Protein yokuqaphela

Okuthiwa nitrogen macromolecular izinto eziphilayo. Zakhiwa ngamatsha ukusuka acid. Iiproteni ukwenza imisebenzi ezisisiseko kunye nemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu eziphilayo, njengoko icandelo zazo eziphambili kunye kuyimfuneko. Ngenxa kula oganikhi khompawundi na ukutya, ukuguqulwa amandla.

Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu ngokwentelekiso molekyuli, ukuntsonkotha isakhiwo, kwakunye nokunqongophala kolwazi malunga nokuqulunqwa noshowo ezininzi izinto ithe yaseka kudidi oqondakalayo elidityanisiweyo iiprothini. Le nkqubo ukwahlukana ngoku ubukhulu becala ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Xa ekwakhiweni kwayo isekelwe phezu kwiipropati ngokwasemzimbeni lwemichiza iiprothini, imithombo yabo, umsebenzi eziphilayo, kunye nezinye, badla ngequbuliso, iimpawu.

Ngenxa yoko, globular ezinezikhondo, hydrophobic (ezingenakunyibilika) kunye esibamba (enyibilikayo) izinto ekwanti. Eli candelo zisekelwe phezu iipropati physico-chemical imichiza. Kuxhomekeka umthombo iiproteni ekwanti ye-luvo esiqwini, serum, izihlunu, kunye nabanye. Kukwakho ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, izilwanyana kunye nemifuno kusitsha. Ukungqinelana umsebenzi bemvelo angawodwa iiprothini -hormones, iienzymes, iiprotheni, contractile kunye neeproteni kwesakhiwo, izilwa-buhlungu, kunye nabanye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ezinye imichiza esingakwaziyo ingabalelwa nayiphi na maqela ngentla. Oku kungenxa ukungafezeki inkqubo yokuhlela kwaye kukho iyantlukwano ezizodwa ze iiproteni ngokwabo.

Ingaba umzi mbaxa kwisakhiwo (proteid) kunye ezilula (iiprothini). iiproteni Simple ezi Iipholima acid acid kuphela. iikhompawundi Complex, ukongeza acid iintsalela acid, kwaye ziqulathe non-protein lusebenze.

Kwiseli nganye kukho amawaka iikhompawundi organic high eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokuba ngexesha ubomi umzimba, ezi izinto zitshabalale kungekudala emva koko, iseli kufuneka enze kuyondelelaniswe esiqhubekayo neprothini ngokutsha organelles zabo, iinwebu kunye namanye amacandelo. Kunye nale inani elikhulu leseli ubonelela ukuze kwakhiwe-oganikhi khompawundi komzimba yonke. Kule "imveliso" niza kutshata, umzekelo, iiseli kwamadlala ezidalwe nezithi zikhuphe iihomoni. Apho protein yokuqaphela unawo amandla kakhulu.

iikhompawundi Ukusekwa kufuna iindleko zamandla omkhulu. Umthombo enika kuphela njini protein, kodwa nazo zonke iinkqubo cellular lo ATP.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintlobo kwemisebenzi kunye neenjongo khompawundi kwakhiwa ngokungqinelana nesiseko sabo iphambili - ngokulandelelana acid acid kwi molecule. data ilifa kubume protein zaseprayimari zifakwe kwi nucleotide chain DNA. Loo isahlulo deoxyribonucleic acid, equlethe ulwazi malunga ukulandelana acid acid ye-compound ekuthiwa sofuzo.

protein yokuqaphela lwenzeka kwi ribosomes xa kukho icytoplasm yeseli. Le kukho icytoplasm kulwazi ngumongo kwi isakhiwo umchiza na ngohlobo mRNA (isithunywa RNA). Kuba Yindibanisela molecule RNA kwenzeka "imicu" (despiralization) kummandla DNA. Inkqubo elandelayo lwenzeka kwi -siseko complementarity. Ukusebenzisa enzyme kwitsheyini DNA iimolekyuli RNA kuhlelwe.

Le kukho icytoplasm kufuneka siqulathe iseti ethile asidi acid. Kulindeleke ukuba protein yokuqaphela. Formation ezi acid kungenxa cleavage ye-oganikhi khompawundi ezityiwayo. Ngaphaya koko, i-asidi acid bangene kwicandelo amagama ngqo (i ribosome), akuba edityaniswe a transfer RNA ethile (tRNA).