"Gqirha Zhivago": An Uhlalutyo. "Gqirha Zhivago" - Roman Pasternaka

Boris Pasternak inoveli "Gqirha Zhivago" lidla ngokuba omnye amaqhekeza ezininzi ezintsokothileyo umbhali. Oku kusebenza ukubonisa ethile zeziganeko yokwenene (eyokuqala Oktobha Revolution, kwaqhambuka iMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye War Civil), ukuqonda izimvo zayo, ngeempawu zabalinganiswa, igama abakhulu apho - Doctor Zhivago.

Uhlalutyo umsebenzi Noko ke, phezu indima koongqondo Russian xa iziganeko ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, lowo akukho lula, njengokuba ikamva lakhe.

ibali creative

Ingcamango yokuqala kwinoveli lisukela emva kwiminyaka 17-18, kodwa umsebenzi kakhulu Pasternak waqalisa kuphela emva phantse emibini iminyaka. 1955 kwaphawula ukuphela inoveli, ngoko zapapashwa Italy kunye nokukhutshwa Nobel Prize, ukusuka apho abasemagunyeni eSoviet kwanyanzeleka umbhali hlaza inkunkuma. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1988 - eli bali kuqala yapapashwa kwilizwe lakhe.

Amaxesha aliqela walitshintsha igama inoveli: "A ikhandlela itshiswe" - "akayi kuba Ukufa" igama elinye imibongo ze ophambili, "Innocent Dudorov". Njengoko ibonisa ngenye inkalo injongo yombhali - "Amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana". Baya kuvela kumaphepha yokuqala inoveli, aqolileyo, balucanda iziganeko ngokwabo, amangqina kunye nxaxheba na. Umbono ingane zehlabathi liqhubeka ebomini abadala, njengoko oko kungqinwa ingcinga, izenzo zabalinganiswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwazo.

UGqirha Zhivago - Pasternak ingqalelo ukhetho igama - yaba igama umlinganiswa ophambili. Okokuqala yaba Patrick Zhivult. KaYuri - mhlawumbi George-Owoyisayo. Igama Zhivago likaThixo amaninzi unxulunyaniswa umfanekiso kaKristu: "Wena unguye uNyana kaThixo ophilileyo (genitive ngolwimi Old Russian)." Kulo mba, kwinoveli kukho ingcamango yedini novuko, ngomsonto obomvu acandacanda umsebenzi lonke.

I umfanekiso ophilayo

Ugqaliselo zeziganeko zembali iminyaka yokuqala neyesibini kwinkulungwane XX nophicotho lwabo yombhali. UGqirha Zhivago - Pasternak ubonisa ubomi bakhe - ngo-1903, walahlekelwa unina kwaye uphantsi kwenkathalo kayisekazi. Ngelo xesha, xa besiya eMoscow, wambulala uyise womntwana lowo, owayekhe ngaphambili wahamba ekhaya. Kufuphi Malume kaYuri uhlala kusemnandi, inkululeko kunye nokungabikho naliphi na ikhethe. Yena ufunda, lukhule, utshata intombazana leyo uqhelene umntwana ufumana kwezonyango kwaye iqala ukwenza umsebenzi oyithandayo. Kwaye ivusa umdla kwisihobe - waqalisa ukubhala imibongo - nefilosofi. Kwabakho ke ngequbuliso ubomi abaziqhelileyo-kusekwa kakuhle siyabutyaka. Eyadini ngo-1914, yaye ilandelwe iziganeko ezimbi ngakumbi. Umfundi uya kubabona ekukhanyeni izimvo ophambili kunye uhlalutyo zabo.

Doctor Zhivago, kwakunye namaqabane akhe, uyaxabana ephila ukuze yonke into eyenzekayo. Yena uya ngaphambili, apho lukhulu kubonakala kuye olungeyomfuneko kunye engeyomfuneko. Kwathi, akuba ebuyile, kuba lingqina kwamandla idluliselwa njani kwiBolsheviks. Okokuqala, uTshawe uthatha yonke ngothakazelelo: ngokoluvo lwakhe, lo mbuso "utyando gorgeous", nto leyo limela ngokwayo, engalindelekanga bokudlala. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ziza zokwazisela oko kwenzekayo. Awukwazi kuvuyisa abantu nxamnye ngokuthanda kwabo, ukuba zolwaphulo kunye, ubuncinane, engeyiyo - kwizigqibo ezinjalo uGqirha Zhivago ifike. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa imveliso kukhokelela ingcamango yokuba umntu afuna ukuba okanye hayi, obanjiweyo phezulu kwinkqubo zembali. Pasternak hero kulo mzekelo, phantse yinjongo, kungekhona ekuhleni baqhankqalaze, kodwa hayi ngaphandle kwemiqathango ukwamkela urhulumente omtsha. Yiloo nto isikakhulu uyingcikivile umbhali.

Ngexesha Civil uYuri Zhivago yeyela wona libutho ngokunomkhethe, apho uya kusinda, ubuyela eMoscow, ukuzama ukuphila phantsi korhulumente omtsha. Kodwa emsebenzini, njengokuba ngaphambili, awunakuba - bekuya kuthetha ukuba ziziqhelanise iimeko wavuka, yaye oku ngokunxamnye nemvelo yakhe. Uhlala umsebenzi apho into engundoqo - isibhengezo ubomi obungunaphakade. Oku kuya kubonisa iivesi nomlinganiswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwazo.

