Barbiturates: Uluhlu iziyobisi, ulawulo kunye nokusebenza

Kuba abangaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka iziyobisi amayeza eyaziwa njenge barbiturates. Uluhlu ngamalungiselelo eziqulathe ezi izinto, liye lehla kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuba kwacaca ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga iziyobisi kunye ezinzima kakhulu. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, kusekho ezi amachiza asetyenziswa ngayo amayeza, nangona kunjalo, kwimarike free angakufumani kuzo. Isizathu kukuba phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwakukho eninzi zokusweleka ngenxa eziyityhefu yi barbiturates. Ngoko ke, abo ugqirha uthi umisele ukunyanga la machiza kufuneka ukwazi oko imiphumela zinokubangela. Ukongeza, kukho amayeza ngaphezulu mihla, olusebenzayo ekhuselekileyo.

Yintoni barbiturates

la machiza zibonakele kwinkulungwane yama-20. Isazinzulu German Bayer wavula yinto ekhethekileyo - barbituric acid. Sele 1903 oko kwabalelwa emarikeni iyeza kuqala "Barbital" kuxhaphake kakhulu phantsi kwegama "veronal". Ngu-kwinkulungwane ye, kwakusaziwa ukuba ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini iimveliso, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "barbiturates". izicelo zabo kwi nemithi ngokubanzi: ukusuka ukuphuthelwa elula zomzimba. Ke abaninzi bazamela la machiza ukuze ntshikilelo, zokulala, okanye nje ukuze ukhululeke. Abanye baye exhomekeke barbiturates, nto leyo edla kuphelela ekufeni. Ngoko ke, kule minyaka 70 la machiza zanyamalala kwintengiso free. Kwaye ngoku, kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ezinye barbiturates zisetyenziswa.

uluhlu lwamachiza

Ngoku elisekhohlo nzima ngaphezu kweshumi kwala machiza. Kukho amaqela ezininzi barbiturates na. Babelane ubude bawo. Ngaba kucaca barbiturates ezinjalo:

- elide-esebenza "Barbital", "Phenobarbital" (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Luminal"), "Sodium barbiturate", "Butizol" kunye nabanye;

- avareji ubude 'cyclobarbital, "" barbamyl "," Alyurat "," butabarbital, "" Talbutal "kunye nabanye;

- mfutshane (iiyure ukuya ku-6) intshukumo "hexobarbital", "Pentothal", "Tiamilal", "Brevital" kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Bona zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengoko isitofu efakwa, njengoko sele eqala ukuba imizuzu embalwa emva nolawulo.

Yintoni senzo barbiturates

Barbituric acid iye isetyenziswe amayeza, njengoko kanti, ichaphazela inkqubo luvo, oko iibhloko unxibelelwano phakathi iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ngoko ke, zonke ezi mithi elithozamisayo enamandla, anticonvulsant, umthomalalisi nesiphumo encinane thile. Ukuba uthatha barbiturates phambi zomzimba, baya ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Ngoku nenani iziyobisi, kususela ukusetyenziswa hayi kuphela depresses luvo, kodwa ayiyekeki. Barbiturates onokuthelekiswa notywala. Eyiphakamisayo imeko efanayo umbhiyozo nemincili, ngokufuthi silwe, ngoko nabalele olomeleleyo enzima, emva koko umntu uziva ndidandathekile, kwaye umnqweno ukuthabatha ichiza kwakhona. Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi, barbiturates, qaphela ukuba waziva ekhululekile yaye ezolile, ukwanda ukuzithemba kunye zizwana. Kungenxa ezi ziphumo, abaninzi baba abaxhomekeke kwiziyobisi. Funda ukuba uhlalutyo: barbiturates ibonakele yokuchama. Izizathu zoku kukuba barbituric iasidi lithathwe kusetyenziswa kakhulu nezintso.

Njengoko barbiturates wasebenzisa

Kuye kudala singqiniwe ukuba la machiza ukuba elinamandla likhoboka leziyobisi, ngokufuthi eziphela ekufeni. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, isigulana kunokunceda barbiturates kuphela. Uluhlu amachiza asetyenziswa amayeza namhlanje, wawa kakhulu, kodwa zifumaneka kuphela ngokumiselwa. Bona babelwa kuphela kwiimeko kakhulu:

- noxinezeleko kakhulu;

- zizigulo zemithambo kakhulu;

- kunye amahlaba kunye yombono;

- ukulungisa sesigulane zomzimba ngexesha lomsebenzi;

- kwimeko sokulibala, xa kungekho ezinye iindlela uncedo.

Ikakhulu kusetyenziswa barbiturates ukuze ukuxhuzula. Kodwa abanye abantu abadala abangatshatanga bazisebenzise kwaye ukuzola. Kumaziko onyango barbiturates zisetyenziswa ngokohlobo isitofu efakwa okanye intramuscular, kunye out-izigulane unyango linokwenziwa tablets, njengezingxobo okanye suppositories. Amanye amachiza ziyinxalenye nezinye iziyobisi. Umzekelo, phenobarbital kuba sisiseko 'korvalola ". A iipilisi zokulala strong "Penobarbital" isetyenziselwa ngokubulawa isohlwayo sokufa ukubulawa njengonyango lwezilwanyana.

imiphumela emibi Yintoni isizathu

Ngoku ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa kumaziko zonyango barbiturates. Uluhlu kumachiza ukusetyenziswa, eyaziwa kuphela ubugcisa. Kulula kakhulu ukuba zonakaliswe iziyobisi okanye bafuna ukubafaka ukuxhomekeka. Ukuba umntu usoloko esebenzisa barbiturates, ingafunyanwa ngezizathu ezifana:

- ukozela, ukudideka, nemibono rhoqo;

- ukungalingani kunye neentshukumo ongalawulekiyo;

- intetho slurred, manghanghamela;

- ezibeka okukwazi;

- irhashalala kunye nezifo ubovu eluswini;

- isifo pathways kwaye sehlise intshukumo kwenkqubo zesisu;

- ukudakumba, kwesiphazamiso, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ubuvila;

- isiphithiphithi sezingqondweni ingqalelo kakuhle.

