Yintoni i "yeraster": inkcazelo, Ukuhlelwa, eziphendulweyo, into leyo eya kumda wesangqa

Nayiphi na ingcibi oko ipateni uyazi. Kubalulekile ukuba alungiselele imifanekiso zokuwaguqula, ubeko zabo indalo. Kuba umahluko womnatha umsebenzisi-avareji phakathi fomati akukho mkhulu kangaka. Nangona kunjalo, oku zokukwazi ukusebenza kunye umzobo ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka azi, ngubani ofuna ukuba nako ukusebenza iifoto.

Ingcaciso yeraster, alungileyo kwakunye nangalunganga

Yintoni bitmap? Lo mfanekiso sakhiwa matrix of pixels, apeyintwe ngombala othile. Kulula ukuba uqaphele, inani elikhulu kakhulu. Ifayile ne imizobo eyi ogcina ikhowudi equlathe inani leendawo kunye nombala zabo. Amafoto, imifanekiso ziskenwe, imifanekiso kwiimagazini kwaye kwi computer screen - eyi. Le gridi ye pixel (amachaphaza) angadlulisela umfanekiso nayiphi ukuntsokotha, isithunzi, ukuthambeka, iimvakatjhi, halftone, 3D ebezingalindelekanga kunye oopopayi. Photorealism - uncedo iphambili kolu hlobo imizobo.

Bobubi yeraster ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukungakwazi ukukala. Banzi umfanekiso (okt esisuka Igridi pixels), okanye ukunciphisa ngayo (styanuv kangangokuba ezinye iingongoma ziya kulahleka), unako kakhulu phantsi umgangatho umfanekiso.
2. Le bitmap limited yoxande. Oko kukuthi, xa isicelo ngokusebenzisa enye kwenye i "Fihla" bottom phantsi phezulu ngasemva emhlophe.
3. Le ngxuba umfanekiso, kokukhona oko: Umlinganiseli ifayile.

iimpawu yeraster

imifanekiso Raster zingafani ubukhulu, ngesigqibo, iimodyuli umbala kunye nenani imibala. Kuhle kakhulu iimpawu grid. lweendidi ezaziwayo lohlobo matrix yeraster: rhoqo kunye stochastic.

1. Ubukhulu (ngokobunzima) - inani lilonke pixels umfanekiso ibalwa ngo CB (MB, GB). Lo mfanekiso ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, kokukhona oko: Umlinganiseli.
2. Resolution - inani pixels-intshi (ppi) kwi-intanethi imifanekiso, iifoto, okanye amachaphaza nge-intshi (dpi) ngemifanekiso eziprintiweyo. I elikhulu ixabiso, ngcono mfanekiso, ngokucacileyo. Isisombululo Standard imifanekiso Internet - ppi 72, yoshicilelo ubeko - 300 ppi.
3. imodyuli Umbala ichaza shades ezisisiseko. Oku kunokuba eqhelekileyo RGB, xa ebomvu, eluhlaza nangemisonto zikhona imali enikwe pixel nganye na ukuxuba ukwenza umbala oyifunayo. Ukulungiselela Ubeko basoloko besebenzisa CMYK - imodyuli equlathe umbala oluhlaza, magenta, mthubi namnyama. ILEBHU - i "eliqaqambileyo", i-bomvu-luhlaza kunye nezuba-yellow; Umbala womfanekiso obuNgwevu - shades ya hina.
4. Indlela amasuntswana ezininzi ukuyifunda pixel nganye kuxhomekeke umbala womfanekiso. Xa imifanekiso ezinombala ingongoma nganye ubunzima 1 bit. Ukuba pixel 4 ipateni bit iqulathe imibala 16. 8 BPP ukunika imibala 256, 16 amasuntswana - 65K imibala 24 amasuntswana -. Million 16 imibala ..
5. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo rasters, kuxhomekeke pixel uluhlu: isakhiwo enemingxuma rhoqo (ngamachokoza kukhuhlwe okanye igridi) stokahtichesky umbutho ngqo iye akunjalo, ngamanye ipixels zilungiselelwe zazivelela.

bitmap ngokungafani vector

Ukongezelela ifomati eyi yeyona eya kumda wesangqa - indlela ukuyila iipateni apho pixels ka - ezilula iimilo zejiyometri: iingxande, ovali, izangqa, imigca ethe ngqo kunye amagophe. ifayile yemizobo vector iqulethe buboniswe - amanani parameters (ububanzi, ubude, ububanzi, faka umbala, nentaba), indawo zabo ngelaphu (X kunye Y-nokulungelelanisa) kunye nendawo omnye komnye. Yomzobo yesiboniso a zoom kwaye uhlele - ukutshintsha nje iimpawu into eziyifunayo. Xa ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umgangatho walo umfanekiso akawatshintshi. Kumda wesangqa picture ayiphelelanga kwisiqalo ebuxande - ukuba kufakwa omnye komnye. Kulo mzekelo, ifayile yoqobo inobunzima ngaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu yeraster.

