelwa ngokuphosakeleyo. Ukongeza, ukuba ayikwazi ukuphiliswa ngexesha, kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Khumbula ukuba ubudala obuphezulu xa unyango lwe-strabismus lunikeza impembelelo engcono kwiminyaka engama-25.

Unyango lwekhaya

Ukungahambi kakuhle kwesi sifo kubangelwa ukuba inzondelelo engapheliyo ngexesha lonyango lwakhe, kuya kubuyiselwa kwakhona. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa ukunyamezela kubazali, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana onesi-amblyopia ufumanisa ukuba akayiqondi into ekuthethwa ngayo ukubona kakuhle, kuba umgangatho wemboniso ubonakala ungokoqobo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukudibanisa iinkqubo kumaziko ezonyango kunye nokunyangwa kwe-amblyopia ekhaya. Emva koko, kuphela umsebenzi odibeneyo wentsapho yonke inokuvelisa umphumo onqwenela kwaye ulindele ixesha elide, njengobuso obuhle. Uncedo kule nkqubo ekhethekileyo kunyango lwe-amblyopia ekhaya. Nangona iprogram nganye ikhethwe ngugqirha ngabanye, kodwa kukho izifundo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kumntu wonke.

Ukuzivocavoca ngesibane sombane

Ukwenza oku, thabatha iphepha elimnyama elinamaphepha kunye ne-bulb enegunya lokufika kwi-80 V. Ngokulandelayo, cima isangqa sephepha elinomyinge we-8 mm uze uyifake kwi-bulb. Emva koko, umntwana kufuneka avaliwe iliso, elibona libhetele, kunye nemizuzwana engama-30 lijonge i-bulb ekhanyayo, kwaye emva koko kwiphepha elimhlophe eliphepha eliphambili, elixhomekeke eludongeni. Jonga uze ufumane umfanekiso wesibane sokukhanya ephepheni. Ukuzivocavoca kufuneka kuphindiwe kwiinyanga ezi-1-2 eziliqela ngeentsuku.

Ukuzivocavoca ngesicatshulwa

Sivaliwe umntwana ngomboniso weeyame owona kakuhle. Sithatha isicatshulwa esilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ngefonti encinane kwaye siyizise kwiso lesibini ukuya kumgama ovumelekileyo apho umntwana angayifunda khona. Emva koko, siqala ngokukhawuleza ukuhambisa itekisi phantsi kuze kube nzima ukufunda. Siphinda ngokuphindaphinda amaxesha amaninzi.

Ukuzivocavoca ngesibane esikhulu

Sisebenzisa isibane esinamandla amakhulu kunye nephepha elimnyama lamaphepha. Cima i-cap kunye nomda (ububanzi be-6 mm) phakathi kwaye uyibeke kwisibane. Emva koko, vala umgodi ngefilimu ebomvu. Sibeka isibane kwindawo engama-40 cm ukusuka kumntwana kwaye siyibuyisele. Umsebenzi womntwana ukujonga isibane imizuzu engama-3 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kwaye abazali kufuneka bavule isibane baze bavale yonke imizuzwana emithathu.

Ukusebenzisa i-flash

Ukwenza oku, udinga ikhamera ngefowuni kunye nephepha elithile apho ungayifaka imifanekiso okanye iileta. Inqubo yile ndlela ilandelayo: i-flare (kumgama wobuncinane ubuncinane be-50 cm) ifakwe kwinqanaba lomliso lomntwana kunye nechungechunge lokukhanyisa (kufika kwi-10). Emva komnye wabo, umntwana kufuneka akhangele iphepha kwaye azame ukwenza oko kubhaliweyo apho (iphepha elifakwe kwiimitha okanye ezimbini). Inombolo ephakanyisiweyo yezifundo ngosuku lifikelela kumaxesha amathathu, ubude bexesha lifikelela kwiinyanga ezi-2.

Akukho mbi umsebenzi omncinci okanye imidlalo, apho kuchanekile.

Iingcebiso ezimbalwa

Ukuze ungabikho ukufumana impendulo kumbuzo wokuba i-amblyopia - yintoni na, kuyimfuneko ukuhambelana nale mithetho elandelayo:

1. Yenza iimviwo zokhuseleko ngezikhathi ezithile kunye ne-ophthalmologist.
2. Ukuba umntwana unesicatshulwa esincinci se-strabismus, ubuncinci ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphika oku kuxilongwa ngokuqhuba izifundo eziyimfuneko kwikliniki yezilwanyana okanye kwiziko elizodwa lonyango.
3. Musa ukukhupha ukuphuhliswa kwe-strabismus ngokubeka amathoyizi okanye izinto ezikhanyayo kufuphi nayo.
4. Ukubonelela umntwana ngokutya okwaneleyo kwaye ugweme iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo.
5. Uhlala unxulumana nokuphuhliswa kwayo.
6. Ekubukeni kokuqala kweengxaki zamehlo, khawuleza uthintane neengcali.

Njengoko umkhuba ubonisa, ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye ne-amblyopia kulungele unyango olusesikweni oluqale ngexesha, kodwa oku kubalulekile apha:

1. Ukugcinwa okugqithiseleyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo zonke iingcebiso zogqirha.
2. Uhlobo lwe-amblyopia.
3. Indawo yeso.
4. Ubungqina bokuqala bokubonakala.
5. Udidi lobudala lomguli.
6. Indlela yokonyango.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukukhumbula ukuba xa wabeka usukelo uze uye kuba, akukho nto ayinakwenzeka ehlabathini. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isigulane undertreated kwixesha elizayo kumelana ilahleko iyonke ye umbono. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwesi sifo, ukuze wazi kwangaphambili impendulo yalo mbuzo: "? Amblyopia - yintoni"