Art of Gzhel: imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso yokuloba mihla. Indlela Dweba gzhel?

Kwilizwe Gzhel ethandwayo zobugcisa eliqaqambileyo unique, ekhumbulekayo enkondlo. Izicaphulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nabalinganiswa intsomi, uyilo seentyatyambo salo, eyenziwe lineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo umbala oluhlaza kwisiqalo njengekhephu-ezimhlophe, nomtsalane iliso kunye oninyangileyo. It ayisekho ehlabathini izinto ezimbini Gzhel ezifanayo, nokuba indebe, isitya iswekile okanye esityeni, ngenxa yokuba ngamnye kubo zipeyintwe ngesandla yi umculi. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukubalisa ngembali zophuhliso okuloba, ingakumbi ukupeyinta, nto leyo gzhel edumileyo ngendlela iipateni zakhe nalapho kakhulu ukuba uqale.

ukufumana phi na?

neekhilomitha nje 60 ukusuka eMoscow, elunxwemeni lomlambo Gzhelka, i ilali Gzhel yamandulo. igama layo ukuba ifumene lithatyathwa kwigama endala Russian "zhgel", gama elo elithetha ", kunokutshiseka." Amakholwa kuhlala la mazwe, Akwazi ebomini mihla ukulondoloza indlela yabo yokuphila kunye neenkolelo zabo.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Clay yaba yokuqala enye, apho Gzhel art yavela ziphuhliswe ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Kuyinto kwezi ndawo ibekwe Gzhelian-Kudinovskoe idiphozithi zodaka eliyinjubaqa. Bendawo geni kwaye wenze neempahla eziyimfuneko kweli khaya, ubuciko umkholise wena kunye nabanye.

ngekhulu C XVII Gzhel nabalimi odongwe zathunyelwa kwii-odolo Moscow lwamaYeza iimfuno karhulumente. Kwinkulungwane XVIII udongwe kwezi ndawo kwanceda ukusombulula intsinda-badala eli qhina ngayo imveliso yephondo kunye olusebenzise ukwenza izinto zokuqala Russian kulo.

Kwinkulungwane XIX iba amagcisa ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi, ukusebenza wedwa, ukuba simanyene ifama, kunye nempumelelo enkulu evulekileyo zazo, nangona amancinane, mveliso.

I-revolution ka-1917 sele watshabalalisa ifama kunye nevenkile, washiywa ngaphandle iinkosi umsebenzi Gzhel. Kuphela ngo-1933 yaye yamiselwa apha elalini Turygin Gzhel Ceramics Factory, eyaqala ukuvelisa kwaye aluhlaza-namhlophe, kungekhona ezinemibala njengangaphambili, neekomityi, amacwecwe nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kurhulumente eSoviet.

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, abantu wezandla eli asakhulayo. In imisebenzi ngelo xesha sasisele wabona Gzhel art, imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso loshishino lokuloba mihla, ngemvisiswano yokudibanisa, kuzisa kwinqanaba entsha zezakhono amagcisa.

Ngowe-1972, umbutho imveliso "Gzhel", oya kuthi udibanise zonke ezikhoyo ngexesha kwimveliso.

Njani yenziwe?

Gzhel art luqala sketch kwimveliso elizayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, izinto ezikhethekileyo master modeller sokubumbela evela model ngodongwe, nto leyo eye uphose sokubumba udaka. Xa lukhuni, uthe wagawulwa lengthwise ibe ngamaqela amabini alinganayo, ngamnye eliphalalela isiliphu nge ithumbu yerabha - udongwe nyulu, bungxengwe ngamanzi. Emva omiswe of ukungunda bakhuphe imveliso kunye nentwana ntsalela ze izihlanganisi ukuba bamhluba opravschitsami. Aphahla yesifundo iya eziko kunye lobushushu 900 ⁰ C.

Njengoko Gzhel ziipeyintiwe?

Emva isitovu eshushu ilixesha ukupeyinta, oqala indlela yokuguqulela, omashini abenziwe umzobi, phezu imveliso, ekhutshwe kwi turnetku esijikelezayo. Le Inkosi ithuba enye kuphela lokuphinda iintshukumo ngqo Wamitha ipateni, kuba izinto aneentunja lubamba inki nangoko. Spatula, iibhrashi, mbala kunye ijokhwe yeglasi a oxide abamnyama ayibe - yiloo zonke izixhobo. Ayibe - i paint esikhethekileyo ukupeyinta kwi ngodongwe. Ngexesha isicelo oko omnyama, ukutshintsha umbala luhlaza nje emva ukudubula. Ukupeyinta elinye kuphela, kodwa shades oqaqambileyo oluhlaza xa ugqibile - lukhulu! Le yantlukwano kuphunyezwa ngokuthi iindlela ezizodwa iileta Gzhelian.

iimpawu

Gzhel art fanele loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubela-underglaze ukupeyinta, ukuba yenzelwa phezu yohambo emsebenzini phambi kokuba nokusebenzisa njengeceba kuyo. Emva ipateni uyasetyenziswa, oko nkxu kwi njengeceba, ngoko kwakhona udubule, kodwa kubushushu ka 1350 ⁰ C. Iindlela eziphambili yokudweba zezi stroke ebanzi, ukuvumela ukwenza utshintsho agudileyo okuluhlaza ukuya blue kancinci. Le ndlela yeyona yenza smear eqhubekayo, zombini ibanzi kwaye emxinwa, ukuziqengqa ibe umgca obhityileyo.

Namhlanje siyakwazi ukuthetha malunga nenkqubo eyenziwe iileta Gzhelian kwaye udale indlela ekhethekileyo ezizodwa - Gzhel.

iintlobo

Zonke ezahlukeneyo Gzhel womzobo azezi ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kweentlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo:

• YeziTyalo, obonisa isitayile kunye ngokubanzi imifuno, namaqunube, ingca, amagqabi, nezidanga kunye amaqoqo. roses isikakhulu inkosi beqabe kunye imipha, iinyibiba kunye carnations, poppy kunye dahlia, asters kunye peonies.
• Ornamental. Oku kuquka iintlobo "ngokwesindlwane", "zeepali", "kwamathana", "perile" kunye "ikama" - njengonombombiya, ezisetyenziswa ukuvala isithuba lwangaphakathi amacandelo ezinkulu, ezifana usisazinge okanye inkwenkwezi.
• Indaba. Oku abalinganiswa izicaphulo iintsomi, igcisa kuqatshelwe yi-meko kubomi bemihla ngemihla ezidolophini nasemaphandleni, ithi ezahlukeneyo endalo kunye nenkangeleko.

Nendlela ukuwutsala?

Ukuba othanda gzhel indlela ukuwutsala, siza kubonisa kuwe. Okokuqala, musa nje zama ukuzoba sisincoko elikhulu ezintsonkothileyo. Best zonke, belungiselela gouache ezimhlophe nemsi, unomatse ibhrashi neselwa lamanzi, zama isandla sakho ngomfanekiso imigca ezilula ngqo, imithambo kunye namanqaku, yabe kwengca kunye aveza, ajike. Ngoko, xa konke oku kakuhle, unako uqale ukufunda nangemivumbo ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswa ukupeyinta. Zama ukwenza kunye nonyana wakhe, nokuba yintombi kwi ubuchule umzobo "Gzhel". Ngokuba abantwana, ayikho nje kumnandi, ukuba Ezolonwabo enkulu ulwazi! Lo msebenzi ziza kuphela ukwandisa usapho kwaye iza kunika ithuba lokuba ukunxibelelana, kodwa ukuze uncede umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono motor omhle izandla, unyamezelo, ngokubona memory.