Zingako izinto eziluncedo ukuba le sikrini na ongambuyisayo kumda wesangqa? Imifanekiso kule fomati kunganzima ukuba ngokuba zinjalo - ukuba babe umboniso omncinane ikhathuni-ezifana ngenxa yokuba basebenzise imibala eqinileyo kunye ukuthambeka. Modern abahleli imizobo - Corel Draw, njengoko Adobe Illustrator - unako ukusebenza neziphumo ontsonkothe izithunzi, umbala lwe alpha, ungabe, kodwa umfanekiso yeraster processing ubunakho kusenjalo kude. Kumda wesangqa Ubeko ukulungele ukuba yoshicilelo.

fomati Raster

imifanekiso Raster lungagcinwa iifomati ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuguqulwa uthatha ndawo ilula - kufuneka ukuvula ifayile nayo nayiphi umhleli umfanekiso, khetha i-ayithem yemenyu "Gcina njenge" kwaye ukwandiswa efanelekileyo.

GIF - ifomathi zilula. Ixhasa ukungafihli kunye oopopayi neziphumo, inobunzima kancinane, kodwa umbala yayo esezantsi - 256 imibala. Le GIF Kuyinto elula ukuba iigrafu ivenkile, iitshati.

PNG usebenzisa ucinezelo lossless kwaye ixhasa ukungafihli, umbala kakhulu ngaphezu GIF.

TIFF isetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa ukusuka eyi ukuya kumda wesangqa, njengoko le fomati akuthethi Ukumanyanisa maleko kwi kumzobo.

JPEG - ifomathi kakhulu ethandwa esetyenziselwa imifanekiso kunjalo, imifanekiso ziskenwe, imifanekiso web.

Indlela ukuguqula ukusuka yeraster ukufometha kumda wesangqa

Ufuna ukuguqula umfanekiso bitmap ibe kumda wesangqa livela kwi umyili ubeko kwi ukwenziwa, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwandisa umfanekiso, ukutshintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umgangatho. Translations into kumda wesangqa - ayingomsebenzi engenamsebenzi, iziphumo ezininzi photo awukwazi ukudlalwa. Okuzenzekelayo ukope umgangatho mfanekiso eliphantsi kakhulu; umbala inokuba igqwethekile, ezilahlekileyo iinkcukacha mfanekiso. Oku kudala ngokuzenzekela izinto amaqela pixels of imibala efanayo, ibekwe kwi aya ye bitmap. Ukuba umfanekiso sinzima, izinto zadalwa kuba kakhulu, kwaye uhlele kubo ukuxakeka. Autorouting iyafumaneka kubahleli Corel Drew okanye Illustrator.

quality umfanekiso elungileyo zingafumaneka kuphela ukope manual. Xa umyili umzobo encircles aya kunye umthunzi okanye umthamo yenziwa superposing etheza ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo kunye nombala omnye komnye. Indlela elula yokwenza oku kwi icwecwe graphic, usiba umkhondo emgceni. Ngesandla ezenziwe umfanekiso yomzobo ayabiza kakhulu kwaye ezaziswa.

... and vice versa

Rasterization - inkqubo umkhondo eliphikisayo, xa umzobo yomzobo iguqulelwe kwi yeraster, umzekelo, ukongeza kunye ngaphezulu okucoca advanced lokushicilela. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iipropati ezilungileyo kumda wesangqa shwaka, oko kukuthi, kuya kuba nzima ukuba ukalisha lo mfanekiso ngenxa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umgangatho. Ngoko ke, kungakuhle ukuba ugcine ifayile yoqobo ukuze bandise okanye ukutshintsha umfanekiso xa kuyimfuneko.

Ngaphambi kokuba idluliselwe kwekhusi (Tshintshela bitmaps) kufuneka ubeke imida zilandelayo:

1. Umbala - inani imibala emfanekisweni.
2. Dithered - ukuba ukusebenzisa le umbala nto iya kuyilwa ngokuxuba.
3. Redolution - isisombululo.
4. Anti-aliasing - line okanye Ukophuka uyilo lokuqala ziya mpuluswa.
5. Trandparent Backgrounf - parameter yenza imvelaphi ngaphaya.
6. Ubukhulu - ubukhulu.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ekunene kunye imifanekiso kufuneka ukwazi oko yeraster kunye kumda wesangqa. umfanekiso Raster wambumba umntu ezininzi pixels - lincinci iielementi zegrafiki. Raster ezimibalabala, iphinde izivelise kwakhona iziphumo photo ezininzi, nkqu uphiliso. Noko ke, le mifanekiso kunzima kwisikali notshintsho. Vector, phezu koko, kulula ukutshintsha ngokutshintsha nantoni na into umzobo; ngelixa izinga umgangatho uhlala okufanayo. Noko ke, ithunzi, iimvakatjhi, ukuthambeka ezintsonkothileyo imibala wokuxuba ukugqithisa nzima. Raster umzobo ingaba malunga bonisa format kumda wesangqa, kunye vice versa.