Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy. anika umdla

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (iminyaka yobomi - 1892-1941) - imbongi odumileyo Russian. Yena ke intombi Tsvetaeva Ivan Vladimirovich (1847-1913), sisazinzulu. Kuba umsebenzi wakhe luphawulwa maximalism naye, eli ligatya yobomi bemihla ngemihla, uthando unyashiweyo, ubulolo iintshukumisa. iingqokelela ezinkulu imbongi - "Iimbalasane" (1921), epapashwe ngo-1923 "Craft", "Emva Russia" (1928). Waye kwasekwa 1925 umbongo satirical ebizwa ngokuba "Pied Piper", kwaye elandelayo - ". Umbongo Yokugqibela" Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ekhaya Tsvetaeva

Tsvetaeva Marina wazalwa ngomhla wama-26 Septemba (style endala --8 Oktobha) 1892 eMoscow. Uyise, njengoko senditshilo, ibe njengesazinzulu ezikhethekileyo kwimbali yamandulo, ubugcisa kunye epigraphy. Waba ngunozala kunye nomlawuli lokuqala (ukususela 1911 ukuya 1913), Museum of Arts Fine. Umtshato wokuqala waba uprofesa elungileyo kakhulu, kodwa emva kokuzalwa wabantwana ababini, wafa umfazi oselula, kunye Ivan Tsvetaev ngokutsha watshata uMariya Mayne. Ngowe-1892, 26 Septemba, le bavele intombazana abo bamkela igama Marina (ukutsho oko, i "ulwandle"). Iqala biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy.

Mama, Meyn uMariya Aleksandrovna, wafa ngo-1906. Yena waye nomdlali, umfundi ka Rubinshteyna A. G. Lo mfazi iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu Marina. Uthi waphupha ukuba intombi yakhe waba nomdlali. Noko ke, ihlabathi kwimibongo umdla ngakumbi Tsvetaeva oselula ngaphandle kokusebenza lwezikim. Eminye iminyaka emithandathu ubudala wabhala indinyana yokuqala. Kwaye hayi kuphela Russian Marina kwenzeka, kodwa isiFrentshi kwakunye nesiJamani. Kunokuba bazisa ngokungqongqo phezulu iintombi (Marina kunye Anastasia yakhe udade) unina. Bayalelwa imfundo esemagqabini. Uyisemkhulu isiqingatha abazalwana noodade --mbali kunye yekhasi Ilovajskij Dmitri Ivanovich.

Ebuntwaneni imbongi elizayo

Biography of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala kuphawulwa yokuba yena umntwana ngenxa kanyoko yokugula waphila ixesha elide eJamani, eSwitzerland, Italy. Ngenxeba uqeqesho Izabelo zazaliswa kwiiklasi eziqhutyelwa ezikolweni sokubhoda Freiburg kunye Lausanne. Marina yabamba wayesazi isiJamani kunye isiFrentshi. Yena waphulaphula i Sorbonne ngo-1909, ikhondo iincwadi French.

ukuzimela Early

Emva kokufa umama umntwana yawa emagxeni kayise. Yena wayexakekile emsebenzini, ngoko ababa akanikeli lonke ixesha lakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto, mhlawumbi, amantombazana ziye zakhula ngaphaya ezimeleyo ngokweminyaka yakhe, waba nomdla ekuqaleni kwi imeko yezopolitiko kurhulumente, ubudlelwane nabantu besini esahlukileyo.

Education Marina Tsvetaeva

Xa ngokuthi kukamama wakhe eselula Marina Tsvetaeva waya kwisikolo umculo, wathabatha ekhaya izifundo zomculo. Kodwa le misebenzi emva kokufa nophuhliso kaMariya akazange. Marina kunye nodadewabo wafumana imfundo yamabanga ekhaya, phantsi kwesikhokelo unina wakhe. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-8-9, imbongi elizayo baya iiklasi yokwenza umthambo Bryukhonenko lwenkobe, uze emva koko eSwitzerland, e Lausanne. Wafunda ngo-1903 kwisikolo esibhodisayo yamaKatolika, waza ke waya emva kokuba usapho wafudukela kwisikolo esibhodisayo French. Tsvetaeva waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eJamani, endlwini yabahambi Freiburg. Yena lula banikwa iilwimi, kwaye ke oko kudla wayeyifumana translation, ngenxa yokuba ubuchule ayinyuki imivuzo le mbongi, ngathi Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography kunye nemibongo yakhe kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe waqalisa kuvusa umdla abaninzi.

