Zeziphi intaba mde ehlabathini. Ubude abaseAfrika kunye iintaba phambene

ukuyilwa zeentaba ngexesha kwizigidi zeminyaka. imbonakalo yabo ngenxa yangqubana kwayileka uqweqwe ziitectonic plates.

Andes Cordillera

Zeziphi intaba mde ehlabathini, wena ke amandla? Wena akazange athandabuze ukuba ukukhumbula Andes ezithile. Bona elise Umzantsi Melika. igama labo ulwimi Inca lithetha "Copper Intaba". Ngokulinganayo kubo kwiplanethi yethu musa.

Kuba abo bangazazanga intaba mde ehlabathini, oko kufuneka wathi ubude sehlathi Cordillera of libonwe. Kuyinto iikhilomitha ezingamawaka alithoba.

Imvelaphi mde zintaba kuthatha noLwandle lweCaribbean. Kwangaxeshanye, uza ukuya Tierra del Fuego.

Le Incopho eliphezulu Copper Mountain

Lemvula inkqubo Ukwakheka Koldilerov kuqhubeka ngexesha langoku. Ngamanye amaxesha zintaba yenza kwaziwe mlilo. Lidla kukho iinyikima. Le nkqubo yagqitywa ngokuvusa rocks ukubunjwa.

ezibayeni Huge, equka amatye, Enyuka kukho ukuphakama umxhelo.
Le ephakeme kunazo kwiAltiplano Cordillera intaba Akonkagau ingqalelo. ukuphakama kwayo eliphezulu ngu 6962 m.

iimpawu eziphambili Cordilleras lemvula

Ukuba wabuza: "Yintoni na le ntaba mde ehlabathini ukuchaza kubo", kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ezinye i parameters. Ububanzi iphezulu chain ezi kolundi ezizodwa km asixhenxe anamashumi mahlanu. Eli xabiso sibhaliwe kwiAltiplano Plateau ephakathi Andes. Kukho iindawo apho ububanzi Copper Intaba ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amahlanu.

Kodwa ke indawo enkulu ahlala Koldirer sehlathi ithafa. Ibizwa ngokuba Pune. Ukuphakama zokhahlamba kukho avareji malunga ezine neekhilomitha.
Ngokutsho kweengcali, ibhrasi Mountain - ukuma eselula. Inkqubo lasungulwa kwagqitywa ngomhla umyalelo million eminyaka eyadlulayo. Fossil yaqala ukuvela kwi Precambrian kwaye Paleozoic kweli xesha. Naso xa ndawo yaqala ukuvela iindawo ulwandlekazi komhlaba. Yaye indawo ixesha elide apho njengangoku Andes, yaba ulwandle, inxenye ilizwe.

Emide ntaba uluhlu ehlabathini ngaxeshanye isebenza njenge yomlambo elikhulu kunene phakathi elwandle. I-Copper Intaba ngumthombo edume River Amazon. Kukho kwakhona zavela nemingenela yawo. Andes Cordillera lusisiqalo abaninzi lwemilambo emikhulu belizwekazi South American, ziza Paraguay, Orinoco kunye Paraná State.

iimeko zemozulu

Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ziza kugqitywa kulo mbuzo: "Ngubani na intaba mde ehlabathini, yaye kummandla lobushushu apho afumaneka khona," kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ngayo injongo yabo zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Kuba mpumalanga sehlathi Koldirery bakhonza imiqobo sezulu. Inyaniso ukuba ngokugqibeleleyo abahlukunyezwa umhlaba kwimpembelelo Atlantic entshonalanga. Ukukhusela nemisinga emikhulu evela Pacific Ocean ukuya ngasempuma.

Thathela ingqalelo ubude chain ntaba, akumangalisi ukuba Andes ukuba ibekwe kwindawo enye zemozulu. Oku sehlathi kunye nakumazantsi eyingcathu afumileyo, Equatorial nasemantla sub-ethandwa nomzantsi. Intaba uluhlu yolula kuzo zonke ezintandathu imimandla zemozulu ngasentla. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo chain Ibanga landscape ngokupheleleyo ezahlukileyo ezikhoyo. Umahluko oko ebona ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ezahlukeneyo imvula. Ukuba kumathambeka esentshona oku kuthetha ukuba iimillimitha amawaka alishumi, emva koko kumzantsi - ngaphantsi kakhulu.

Ukwahlukana lokukhululeka

Ukuba ufuna ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo: "Ngubani na intaba mde ehlabathini kunye namacandelo zabo ezisisiseko", kuyimfuneko ukuchaza imimandla, leyo ukwabelana Andes Cordillera. Ngu isiqabu bodwa Andes esembindini, kumazantsi kunye emantla. kummandla ngamnye ongumnini imiqela yawo. Ukuba sithwale North Caribbean, yase kunye Northwest Andes. iintaba Main ezahlulwe sisithuba iintili zemilambo ezimbini - i Magdalena kunye Cauca. Kule ndawo kukho inani elikhulu mlilo. Omnye wabo - Huila. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 5750. Kodwa Ruiz mlilo ufikelele kwinqanaba kweemitha 5400.

I yase Andes nomxokelelwane lonke mlilo eziphakamileyo. Eyona woku Chimborazo giant. kakhulu ukuphakama kwayo - 6267 m ngezantsi nje Cotopaxi wakhe (5896 m) .. Le chain ntaba ubaleka nje emdeni ithi nje ezisixhenxe emi kwilizwekazi South American. Phakathi kwabo Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela kunye Bolivia, ePeru Chile, kunye Argentina. Ingongoma eliphezulu le Andes kubekwe kwi 6769 m. Lukamongameli kwiNtaba Huascaran.

