Baghdad - ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe? Baghdad: ulwazi malunga umzi, umtsalane kubakhenkethi, inkcazo

Esi sixeko, nto leyo ibekwe entliziyweni East yamandulo, nto leyo ngoku liphuma kumanxiwa ezikhumbuzo ezindala ehlabathini bokwakha - oku Baghdad. Elikomkhulu Iraq, yaguqulelwa ngolwimi Russian iyalila "Isipho sikaThixo". Enyanisweni, lo gama apho, uyabona ukuba umoya ezitalatweni zonke indawo isakhiwo nganye - zonke kukho aura ekhethekileyo kwabonakala sokuwubopha elidlulileyo elikude kakhulu kwaye langoku esiphila ngoku.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga isixeko

Ezinkqantosini kweMilambo, phezu kweenxweme yezibhalo ITigrisi namhlanje isixeko esikhulu Baghdad. Ikomkhulu kweliphi ilizwe zisenako ukuziyolisa kusinika yentabalala ezikhumbuzo zokwakha kunye nenkcubeko, ezo iingcambu zabo kwixa elidluleyo elikude? Mhlawumbi, akukho. Le dolophu kwi kwiziko eendawo kweli lizwe, Iraq, entilini imilambo ezimbini, malunga apho iBhayibhile ithetha - iTigris nomEfrate. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba nomzi uzele ezikhumbuzo bamandulo, namhlanje kwakhona hub yothutho enkulu sikarhulumente. Kukho moya ngamazwe, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, kwakunye nezibuko umlambo apho ukuhamba kweTigris basoloko wathumela abathunywa ngeenqanawa, ukuze amanzi nePersian Gulf.

Baghdad yaMandulo: imbali, izinto

Yinto akukho mfihlelo kwikomkhulu yangoku karhulumente esempuma Iraq yakhelwe phezu amabhodlo yimpucuko yamandulo. Kulapha, eMesopotamiya, kwakukho lo wokuqala uluntu ehlabathini, nto leyo kungekudala similise isixeko lizwe. Abantu abaye ngaphambili belimiwe ilizwe, wamzalela igama Sumerians. Ngabo wayibhiyozela kwasungulwa amacwecwe ngoonobumba, esebenzisa apho abembi yangoku sakwazi ukubuyisela ezininzi amaphepha yembali ngaloo maxesha. Nkqu nenkulungwane BC-2. e. kwezi ndawo wabumba ubukumkani yaseSamariya-isiAkkadia. Umlawuli wokuqala kukhankanyiwe imithombo elibhaliweyo Urukagina. Iminyaka badlula kunye ngenkulungwane, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe abantu abaninzi yamandulo belizwe (oko kukuthi i Sumerians) waqalisa ukufa ngaphandle. EMesopotamiya ukhethe ngokupheleleyo Akadi. Ngokutsho data yayo zangaphandle, ukuba zininzi izinto esifana kunye Arabhu banamhlanje ngoku zihlala kunye Baghdad. Le imali, nto leyo iye yenyuka kula mazwe ebudeni bolawulo lwabo, yaziwa ehlabathini lonke, yaye igama lakhe - eBhabhiloni.

Imibuso usaphila

Centre of ubukumkani waseBhabheli, lo mzi kunye nenqaba yayo edume yakhiwa ngeekhilomitha ezili-100 ukusuka Baghdad yanamhlanje. Sixeko sikhulu kwihlabathi lamandulo, oko baxhotyiswa kunye nenkqubo yonkcenkceshelo, isakhiwo ecacileyo kunye nemephu esitalatweni kunye ndawo, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, zacaciswa izibane. Esi sixeko, ngelo xesha izibuko kunye yokwakha iziko inkulu, ngoku sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngesanti East. bemba yenziwa phezu kummandla waseBhabhiloni, wabulela apho ababhali-mbali baye bafumanisa ukuba esi sixeko ubunzima ukuwa ezintathu. yakhiwe yakhe, ngokoqobo waphila eluthuthwini iimfazwe ezininzi kunye nokuhlasela. Ngexesha era yakhe yokugqibela - uBukhosi Neo-baseBhabhiloni - bomthonyama bangxamele ukufumana kuThixo, bokuganelwa ekwakhiweni iinqaba odumileyo. Isiphumo ibali yaziwa kubo bonke, yaye ngoku, ukongeza isiseko sale isakhiwo esikhulu, siye nto.

