Athens yamandulo - nelaye lasisiseko inkcubeko yamaGrike

Enye imizi amahle abaziwayo yamandulo kunye kuqoqosho olomeleleyo, ufikelelo elwandle, iitempile ezintle - Athens yaMandulo, ogama emva omnye oothixokazi ezininzi usisiqalekiso eGrisi, Athens. I-Greek Olympus, yena wayesaziwa ngokuba sinoMthetheleli yemfazwe, inzululwazi, imisebenzi yobugcisa, yaye eyahlukileyo ubulumko obungaqhelekanga. Le dolophu, ogama lakhe behlonipha nkulunkulu wayengekho ukuthobela ubungangamsha namandla umxhasi akhe.

ukuvela

Ikomkhulu Greece yamandulo kwiziko kwisiza yenduli sublime - Acropolis. Ngokutsho legend, ngo-1825 BC. e. ukumkani yokuqala zaseAttica, Kekrop, sakhiwe phezu Acropolis inqaba, ukubekwa kule ndawo edolophini. Ngaphandle inxaxheba koothixo bathabatha esi sakhiwo. Athena aphikisane umlawuli kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, Poseidon, emva lowo umzi ekuthiwa, yaye ngubani na owayeza kuba umxhasi wakhe. Judges steel oothixo ephakamileyo Olympus ekhokelwa kuZeyus. Abakhuphisana oothixo, wanikwa umsebenzi: ". Ngubani na oya isipho luncedo kubahlali komzi, uya kuba wakhona" Poseidon wamnika yaMandulo Athens kwelanga wambetha Ababhali wakhe kulo iliwa, kwaye Athena, ufaka umkhonto iliwa wazisa namaGrike umthi womnquma. Oothixo Olympus zazizimisele ukuba Poseidon langoku, kodwa uthixokazi umxhasi Kekrop inkxaso imfazwe. Athena iphumelele imbambano hayi ilize, kuba phantsi nokwabela yakhe baseAthene abafumana uphuhliso koqoqosho, ezopolitiko nenkcubeko. Kwaye behlonipha Poseidon underdog yamaGrike wakha itempile kungekudala. Le dolophu wakhula kakhulu ngenxa ukufuduselwa iliwa yayo ekhuselekileyo abantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwamanye amazwe ngenxa kuphangwa rhoqo zezizwe amadlelo.

Le bemilingo Athens

uphuhliso High yesixeko ekufikelelwe ebudeni bolawulo Pisistratus. Lo kumkani ngenkohlakalo kodwa clever wayecinga ukuba abantu amavila ezisongela amandla akhe yaye bayakwazi ukulungiselela abantu ukuba bavukele. Yiyo xa isikwere imarike enkulu yakhiwa Agora, elafikayo abathengi evela ehlabathini lonke. Urhwebo ukuba amaGrike kwaba lula kakhulu, njengoko abemi yohlanga siqithi, kwafuneka ukungena elwandle. Kwezolimo kunye nezilwanyana lulimo abakwazi ukwahlula Ancient Greece. Athens kwakungekho ngaphandle, esona sizathu siphambili oku kumphezulu enamatye ilizwe elinyathelwe nto wakhula. Kodwa kurhwebo namaGrike wayeyifumana ngokupheleleyo. Pisistrat ukumkani umakhi odumileyo: Apollo endlwini ka Olympian kaZeyus kwakhiwa kuyo ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe. Temple-Apolo, waba ixesha ukugqiba, kodwa ehlala kaZeyus waqhubeka ukwakha uAntiochus IV Epiphanes. Kodwa isiphelo wayengekho itempile yakhiwe ngexeshana elifutshane. umnqobi waseRoma Sulla yayitshabalalisa, kwaye kuphela irhuluneli UAdrian zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa.

Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Pisistratus babeka isiseko netempile - iParthenon. Ibali lakhe kakhulu kakhulu. Siphila ixesha elifutshane, yatshatyalaliswa amaPersi, kwaye umlawuli kuphela Pericles yakwazi ndiwakhe. Umsebenzi itempile entle kwaye izityebi wacelwa ukuba nomkroli odumileyo Phidias, umbhali we omnye Seven Wonders of the World - oqingqiweyo kaZeyus Olimpiki. Umfanekiso kwakhe Athena wayemhle kangangokuba abaphathi musa alinge yokwakha ezinye izakhiwo kwi Acropolis.

Ukuba sikholelwa iziphumo abembi ababefunda ngamazinyo iintsalela abemi belo xesha, Athens yamandulo yawa isibetho, okanye, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, ngenxa yicesina, leyo wangqungisana apho iminyaka 430-423. Ngenxa yale asikuko nokuba kuyabulala sifo esithathwini sabantu karhulumente ufile, wawa isixeko odumileyo - Athens yaMandulo.