Kwi Chilean-Argentina kunye toothfish Southern Andes wahlukene. Le Incopho eliphezulu le nxalenye - Tupungato. Liphuma ku 6800 m. Kancinane wehla entabeni Medsedario. ukuphakama kwawo - 6770 m.

emathafeni amahle

Ukuba wabuza: "Yintoni na le ntaba mde ehlabathini uze uchaze kule ndawo ikhethekileyo," ngoko ke kufuneka uthethe malunga ubuhle enkulu na lwamawa kwikhonkco. Kwaye kule nkqubo ntaba isekwimo nganye peculiarity yayo. Ngoko, kwi Venezuela Andes nakwimihlaba ebomvu kukhula amatyholo kunye namahlathi avuthulukayo. Enye landscape liyi kumathambeka ukusuka embindini ukuya emntla-ntshona yinxalenye zintaba. Bona zigqunywe ngamahlathi ethandwa emvula. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana iibhanana, izityalo irabha, umthi nekoko kunye nemithi yesundu, imidiliya ngoqalo. Kukho amacandelo ezinjalo sehlathi Cordillera, atyikitya enesithuba lengxondorha lifile okanye amadobo moss. Kwaye yonke into ngaphezu iikhilomitha ezine ezinesiqingatha, ikhephu ice sanaphakade.

jikelele silwane

Andes ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Baya kuhlala alpacas kunye iillama, amaxhama Pudu kunye Cebidae. Apha uyakwazi ukubona oyidingayo, spectacled bhere, ubuvila, iimpungutye emsi, chinchillas kunye iingcungcu. Ngamanye amazwi, abameli zehlabathi zezilwanyana, nto leyo eRashiya zifumaneka kuphela kumyezo wezilwanyana.

Andes ingqalelo endaweni phakathi asithoba, anamanci iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, iintlobo ezintandathu ezincancisayo neentlobo ezingamawaka amabini zeentaka. A Iintlobo ngeentlobo kweentlobo zeentlanzi (species 400) kunye nemilambo bendawo ezahlukeneyo.

ezintabeni phambene

Zeziphi iintaba elide Russian? Phambene. Le zokhahlamba yolula phakathi West Siberian and East yaseYurophu Plain. Ubude zeentaba phambene phantse 2000 kunye Mugodzhary kunye Nai Hoem - 2600 km.

Zeziphi ezintabeni elide Russian ziye parameters ububanzi? Ubuncinane yi km 40. Kwezinye iindawo, ububanzi ubunzima rock ifikelela km 150.

Imbali ingenzeka

Imfundo phambene lwamawa kwenzeka kwixesha Paleozoic emva kwexesha. Yaba ubudala orogeny kakhulu. kanye lokusekwa uluhlu malunga amathathu anamashumi amahlanu ezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Yaba ngasekupheleni Devonian. Le bagqiba inkqubo ye phantse zizigidi ezibini elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Kwimimandla phambene bavuke ngaphezu kwamanzi gqitha, yaye uhlobo wezimbiwa rock rhoqo nemetamorphic. Bona isiwe Palaeozoic kwexesha.

kwiindawo ezithile

uluhlu phambene of ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ezintlanu. Bekela bucala South na Phakathi. Kukho North kunye polar kunye Polar.

Ebanzi kakhulu ye-zokhahlamba i Yuzhnyy phambene. mathambeka mpuma zizele ehlathini kunye ezininzi amachibi. Terrain ngasentshonalanga kwitsheyini wasezantsi intaba imele emathafeni. A ngasentla kangako kuyo kufakwe amahlathi.
Sredniy phambene - le nxalenye kwanala kwaza kwebanga yentaba. Kumathambeka intaba le ndawo wazigquma amahlathi coniferous.

sezulu kakhulu yi Severnyy phambene. Kumathambeka ntaba kule ndawo ezihlawulelwayo amahlathi, zona emininzi namaqunube neenkowane.

Le ndawo ephakeme kakhulu Polar Urals. In central inxalenye yayo kukho enkcochoyini yaBantu. Liphuma ku 1894 m. A kancinane ngezantsi oko, njengokuba kwi polar Urals le ntaba Karpinski. ukuphakama kwawo - 1876 m.

Xa emathafeni ibekwe Polar phambene. Kulo mmandla, ubunzima iliwa kucuthwe yokuphakama balo nangobubanzi. Urals Polar luphawulwa kwimozulu ngqwabalala. Ubude kwethuba yasehlotyeni kule ndawo incinane - ngenyanga enye kuphela (ukususela phakathi kuJulayi ukuya kowama-Agasti).

ezintabeni Caucasus

Le uluhlu yahlulwe kwiinkqubo ezimbini. Ezi ziquka Big amaNcinane Caucasus. Intaba lomqolo yolula phakathi Azov, Black kunye lweCaspian Seas.
Ukuba wabuza: "Yintoni na le ntaba mde kumazantsi Russia," wena zange mathidala ukuba kuthiwe abaseAfrika. nokudaleka yagqitywa kwixesha emfundo ephakamileyo.

Yintoni na ubude zaseCaucasus Iintaba? Greater Caucasus ibanga ngaphezu kwesinye eziliwaka elinamakhulu km. Yindawo entle zizityebi enezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukileyo.

Xa ezintabeni eCaucasus ingafumaneka yasendle, ichamois kunye iinkozi yegolide. Uluhlu lo khaya ihlosi ezinqabileyo abaseAfrika.