wenza njani emzini Baghdad

Ikomkhulu zelizwe kodwa sakhiwa uthuthu kunye amabhodlo neempucuko ezidlulileyo ... kwaye Iraq kungekho ngaphandle. Esi sesinye sezixeko ezimbalwa leyo yahluke kakhulu evela kwimizi yemveli Islamic. Wayebonakala ithathe umoya zonke iinkolo kunye nezithethe, ubengukumkani kumazwe bakhe ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, ngo-762 phezu kweendonga kweTigris River apho wahlala kulo mzi namhlanje eBaghdad. Ubuchule Islam, kubalulekile ukuphawula, wafika ilizwe ngaphambili kakhulu - ezizezi, iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci. Esi sixeko yakhiwa njengoko elikomkhulu, nto leyo waba ligwiba le nkolo entsha, namasiko amatsha namasiko, leyo, enyanisweni, waba. Ngokusemthethweni kugqalwa UMSEKI Baghdad likaCaliph Al-Mansur. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe bakha khona kunawo, inqaba, ukuya emkhosini. Ebudeni 9-10 iinkulungwane th, Baghdad akazange kuphela kwizibuko likhulu kuMbindi Mpuma, kodwa esinye sezixeko ezintle, apho kweza abantu bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kwinkulungwane yama-20 kuye kwagqitywa ukuba ibhalwe ngokusesikweni ukuba isixeko Baghdad - elikomkhulu Iraq, kwakunye Iziko leeNkcubeko zehlabathi Islamic.

Climate and sezulu

Ukuya kwi uhambo kuyo nayiphi na indawo entsha, kubalulekile ukwazi okokuqala ukuba imozulu ilinde wena khona. Ngapha koko, imvo intuthuzelo ngexesha intshukumo kunye yokuhamba - into ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenye indlela, zonke okuvelayo ziya baphanga. Ngenxa yoko, ikomkhulu Iraq - Baghdad, isixeko olele kwindawo entlango, kwindawo apho rhoqo kukho yimimoya enamandla, imbalela, yaye kunqabile kakhulu kwezulu. Ngenxa yokuba esi sixeko kumgama ukusuka elwandle, imozulu nanku imvula encinane, lizwekazi kancinci. Ebusika iqondo lobushushu nga kuwa degrees 10 emini, nkqu ukuya ku-5 ebusuku. Ilanga hlobo ezishushu nzima, yaye umoya ndinobushushu +44 ^{° C} nangaphezulu. NgoDisemba nangoJanuwari - eli lixesha xa imvula nenkungu sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo kunye Baghdad. Ikomkhulu yehlabathi Islamic ngexesha kubanda naxa kunetha, ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba ukuya apha ebusika. Kungcono ukutyelela umzi ekwindla, xa ubushushu kudambe, okanye komnyaka, xa imozulu efudumeleyo apha iqala nje. Ke ukuba ihlobo, ukongeza ubushushu, kukho kwakhona kwenzeka hasminy - izaqhwithi isanti, nto leyo inokuba ezisongela ubomi.

Igalelo eminyaka

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Baghdad - capital lwekamva etyebileyo nzima eIraq. Treyisa imbali isixeko kuba, ukuqwalasela ezikhumbuzo zayo zembali, phakathi apho uninzi - mosque kwakhiwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Chief phakathi kwabo - iGolden Mosque of Musa al-Kadhim, apho kukho yamangcwaba. Ingaba oku ezidweliswe sakhiwo embindini umzi, ngokuba wosifumana akuyi kuba nzima. Ngaphandle sixeko endala ahlala akukho ngaphantsi ezintle zonqulo Muslim: Bunnie kunye Ramadan Mosque, El Kadimayn, Umm Al Mahar, Dzhavaat Al-Al-Rahman, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kunye kubo thaca mausoleums, apho sangcwatywa abalawuli iinkokheli zakwaLizwi. izakhiwo christian ukhumbuleka kwakhona inama Baghdad. Ulwazi malunga isixeko kunye nembali yayo iqulethe inyaniso yokuba kukho amaxesha amaninzi wadala uluntu zabo, Armenia, kunye nezinye abahlali kumazwe angabamelwane. Ngenxa lesikhumbuzo ebalulekileyo ibandla St. Virgin uMariya ibandla lamaKatolika of St. Thomas.