Ukuxhomekeka kwi barbiturates

Abantu badla ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezifana zokuthoba okanye nzima ukuphuthelwa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha abaqondi ukuba oko izaliswe ingozi. Kuba ngoku, Iziyobisi par kulinganiswa umlaliso kunye barbiturates. Ukuxhomekeka esibonakaliswa imfuneko asele amalungiselelo rhoqo, ukwandisa umthamo wabo. Phuhlisa emva kweenyanga ezintathu wokwamkelwa rhoqo. Ukuxhomekeka kubangela ukuba nochuku, ndingekhoyo-kwentliziyo, sinciphise yoxinaniso kunye nememori. Kusenokubakho iintlobo zizigulo zemithambo: intetho slurred, igubha imilenze, yombono. Emva kokuba ulale enzima ebangelwa barbiturates, umntu uziva ubuthathaka ngokupheleleyo. Ezibeka xi yena abanengxaki yintloko ebuhlungu kunye isicaphucaphu, ukuba bahlukane kuyo, thatha ithamo entsha. Ngoko ke uba zixhomekeke.

Kutheni abantu ukuthatha la machiza

Ngokwembonakalo sele barbiturates zithandwa kakhulu. Uluhlu lweemveliso phakathi kwinkulungwane ukuya yama-20 ukuya ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka izihloko. Bamkelwa kwabo bafuna ukwehlisa umoya, wabalahla iingxaki owayevakalelwa ingxabano rhoqo kunye nokulala. Xa kwacaca ukuba isenzo barbiturates uyafana iziyobisi, ukusetyenziswa kwazo yehliswe ngamandla. Kodwa ngoku uninzi lwabo bawele ukuxhomekeka. Kukholelwa ukuba kudla ngokuba ngabantu abakuthiyayo ngokwabo, baye baphelelwa ngumdla ebomini kunye imfuneko yonxibelelwano. Kwaye, nakubeni barbiturates kubangela ukulibala, ukulala kunye nokunqongophala iingcamango enzima, bahlala ethandwayo. Idla kungenxa yoko, abantu badla ukuba athathe neziyobisi. Ngaphandle, phantsi amanyathelo umntu uyayeka ukuba uzive iintlungu, ukuba iimvakalelo iyaphela.

ubuthi ngu barbiturates

Ingozi la machiza ukuba ngokukhawuleza kunikezwe libanda, iziyobisi. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni umntu ewela ulele kwaye bangavuki phezulu, kuba ukuphefumla ngcembe uyehla kwaye kwenzeka ekufeni. Ukuba barbiturates igazi kumanani amakhulu, kwaye oku kungenzeka xa uthatha idiphu njengesiqhelo, kodwa kwimeko ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide ichiza, kukho ityhefu. Ingcinezelo abantu kunciphisa kabukhali, ubuso bakhe ajike aluhlaza nokuphefumla kwakhe uba rhoqo kunye nzulu. Ukufa ngokuqhelekileyo lwenzeka ukushwabana isixokelelwano sokuphefumla.

Ukuphelisa amachiza

Lahla ukuxhomekeka barbiturate kunzima kakhulu. Zibuhlungu ntonje yomelele xa likhoboka umlaliso. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva uyayeka ukuthatha iziyobisi umntu uziva ixhala, isicaphucaphu, kubuhlungu efuna nokuxutha izinto. Inokwenzeka ukuxhuzula, bronchospasm, okanye ukuba khokhoma. Oku kukhokelela ekufeni. Kwaye waphawula ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo: umntu akakwazi ukucinga kakuhle, kukho utyekelo ukuzibulala. Ngoko ke, ulwalamano olunjalo ithathwa kuphela kwindawo yonyango phantsi kweliso gqirha.

Yintoni indawo barbiturates

Kutshanje enqabile kusetyenziswa la machiza. Kumazwe amaninzi, ngokubanzi, vala barbiturates. asetyenziswa Zeziphi iziyobisi, abazi yonke into, ngoko kufuneka ufunde ngenyameko imiyalelo ekwakhiweni. Ngoku sebenzisa ukuba balahle ubuthongo, uxinezeleko neziyobisi ezikhuselekileyo ukuba kunqabile kakhulu ukuba likhoboka lazo. Kaninzi ukuba "Lorazepam", "Diazepam", "Librium" kunye nabanye. are fana ekhuselekileyo, "New Pass", "Glycine", "amathontsi Zelenin" kunye namanye amayeza ngamayeza. Elinye kwiiarhente zekhemikhali kuba iti esintu okanye zetyeleba motherwort, aromatherapy, imithi kunye notshintsho yokuphila.