Apho protein yokuqaphela kwenzeka? Kakuhle eli nkqubo, kunye nendawo protein kudibaniso kwiseli

Inkqubo protein biosynthesis kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iseli. Ngenxa proteni izinto ezintsonkothileyo ukuba badlale indima engundoqo kwi esiqwini, ukuba ezinye endaweni yazo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kule kwiinkqubo iseli yonke ziyaphunyezwa ikhonkco protein biosynthesis, ophuma kwi organelles eziliqela. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kwenziwe iseli kwaye kungenzeka khona.

ISISHWANKATHELO protein biosynthesis

Indawo kuphela Yindibanisela iiproteni - yinto rough reticulum endoplasmic. Nantsi ke uninzi ribosomes, athi abenoxanduva ukuyilwa kwitsheyini polypeptide. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ibakala translation (protein amagama), ufuna ukusebenza sofuzo, leyo igcina ulwazi malunga isakhiwo kwiproteni iqala. Emva koko, le nxalenye kufuneka ukuba ikopi DNA (okanye RNA, xa kujongwa biosynthesis bacteria).

Emva ikopi DNA ye-RNA yaya ufune ulwenziwo yenkqubo yolwazi. Ngenxa yokuba kuyondelelaniswe yayo protini iza kwenziwa ngaphandle chain. Yaye onke amanyathelo ezithi zenzeke ezibandakanya asidi acid, kufuneka uthathe indawo kwi kwiseli nucleus. Noko ke, oku akuthethi indawo apho lwenzeka iproteni yokuqaphela. Le ndawo, nto leyo elungiselela biosynthesis.

Ribosomal protein biosynthesis

indawo eziphambili apho njini protein - it ribosome, iseli organelle, ezibandakanya subunits ezimbini. izakhiwo ezinjalo esiseleni isixa esikhulu, kwaye ubukhulu becala ukuba ibekwe inwebu le reticulum rough endoplasmic. biosynthesis ngokwayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: esiseleni isiqalo kwakhiwa isithunywa RNA uhamba pores zenyukliya kungena kukho icytoplasm kwaye idibane kulo ribosome. Ke mRNA zidudulelwe umsantsa phakathi subunits ribosome, ebezikuyo nitrogen le asidi acid yokuqala.

Kwindawo apho njini protein, acid ezinikwa ngokusebenzisa transfer RNA. Enye molecule elilodwa ezinjalo ninokukuthwala omnye acid acid. Bathelela ngexesha ngokuxhomekeke ukulandelelana codons isithunywa RNA. Kwakhona, lo kuyondelelaniswe singamiswa okwethutyana.

Ngoxa ihamba ecaleni mRNA, lo ribosome unako ukungena kwisithuba (introns) ukuba musa encoder acid. Kwezi ndawo, kukho ribosome ezinambuzelayo mRNA, kodwa akukho Ukongeza acid acid bangela bakwazi ukungenela kwikhonkco. Kwathi kamsinya nje akuba ribosome lufika exon oko kukuthi, indawo, leyo buqonda esiti, ngoko ke kwakhona eqhotyoshelwe kule polypeptide.

ukuguqulwa Postsynthetic kweziyi

Emva kokuba ume codon le mRNA ribosome inkqubo yokuqaphela ngqo iphela. Kodwa molecule ngenxa na isakhiwo zamabanga kodwa ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi igcinelwe yona. Ukuze isebenze kakuhle, imolekyuli kufuneka ihlelwe isakhiwo ethile: lesibini, ephakamileyo okanye ezintsonkothileyo nangaphezulu - koqeqesho.

Lo mbutho noshowo kwiproteni

isakhiwo Secondary - kwinqanaba lokuqala mbutho noshowo. Ukuze kufikelelwe chain polypeptide ngowona mba kufuneka spiralized (ukwakha alpha-kweleli) okanye bent (ukwenza i beta-layers). Emva koko, ukuze athathe indawo ngaphantsi ecaleni ubude kwemolekyuli ngakumbi banduluka kunye bawubopha ibe ngebhola hydrogen, covalent kunye imixokelelwane ionic, kwakunye ukudibana interatomic. Ngaloo ndlela, a globular isakhiwo protein.

isakhiwo protein koqeqesho

Isakhiwo koqeqesho yeyona inzima zonke. It iqulathe amacandelo eziliqela kunye isakhiwo edityaniswe fibrillar imisonto polypeptide globular. Ukongeza, isakhiwo ephakamileyo kunye koqeqesho inokuba avotayo ekudleni okanye lipid intsalela, nto leyo eyandisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi protein. Ngokukodwa, glycoproteins, iikhompawundi nentsonkothileyo iproteni kunye ezinekhabhohayidrethi immunoglobulins kwaye enze umsebenzi olukhuselayo. Kwakhona glycoproteins elise inwebu zeeseli receptor umsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho modified molecule apho kwenzeka iproteni yokuqaphela, yaye reticulum kakuhle endoplasmic. Apha kunokwenzeka tinyiketela lipid, isinyithi kunye namandla ukuze domains protein.