Modernity kunye Fossilisation yayo

ebaluleke kakhulu, original engaqhelekanga Baghdad mihla. Njengekomkhulu karhulumente Iraq namhlanje - yidolophu kunye izitalato ezininzi ezincinane ezimcaba singqongwe izindlu zodaka esezantsi. Into ephawulekayo nabo baphuma iimarike apho unako ukuthenga phantse nantoni na. Njengazo zonke kwekomkhulu zehlabathi, Baghdad Oqhayisayo zokuhlala eqaqambileyo, apho ekhaya babemele isikhulu yezopolitiko. Phakathi kwabo ukwahlula kwibhotwe Saddam Hussein Al-Rihab, apho namhlanje unokufumana nje uhambo. Kunye naye phakathi komzi kukho iingxande ezisibhozo ekule umlawuli elidlulileyo, bathi saa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Akukho kangako obutofotofo ziziNdlu zePalamente kunye noRhulumente weli lizwe. Kwakhona kwikomkhulu Iraqi iye iimyuziyam ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo siyakwazi ukufumana emkhosini, imyuziyam zakudala izinto ezenziwe ngesandla yamandulo Arab Museum of Modern Art and ngenkcazo. utyelelo yabo ixabisa kakhulu kancinane, kodwa kubonakale kungaphezu ngokwaneleyo.

thandwayo

Ukwazi kabani capital Baghdad, umntu kwizigqibo, nangona rough kakhulu, malunga Luluphi olona hlobo lokutya apha. Esi sixeko zokutyela ezininzi kunjalo, enesidima, nto leyo kakuhle Fundisa isivakashi kunye Cuisine Iraqi. Ukubunjwa izitya ibandakanya ubukhulu becala imvana, yemvu, iinkukhu, nebhokhwe, kodwa kunjalo, hayi yehagu. appetizers Inyama kungongezwa imifuno, ngokuqhelekileyo iyabiliswa okanye zifakwa. Eyona uphawu kuloo mbiza ethile fanele ekhitshini Iraqi linani elikhulu zobulawu. Phakathi izitya kwicala e Baghdad uza kufumana okanye ingqolowa umgrayo. Of le yokugqibela wenza izonkana eziyolisa intliziyo (okunencasa kakhulu), ezo zibizwa ngokuba "Eish". Elimnandi, bakulungele ukufumana imihla, halva okanye candied. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba iziselo ancedisayo apha okanye iti senziwa iziqhamo okanye ikofu womile. Ubisi esithathwe exutywe namanzi, kunye notywala inokufumaneka ukusela Iraq yemveli kuphela - Arak.

Entertainment e Baghdad

Nangona ukuba lo mzi waba inkululeko nje yamaSilamsi, kwaye ezahlukeneyo apha ayizukunyamezelwa, ukufumana ukuzonwabisa kuba umphefumlo sisenako. parks Nwabisa, iindawo kunye zasendle live, mizi, iindawo entle kunye neemarike baphuma - ezifana nokuceba odumileyo Baghdad. Capital ye Iran, Tehran, naye omnye Kumaziko benkolo yamaSilamsi, kodwa qaphela ukuba lo mzi imeko kude kuyakruqula ngakumbi. Abakhenkethi kaninzi babhidanisa la mazwe mabini, yaye ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba Iran uya kunikela ngazo ezi- ngakumbi, kodwa ke kucacile gqitha koko. Apha ungenza ukunandipha amatakane ukuthwala ekhwela, ndiyazicikida iilekese zasekuhlaleni, yaye emva kokuba uhambe phezu iindawo enhle, engqongwe imithi yesundu. Akukho ndlela ngaphantsi andikulingene ukuba ixesha elikhulu, uhambo ukuya kumyezo wezilwanyana. E Baghdad, lizisa abemi ezinqabileyo exotic izilwanyana emvula.

Uk ...

Hayi belusizi kangaka, eyoyikisayo kunye imbi, njengoko ngokufuthi uchaze ukuba ezindabeni, oko enyanisweni kwisixeko Baghdad. Likomkhulu kurhulumente, apho kwaye yintoni ekhoyo, asinguye wonk 'umntu uyazi, kodwa ukuba ukhangela umlando wawo, izithethe kunye uphonononge ubuncinane kanye ukuya khona, sinako ukubona okwahlukileyo. Oku kuyinyaniso Islamic Museum, okuhlanganisa iinkolelo yamandulo nemikhuba-Arabhu, yaye liyayishicilela yeziganeko zangoku.