Bertolt Brecht: biography, imbali yobomi, ubuchule kunye neencwadi best

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 gg.) - enye amanani kumabala emidlalo German ngobukhulu, ababhali bemidlalo abaneziphiwo ngexesha lakhe, kodwa umdlalo wakhe yaye usathandwa kwaye zibekwa zemidlalo ezininzi zehlabathi. Lo mbhali iprozi kunye mbongi, kwakunye umdali yeqonga "Berliner lomculo". Bertolda Brehta ubuchule bamrholela ukwenza intsingiselo entsha "theatre kwezopolitiko." Wazalwa kwisixeko waseJamani ka-Augsburg. Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe ukuba unomdla kwindawo yokubonela, kodwa nentsapho yakhe wanyanzelisa ukuba ugqirha, emva kwesikolo eziphakamileyo wangena University. Lyudviga Maksimiliana eMunich.

Bertolt Brecht: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho olukhulu lwenzeka emva kwentlanganiso umbhali odumileyo waseJamani Leon Fayhvangerom. Yena ngoko nangoko Waphawula inkwenkwana italente elincomekayo kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba enze iincwadi n'wina. Ngeli xesha Brecht wagqiba umdlalo wakhe "igubu wobusuku", awawabeka omnye zemiboniso Munich kaThixo.

Ngo-1924, emva kokugqiba eyunivesithi ukoyisa Berlin oselula Bertolt Brecht. ngobomi bakhe ibonisa ukuba ulinde enye intlanganiso emangalisayo kunye nomlawuli odumileyo Erwin Piscator. Emva konyaka, eli ibhayisekili kudala "yemiboniso yesigaba".

biography Emfutshane Bertolda Brehta kubonisa ukuba umbhali naye kuba sisityebi, yaye akuyi kuba imali yakhe uya kwanela ukuba ukubhukisha kuthenga iingceba bemidlalo dumeke. Kungenxa yoko le nto Brecht wagqiba ukubhala ezabo.

Kodwa waqala tinkering kunye imidlalo edumileyo, waza ke waya zokusingatha imisebenzi ezaziwayo zoncwadi abadlali non-zobungcali.

umsebenzi wokubonelwa

indlela Creative of Bertolda Brehta waqala umdlalo "I Threepenny Opera" nguYohane Gay, kwincwadi yakhe "Opera: UMUGQIBI kaThixo, 'nto leyo yaba ngomnye yokuqala enjalo amalinge bt, ibekwe ngo 1928.

Ngesakhiwo ubalisa ibali ubomi oogobityholo eziliqela amahlwempu, ngubani bayeke nto, yaye zonke iindlela bafuna yokuziphilisa. Performance phantse nangoko zaye zasasazeka ngokunxiba, lwasuswa zakuqala na abo baphambili eqongeni.

Ke Brecht, kunye neqabane lakhe Piscator ke ubeka kwindawo yokubonela "Volksbühne" kwinoveli wesibini umdlalo joint Gorky "umama".

umoya revolution

E eJamani, ngoxa amaJamani Ayemfuna iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa kurhulumente, ngoko kukho isifo esithile. Yaye lo moya olululo Bertolt ukugcina kakhulu ngomoya abavakalelwa ngayo uluntu.

Oku kwalandela umdlalo omtsha Brecht kaThixo isigaba kwingcamango kwinoveli uJ Hasek ibali malunga adventures le Soldier Good Schweik. It kwatsala ingqalelo abaphulaphuli ukuba ngokoqobo ahlohla kunye neemeko ezihlekisayo ngemihla, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - eziyimibalabala anti-imfazwe umxholo.

Kodwa apha kwi ukungoneliseki umbhali zawela amaNazi, ngubani wangumlawuli ngeli xesha. Ngoko ke, ngo-1933, le zemiboniso abasebenzi isiJamani umlomo. Kwangoko Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe Bertolt Brecht.

Biography ibonisa ukuba ngexesha wayetshate ngumdlali odumileyo Elene Vaygel, yaye loo nto kunye naye, wafudukela eFinland.

Imisebenzi e Finland

Apho uqala ukusebenza lo mdlalo "Umama Inkalipho nabantwana bayo." Ngesakhiwo, yena wa- kroba kwincwadi abantu isiJamani, nto leyo echaza adventures a torgashki ngexesha leMfazwe Years Engamashumi '.

State of Germany yamaNazi, akaba nako ukufihlakala Wasala yedwa, ngoko ke wanika umbala yezopolitiko kulo mdlalo "Uloyiko Usizi Wesithathu" kwaye abasibonisa izizathu zakhe bokwenyaniso yokuza lwamaNazi Party of Hitler.

impi

Ngexesha Second World Finland waba njengehlakani eJamani, Brecht, yaye ngenxa yoko kwafuneka ukuba thutha kwakhona, kodwa ke eli xesha eMelika. Usa kukho umdlalo lakhe elitsha "Life of UGalileo" (1941), "I uMntu Kakuhle Szechwan", "UMnu Puntilla kunye umkhonzi wakhe uMatti."

Njengesiseko athathwa amabali abantu ezithandwayo kunye uvuthondaba. Kubonakala ukuba elula ecacileyo, kodwa Brecht, sibaphatha kunye nentetho equkayo, bulumko, wajika kubo ngemizekeliso. Ngoko ke ekuchubekeni befuna ezintsha amazwi iingcinga zabo, izimvo kunye neenkolelo.

Taganka Theatre

ukusebenza kwakhe kumabala emidlalo baba ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli. Cula ingoma, maxa wambi abaphulaphuli wamenyelwa kweqonga waza wabenza baba abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo mdlalo. Ezi zinto benza abantu eziwela indlela. Kwaye uwazi kakuhle kakhulu Bertolt Brecht. ngobomi bakhe iqulethe enye into ebangel 'umdla gqitha: kuvela, nayo i eMoscow Taganka Theatre waqalisa ukudlala Brecht. ke uMlawuli Lyubimov wenza umdlalo "I Umntu Kakuhle Szechwan" awayebalasele ngayo yeqonga, nkqu kunye nezinye ngomdlalo ezimbalwa.

Ukuphela kwemfazwe, wabuyela nangoko eYurophu kunye Bertolt Brecht. Biography unalo ulwazi wazinza Austria. Zuza ukwenza kunye ovations emi baba yonke imidlalo yayo, awawubhalayo emva eMelika, "The abaseAfrika itshokwe Circle", "Vuka ka-Arturo Ui". Umdlalo yokuqala wabonisa isimo sakhe umboniso Charles Chaplin kaThixo "The Great zwilakhe" yaye wazama ukugqiba besithi, akagqiba Chaplin.

Theatre "Berliner lomculo"

Ngowe-1949, le Berthold wamenywa ukuba asebenze kwi GDR theatre "Berliner lomculo", apho waba umlawuli zobugcisa kunye nomlawuli. Wabhala naphaya ibakala imisebenzi ezinkulu iincwadi zehlabathi: "Vassa Zheleznov" "Mama" Ubukrakra, "Beaver inoboya" yaye "I-Red Rooster" G. Hauptmann.

Ngomdlalo wakhe wayehamba isiqingatha ihlabathi, ke, batyelela USSR, apho ngowe-1954 wathi wawongwa uLenin Peace Prize.

Bertolt Brecht: biography, uluhlu lweencwadi

Phakathi-1955 Brecht, eneminyaka engama-57 waqalisa ukuziva ugula kakhulu, ukuba abaneminyaka, wahamba, Esayama ngenduku. Wenza umyolelo apho walatha ibhokisi umzimba wakhe akazange nxiba kuboniswa obala yaye akazange athi intetho ntle.

Kanye ngonyaka omnye emva entwasahlobo, ukusebenza kwindawo yokubonela ekuvelisweni "Ubomi Gadileya" Brekhov apha emilenzeni uphethwe sisifo sentliziyo minor, emva, ekupheleni kwehlobo, nempilo yakhe yayisiba, waza wafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo elikhulu Agasti 10, 1956.

Apha kule kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba agqibe umxholo othi "Breht Bertold:. Ibali lobomi biography" Kuhleli kuphela ukongeza ukuba ebomini bam bonke, lo mntu emangalisayo wabhala imisebenzi emininzi zoncwadi. Best eyaziwa ngokuba imidlalo bakhe, ukongeza koku kungentla, kuyinto "uBhahali" (1918), "Indoda yindoda" (1920), "The Life of UGalileo" (1939), "I abaseAfrika itshokhwe," abaninzi, nabanye abaninzi.