Marina waya ngo-1908 ukuya eParis, apho abhalise kwi Sorbonne. Apho waphulaphula ukufunda iincwadi Old French.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi wokubhala

biography Creative of Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy uqala ngolu hlobo. Yemifuniselo zokuqala zoncwadi ababenxulumana kwesazinge Symbolists of eMoscow. Marina wadibana Briusov, nto leyo yaba nempembelelo enkulu imibongo yalo yokuqala, yaye nembongi ezifana Ellios (Kobylinskiy Lev Lvovich). Yena inxaxheba kwiintshukumo neentonga Studios, imi indlwana "Musaget". Kwakhona waba nempembelelo enkulu ihlabathi zobugcisa echaza endlwini (kwi eCrimea), umhlalutyi yobugcisa mbongi Maximilian Voloshin. Wahlala e Koktebel amaxesha amaninzi.

I iingqokelela yokuqala

Ngokuqokelela zakhe ezimbini yemibongo "Album Hosi" (1910) kunye "The Magic zezibane" (1912), kwakunye kubhaliweyo 1914 umbongo "Witch" inkcazelo ngokucokisekileyo ezithengiswayo ekhaya (zabantu, nezipili, iiholo, yabantwana), ukufunda, ukuhamba phezu Boulevard, umculo, imisebenzi, ubudlelwane kunye nodade wabo kunye nonina efanisiweyo idayari yesikole oselula. "Albhamu Evening" sanikezelwa kwimemori kaMariya Bashkirtseva Konstantinovna artist olujolise idayari, orientation confessional. Njengoko kubhaliweyo 1921, lo mbongo "Ngomhla ebomvu ihashe" imilo iibhaladi ezisemagqabini romantic wafumana ibali ukwenziwa imbongi.

umsebenzi olunye

wabonakala uzinikele Sofey Parnok (oko ke uwaxelele), kumjikelo lwemibongo "Girlfriend" ngo-1916. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil weza umjikelo osihloko sithi "Swan Song," nto leyo Yayikukuzinikela ubuqhawe lwamagosa ezimhlophe. Kukho ngemisebenzi yakhe kunye nemibongo, eziqwenga zothando, ezifana 'ihashe elibomvu "," Yegorushka "," Tsar Ntombazana ".

Nokulalana Rodzevich waphefumlela nokudalwa ingqokelela "Umbongo we Isiphelo" yaye "Umbongo we entabeni." EParis, apho wagqibela ukuqokelelwa lokudla Marina. Le usapho ngo-1928 bafuduka eCzech Republic. Yaqhubeka lushicilelwe, kodwa inkoliso kwimibongo yakhe. Marina wenza becala iinguqulelo nantambama bokuyila ukuziphilisa.

ebuhlungu

Le inkulu imfihlelo Efron usapho (indoda wembongi), kunye Tsvetaeva, yintoni eyabangela ukuba bafudukele eSoviet Union ngowe-1939? sikhulu White, Efron, ngubani walwa nzima nxamnye iiBolsheviks, bakholwa ngephanyazo ngokoyisa nolobukomanisi. Wabuyayo eParis noluntu ukulawula NKVD, eyayisingethe nokubuyiswa besiba kwilizwe lawo. Ngowe-1937, wafika kuqala kwintombi eMoscow Marina Tsvetaeva kaThixo, Ariadne (ngubani wabanjwa ngaphambi nabani na). Emva koko Sergei Efron singabasindileyo, njengoko siye abuthathaka ubudlelwane kunye NKVD e Paris. Marina nonyana wakhe walandela umyeni wakhe ukuba ekupheleni ukwenza umsebenzi ngumfazi onothando.

Le minyaka yokugqibela ubomi Marina I.

Iziganeko alandelayo nazaliswe biography yakhe. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wazibonela ukubanjwa umyeni wakhe nentombi ngo-1939, sazaphula nembongi. Yena wasala yedwa kunye nonyana wakhe uGeorge. Kwaye ke ulwalamano kunye naye, exhakamfula cwaka kakhulu, baba ezahlukeneyo. wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngenxa yako konke oku kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. biography emfutshane kwemihla kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe kupheliswa kulandela isiganeko obulalayo. August 31, 1941, emva kokuphuma ku Yelabuga ngokunxulumene kokuqhambuka Second World War, Tsvetaeva waxhonywa yena phezu Kama River, endlwini yerhuluneli, neyabelwe kubo kunye nonyana wakhe. Ayizange kwafunyanwa kwingcwaba Marina Tsvetaeva, nangona iinzame Anastasia yakhe udade, leyo yesiqhelo ngo-1959, kunye nentombi yakhe Ariadne (kwimo ngo-1955). Ngo-Agasti 1941, e Moscow, wadubula Sergei Efron.

