Anatomy of the mandible yabantu. komzimba ukuma komhlaba amazinyo nemihlathi eliphezulu aphansi

Phakathi amalungu ibalulekileyo umzimba womntu yenziwa amazinyo. Ngamnye kubo isakhiwo article kwaye ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile. Zintoni izinyo i iseti eliphezulu amazinyo? Yintoni na kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo mandible? Kwezi kunye neminye imiba enxulumene isakhiwo amazinyo, kufuneka ukuqonda.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga amazinyo

Xa umntu omdala zomlomo ngokuqhelekileyo abe ukusuka amazinyo 28 ukuya 32. Ba ezizodwa zemfundo, kufuneka isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Inxalenye ebonakalayo izinyo nganye kuthiwa isithsaba. Enye lamanqanaba zayo dentin - izinto nzima calcified ukuba ongenayo imithambo yegazi. Ukusuka singasentla camera izinyo lwawo. Kusebenza kwiqokobhe yangaphandle zokhuselo.

Inxalenye ofihlakeleyo izinyo - ingcambu. Ibekwe kwindawo lekhefu kwe lomhlathi, ebizwa alveoli. Ngelo ingcambu, kakhulu, ube dentin. Iquka umaleko isamente ngalo izinyo ubanjwa lekhefu kwemihlathi. ukubunjwa Bone ngaphakathi kwigumbi yintlama ubunjwe luvo, iimpahla kunye kwizihlunu ezithambileyo nokuqina.

Iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi kwamazinyo

Anatomy of the mandible kunye maxilla subdivides ukuyilwa ithambo, apho ibekwe kwisisu ngomlomo iintlobo ezininzi:

• enkulu ingcambu (imihlathi);
• ngaphambili (siphume);
• etsobhileyo (canines);
• premolars (premolars).

Amazinyo enze imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, zinika inkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Ngenxa amazinyo abantu kutya ukutya ngokupheleleyo. Okwesibini, ezi zakhiwo bone abachaphazelekayo ukuyilwa zentetho. Nabo zezilwanya izandi ezahlukeneyo. Okwesithathu, amazinyo yinxalenye ngoncumo. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuhle.

Unga kwakhona ukukhetha imisebenzi obekwayo izinyo ngamnye. Bathezi imi phambi kwisisu ngomlomo, zinika ukunqunqa ukutya. Oku kunegalelo basike bit lwabo flat. Canines babe umsebenzi ityumza yaye ulungiso ukutya, njengoko akhomba imilo etsobhileyo. Imihlathi kunye premolars ababandakanyekayo besila ukutya, kuba kumphezulu wazo ubanzi ngokwaneleyo.

Indawo amazinyo phezu imihlathi

Le komzimba eliphezulu kwaye asezantsi bemihlathi తీసివేయి Susa ibonisa ukuba ukuyilwa amathambo zilungiswe ngohlobo jike, iyileyo kwahlulwa ibe ngamacala amabini (ikota yesangqa). Enye ikota yabantu abadala siquka amazinyo 8:

• 3 izinyo;
• 2 blade;
• 1 Fang;
• 2 premolar.

Kwezinye abantu, imihlathi, leyo ibekwe nakwiingqameko zamazinyo zakutshanje yaye kuthiwa 'amazinyo ubulumko "zilahlekile. ikota nganye ifunyenwe 8, 7 kunye ithambo Ukwakheka. Ukunqongophala 'amazinyo ubulumko "- nakanjani eqhelekileyo. Xa abanye abantu baya kusikwa ukuya kwiminyaka 24-26 kwaye zifuna ukususwa ukukhula ekujikeni ephosakeleyo, ngoxa abanye Awuveli.

imihlathi eliphezulu

Njengoko kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo nemihlathi ephezulu nesezantsi, iiyunithi ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo morphological ezi తీసివేయి Susa imihlathi yabantu nkqubo. Bona arch zamazinyo emva premolars. Kwemihlathi yangasentla 6 imihlathi - 3 kunye nezinyo elinye kwelinye icala. Iingcali ukwahlula imihlathi yokuqala, eyesibini neyesithathu enkulu.

I inkulu phakathi ingcambu izinyo enkulu - izinyo lokuqala eliphezulu. Nguye trehkorennym. Umphezulu izinyo zijonge amazinyo kumqolo esahlukileyo, uhlobo kwayo abe isikwere okanye nekalikedo-ezimise. Kuye wokuwa 4 (zonke ekuphakameni zilandelayo wabahlula vee):

• distal-palatal;
• distal-buccal;
• medial-buccal;
• mesial-palatal.

Le izinyo eliphezulu yesibini ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kumphezulu ihlafuna yokuqala. Kuyo, 30-40% yabantu kukho 3 tubercle. Ngowe-5% amatyala zenzeka izinyo eliphezulu dvuhbugorkovy. Xa izinyo ngokuqhelekileyo duct 3 ingcambu. Ngamanye amaxesha ababini kubo kukhule ndawonye.

Le izinyo eliphezulu wesithathu isithsaba imfutshane. Ukuhlafuna umphezulu inokuba trehbugorkovoy. Kwezinye abantu, le izinyo uye 4 intaba. ifomu Dvuhbugorkovaya inqabile kakhulu. Izinyo abe-2, 3, kunye neengcambu. Maxa wambi kukho ngxubevange kubo.

Imihlathi asezantsi

Ngokungafaniyo imihlathi asezantsi eliphezulu ngayo ngokuyintloko ngokohlobo isithsaba. Kunokuba ezibuxande okanye pentagonal. Esinye isici esasenza imihlathi kwezisezantsi iindawo eliphezulu - inani kweengcambu. Ngokobuninzi nokudleka ingabekwa emazantsi kukho 2 ingcambu.

Anatomy of imihlathi mandibular ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ngomhla izinyo wokuqala distal, distal-zeelwimi, buccal, tubercles distal, medial-zeelwimi kunye mesial-buccal.
2. Xa izinyo enkulu ezayo akukho tuberosity distal. Uwuthwesile azalwa chetyrehbugorkovy imbonakalo.
3. izinyo Okwesithathu, leyo yeyona incinane imihlathi kwemihlathi asezantsi,-50% yabantu iye hillocks-4, 40% - 5. kakhulu azixhaphakanga emithathu okanye shestibugorkovaya ukuhlafuna umphezulu.

Amazinyo aphezulu

Ukwakheka kwamathambo elime kule phambi kwemihlathi yangasentla nokuba ingcambu, ebizwa ngokuba siphume eliphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, le izinyo 4 ukuba - 2 2 kunye icala central. Noko ke, oogqirha ezijongene ngokwandileyo kunye edentulous ephambili (kulahleke) loMthetho siphume eliphezulu lateral. Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo. Le ukuluma ukutya wathabatha inxaxheba kunye siphume esembindini lateral. Kule mihla, abantu badle ukudla othambileyo. Ke kaloku, ngenxa ezilumayo ukutya amandla ngokwaneleyo central siphume. amazinyo lateral abe umthwalo ubuncinane. Kulo mba, kukho ukwehla zabo.

Isithsaba kwi siphume central ngokubanzi. Kwicala Medio-distal, ububanzi baso malunga 8-9 mm. Ngokubhekiselele kumphezulu vestibular kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba siphume eliphezulu ngayo iyahluka. Anatomy kwemihlathi ezisezantsi amazinyo eliphezulu ibonisa ukuba:

• amazinyo aphezulu central inokuba ngohlobo uxande, unxantathu;
• abantu uhlobo ezinye siphume Imintla umphanda ezimile;
• amazinyo lateral aphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo semvelo yonxantathu okanye umphanda imilo.

indawo Palatal le siphume ephezulu inokuba tyaba, Umhlakulo ngokufanayo phakathi (noctuoidea). Ukubonakala kwaso kuxhomekeke kubungakanani nakummango medial kwaye distal litheni osusela esisekweni isithsaba iimbombo kungqameko kusikwe kwamazinyo. Le elidlula of elidlula ke bend nestershihsya - kinks kunye amaqhuma. Le yama- ubalekela njengoko amazinyo lisebenza em- ngomlomo.

siphume asezantsi

Amazinyo incinane kwisisu zomlomo, njengoko owakhiwe nezobhalo le mandible zizinto siphume asezantsi. Bona siphume enasilela ubungakanani bayo, sikweyona తీసివేయి Susa eliphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo raskusyvaniya ukutya amazinyo ezantsi enze imisebenzi abancedisayo.

Ngomhla mgawuli emhlathini 4 zicwangciswe ephantsi - 2 2 kunye icala central. Amazinyo esembindini babe umphezulu ebuxande okanye ovoid vestibular. Kule siphume osisi sinawo uhlobo unxantathu isosceles ukuba isiseko kwingingqi elidlula kunye phezulu apho sibekwe khona entanyeni izinyo.

Le zeelwimi ezininzi ebusweni siphume olusezantsi egudileyo, phakathi. Le fomu ntathu. Kunye kungqameko imiphezulu zeelwimi kwamazinyo zikhabane lwamawa distal kunye mesial aseludinini. Abaqiniseki eziphuhlileyo ngaphezu kwi siphume eliphezulu. Sisanda kwaduma amazinyo elidlula i emide. La maqhuqhuva ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe nyamalala. Le elidlula uba egudileyo.

I canines eliphezulu

komzimba ukuma komhlaba amazinyo nemihlathi ephezulu nesezantsi kuquka ehlola canines isakhiwo. Le ukuyilwa lithambo enkulu inkqubo zamazinyo ukuba onamandla elide ingcambu kunye isithsaba odnobugorkovuyu. Loo isakhiwo kwamazinyo eliphezulu ngenxa imisebenzi eziyenzayo.

Le canines eliphezulu ibekwe kwiindawo ayeguqa arch ephezulu zamazinyo ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva. Vestibular umgangatho isithsaba semvelo imilo kwedayimani. Ilale phezu ahambise oluphakathi, nayo ngokuba mamelon engundoqo. Kwezinye abantu ngayo ibonakala kakuhle, ngoxa abanye - zomlomo ngokulambisa. Siphela irola median eziqwenga endulini, okuluphawu le canines. Kunye kungqameko isithsaba nazo mamelons ngapha - mesial kunye distal. Bakha ubuso kwicala tuberosity.

imiphezulu Palatal ngokuba canines yi khaxa kancinane kwaye kwithala lakho. Kule ndawo wesibeleko wabona esigingqini encinane. Ukususela ecaleni layo yenduli engundoqo ihamba umgca ephakeme. Emacaleni uyakwazi ukucalula lwamawa distal kunye mesial aseludinini. Baya kusuka engile isithsaba palatal tubercles.

isisu izinyo

Okunye isithsaba emxinwa kwaye evuthelweyo, ngaphantsi omkhulu - iimpawu yokwahlula eliphezulu ukusuka canines asezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, lo ezakheke amazinyo efanayo. Xa sithelekisa amazinyo nemihlathi ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba isithsaba ngokumila kwedayimani. apha kuphela phezulu kwamazinyo uthotywe kule ndawo irhombus nihlinza tubercle kubhaliwe atshabalalisa ngakumbi, thumbanails.

Abantu abaninzi khangela mandible khaxa canine. Anatomy ke wachaza into yokuba ahambise ophakathi ngokwandisa ecaleni kumphezulu vestibular kubonakaliswa kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Ezi kuqinisa icala zibonakala kangako. Noko ke, abanye abantu kumphezulu vestibular kwamazinyo ngokumila atshabalalisa. Isondo eliphakathi kwiimeko ezinjalo ingaphantsi kubi.

Le ukukhululeka zeelwimi phezu canines asezantsi kakhulu omncinane. Phezu kwayo kuloo ndawo wesibeleko uye zikwazile zeelwimi. It zidibana kakuhle kunye kummango engundoqo aphela wesithathu embindini phezu zeelwimi. Kunye kungqameko isithsaba lwamawa ibonakale aseludinini.

premolars eliphezulu

Xa maxilla umntu premolar 4 - 2 imihlathi ezincinane kwicala ngalinye. Bona ise kwinxalenye phakathi arch yamazinyo, ukuthatha izithuba 4 5. Premolars, njengoko kuboniswa owakhiwe kwamazinyo kwemihlathi ephezulu nesezantsi, enze umsebenzi abangabancedani ngexesha machining ukutya. , Batyunyuzwa kwaye ungacolwanga abaqeshwe ukutya.

Ukwahlula izinto premolars yokuqala neyesibini eliphezulu. I premolar lokuqala ukuba isithsaba imilo prismatic inokuba ezimbini okanye ingcambu efanayo. Phezu occlusal ekhoyo tubercle 2 - buccal kunye palatal. Eyokuqala, njengoko umthetho, kungona ezinkulu. Phakathi kwawo eka intertubercular. Kunye kungqameko isithsaba zizinto lwamawa aseludinini.

Le premolar eliphezulu kwesibini kakhulu isakhiwo esifanayo. ezimbalwa kuphela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kungathiwa:

• izinyo ayidli iingcambu omnye wamanzi kwaye ingcambu;
• bit made yokubona;
• Amanqatha ukuhlafuna babe phantse ukuphakama efanayo;
• lwamawa lateral ngokwaneleyo.

premolars asezantsi

I esezantsi ezincinane imihlathi, ngokungafaniyo umqolo ezincinane, ingcambu elide abangatshatanga, sithsaba sam rounded imilo kwicandelo tye. Abantu abayaziyo owakhiwe kwamazinyo umlomo, ukwahlula le premolars yokuqala neyesibini aphantsi, ezahlukeneyo kancinane kubume.

Eyokuqala uyafana canine. Ezi amazinyo efana. Noko ke, bicuspid, canines azifani, kukho 2 hillocks phezu ihlafuna. Eyokuqala kwezi kuthiwa buccal, kwaye eyesibini - zeelwimi. amaqhuma kwahlukaniswa eka intertubercular. Kuba kubantu abaninzi, oku waphazanyiswa ikama ezinqamlezayo udibaniso.

premolar Okwesibini, njengoko kuboniswa komzimba womuntu kwemihlathi olusezantsi lilikhulu kancinci nje lokuqala. Ukuhlafuna ubuso dvuhbugorkovoy. Ngamanye amaxesha ezichongiweyo 3 kunye 4 tubercle. Phezu komhlaba bicuspid unalo umsele enqamlezileyo kunye ramifications ekupheleni. Root premolar yesibini Kukude kuneyokuqala.

Ngenxa yoko, amazinyo apho imihlathi ephezulu nesezantsi, isakhiwo, ezakhiwe ngayo ezi zinto - sisihloko esinzima kodwa umdla. ukubunjwa nganye bone ezakhiwe izihlunu ezizodwa nempahla yaso kwegazi kunye nezixhobo luvo. isakhiwo amazinyo kunzima kakhulu, kuba kuxhomekeka imisebenzi eziyenzayo.