Doctor Zhivago, oko uvakalisa indawo inxalenye nezazi, ngubani ngobuchule ngayo oko kwenzeka 1917 mdibi njengendlela artificially ukutshintsha ubomi kwaye lisebenzise inkqubo entsha, nto leyo ekuqaleni yayintsha nayiphi na ingcamango humanistic.

ukufa a hero

Gasping kwindawo entsha, engaquki uthathe kubume bayo, le lokuphila kancane umdla ebomini yaye amandla engqondo, ngokoluvo abaninzi, nokuba ethoba isidima. Ukufa kokunkwantyiswa ngesiquphe: in a esiporweni ukuvaleka, ngaphandle apho isaqala uYuri akukho ndlela. Kodwa hero akuthethi shwaka amaphepha kwinoveli: usaqhubeka aphile kwimibongo yakhe, njengoko oko kungqinwa uhlalutyo zabo. Ugqirha Zhivago umphefumlo wakhe uba awufi ngenxa ngamandla amakhulu ya vutshila.

Abalinganiswa kwinoveli

Le mveliso unalo sisincoko ring: Indawo iqala echaza emngcwabeni bonina, kwaye igcina nge nokufa kwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, amaphepha isixelela kwabantu isizukulwana sonke, emelwe ikakhulu Yuriem Zhivago, kubabaze ukohluka ubomi nophuhliso yoluntu ngokubanzi. imbonakalo yokomfuziselo amakhandlela (oko, umzekelo, ubona kwi window, uTshawe entsha), imela ubomi. Okanye blizzards nekhephu kuzalwa elishwa kunye nokufa.

Kukho imifanekiso bemiqondiso kunye idayari echaza uTshawe, umzekelo, kulo mbongo "nentsomi". Apha, i "umzimba inamba" - ixhoba ngendlela balwa inyoka umkhweli - imele iphupha enisinike ibe ngunaphakade, efanayo engenakonakala njengoko umphefumlo umbhali ngokwakhe.

collection yamaciko

"Le mibongo Yuriya Zhivago" - iyonke ngama-25 - zabhalwa Pasternak xa besebenza kwinoveli uze wenze enye. Xa iziko kubo indoda ubanjwe ivili imbali kwaye ujongene ukhetho olunzima yokuziphatha.

Umjikelo uqala with "Hamlet". UGqirha Zhivago - uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba umbongo ngumfanekiso yehlabathi wangaphakathi - izibheno kuThixo isicelo yokupholisa Isiphelo sakhe isabelo. Kodwa hayi kuba esoyika - hero bakulungele ukulwela inkululeko ebukumkanini ezingqonge inkohlakalo nogonyamelo. Lo msebenzi kunye ligorha odumileyo Shakespeare ejongene nzima ukhetho yokuziphatha, kwaye isiphelo enobujorha kaYesu. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - yinto umbongo ngomntu ongabunyamezeliyo ubundlobongela okubi kwaye uyakubona oko kwenzekayo ngeenxa njenge ntlekele.

entries idayari echaza zinxulumene izigaba ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi kunye namava nangokweemvakalelo labaphilayo. Umzekelo, uGqr Zhivago uhlalutyo umbongo "Winter Night". Uchasaniso, awayakhayo imveliso, inceda ukubonisa ukudideka kunye nobuhlungu engqondweni ombambazelayo, ukuzama ukufumanisa oko okulungileyo kokubi. kwihlabathi eliyingozi engqondweni yakhe iya kubhuqwa bubushushu kunye Nokukhanya kwesibane ukutsha, engumqondiso ilangatye tremulous uthando kunye nentuthuzelo.

Ixabiso lika kwinoveli

Xa "... ukuvuka, ... asiyi ukubuyisela inkumbulo ezilahlekileyo" - oku wacinga Boris Pasternak, kuchazwe kumaphepha kwinoveli, kuvakala njengesilumkiso kunye isiprofeto. Lika yenzekile, ekhatshwa gazi nobundlobongela, kuye kwabangela ilahleko imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye iMithetho nobuntu. Oku kungqinwe iziganeko ezilandelayo kweli lizwe kunye uhlalutyo labo. "Gqirha Zhivago" luphawulwa kukuba Boris Pasternak unika ukuqonda kwakhe imbali, ngaphandle kokubeka ukuba umfundi. Ekugqibeleni, wonke umntu ufumana ithuba ukubona iziganeko ngendlela yabo yaye njengoko uba intsebenziswano umbhali.

UYobi intsingiselo

Inkcazelo kokufa ophambili - ayikho kodwa lokugqibela. Le noveli ke ngokufutshane igqithiselwe ekuqaleni novalo, xa nakwisiqingatha umzalwana wabaphilileyo sihlangene imfazwe Tatiana, intombi ka-uYuri kunye Lara usebenza ngumongikazi. Yena, ngelishwa, akanayo akukho namnye ezo mpawu zokomoya ukuba uphawu ngabazali bakhe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba uhlalutyo episode. "Gqirha Zhivago" ubhekisela ingxaki athile ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha koluntu ngenxa yeenguqu ezenzeka kweli lizwe, nto leyo oluchasene yokungafi iqhawe kwidayari yakhe zemibongo - inxalenye yokugqibela umsebenzi.