Olo ibhayografi emfutshane Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.

indalo Imbongi Ixabiso

Thina abanomdla wembongi, ngelishwa, xa ubomi akazange alinde ingqalelo. Kwakufuneka ukuba alambe, kwaye ucengcelezo kunye nengqokelela kube zange nok bexesha lakhe. Okwangoku ke, Tsvetaeva uNkulunkulu uyakufanelekela enye abameli ubalaseleyo imibongo Russian ye-Silver Age. biography Emfutshane Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna kunye nemibongo yakhe zifakiwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Namhla imibongo ethandwa kakhulu, uninzi lwazo baba zothando edume, beka umculo. Ngoku, hayi kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya ivuyela uthando kunye nokunakana Marina Tsvetaeva. biography ezimfutshane IsiNgesi Marina Ivanovna, umzekelo, wadalwa ngababhali abaninzi. ENetherlands, e Leiden, indlu ukwakweli udonga abhaliweyo imibongo Tsvetaeva (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi).

Interesting izibakala nobomi Tsvetaeva

ubomi Personal imbongi (yena akazange ayithande ilizwi, ebizwa ngokwayo imbongi) emsebenzini wakhe ayikwazi zahlulwe. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthetha ngayo iinyaniso ezimbalwa umdla eziye ziphawulwe ubomi bakhe. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wabhala imisebenzi yakhe emihle siyathandana, ngomzuzu ngamava enamandla ngokweemvakalelo.

Iinoveli abaninzi ugonyamelo ezibe Marina wobomi, kodwa uthando kuphela kuphunyeziwe yonke ubomi imbongi - yi Sergei Efron, owaba nomyeni wakhe uyise kubantwana bakhe.

Ukungenisa wabo yothando, kwi eCrimea ngo-1911. UMarina, lo gama i-imbongi amagqabi, wahlala apha isimemo ka Maximilian Voloshin, umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni.

Sergei Efron kwi eCrimea weza ukuphilisa emva umbane, kwakunye kwakhona emva ngokuzibulala nonina. Sele ngowe-1912, ngoJanuwari, ukuba batshata. Ngelo xesha, intombi Tsvetaeva kaThixo, Ariadne. Noko ke, nangona ukuba marina noku kakhulu nomyeni wakhe, kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kokuzalwa Ali (ebizwa ngokuba ekhaya Ariadne) yena singena ngenyhek inoveli entsha. Kwaye eli xesha lo mfazi, imbongi kunye umguquleli Nozipho Parnok wayemthanda Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. biography emfutshane ngenxa yoonyana, Kakade ke, ayithethi nto. Ebuhlungu abanamava Efron uthando umfazi wayo; kodwa baxolelwe. Ngowe-1916, emva kokuba ingxabano ezininzi nobuyiswano, Tsvetaeva ekugqibeleni ndahlukana Parnok waza wabuyela ekhaya.

Emva kuluxolelaniso kunye nomyeni wakhe ngo-1917, Marina wazala Irina, nto leyo eye yaba ukuphoxeka for Tsvetaeva, owayefuna unyana. Efron inxaxheba ukuhanjiswa emhlophe, balwa kunye iiBolsheviks, ngoko wemka emva kokuba revolution, eMoscow waya ngasemzantsi, apho inxaxheba ukuziphendulela eCrimea. Bathutha nje emva kokuba umkhosi Denikin ekugqibeleni woyiswa.

abantwana ababini bahlala Marina Tsvetaeva eMoscow. usapho beswele yaye kwafuneka ukuba athengise izinto ukuze badle. Noko ke, ukugcina intombi encinci, nangona yonke imigudu, nayo ayinakuba umama. Ira wafa yokuhlala liphango, apho wanika Tsvetaeva, ngethemba lokuba umntwana uya kudla ngcono apha.

Marina ngexesha ukwahlukana nomyeni wakhe wasinda iinoveli ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, kodwa wagqiba ngo-1922 ukuya ku Sergei Efron amazwe. Sele edibene neqabane lakho, Marina ngethuba ekuthinjweni le Czech Republic wadibana Rodzevich, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba uyise wenene George, unyana ekudala elindelwe, wazalwa ngo-1925. Kodwa ngokusemthethweni ke Efron. Uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagxininisa Marina Tsvetaeva (biography, olunomdla nobomi apho siye saxubusha), nto leyo ekugqibeleni wazala unyana, umyeni wakhe. Ngoko ke, oko engagqibekanga ngentlawulelo ityala labo ziviwa emva intombi wafa le Moscow post-revolution.

Oku imbongi Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography, iinyani ezinika umdla kubomi bakhe, ithemba, uvuse umnqweno umfundi ukuba aqhubeke aqhelane nale ummeli ngokudangazela na kwisihobe iSilver Age. Ekucetyiswa ukuba ukufunda imihobe zakhe. imisebenzi ngokwenene unekhono wadala Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. biography Mfutshane (ekuthiwa iSilver Age, ndiyathemba ukuba ukhumbule) wadalwa ukuze evusa umdla ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakhe.