Uphuhliso eTshayina kumaXesha Aphakathi

Ngenkulungwane ophawulekayo singathetha ngayo inkqubo yokukhula lweedolophu olukhawulezileyo. Yokwanda ezisezidolophini, ekulelona kwimimandla esemazantsi ngaphezu kwe-10%, kukho uhlobo olutsha lwe isixeko -trade-wobugcisa Posad (zhen). Kwizixeko ezikhulu ezifana Kaifeng, Changsha, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, babehlala abantu ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi, kwaye labemi ekupheleni Hangzhou Iingoma baba malunga ne-1.2 yezigidi. An utshintsho obalulekileyo ukupheliswa ubomi zesixeko, engqongwe emaqeleni yokuhlala. Ngesi ukongeza emarikeni yorhwebo coverage-la kunye nezitalato ekurhwebeni craft ezidolophini isekhona imifela.

Zaba oluneenkcukacha, nezininzi yayo kunangaphambili. Kodwa uhlobo emilibeni yokuzalwa lilimbi bahlala phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lwe abasemagunyeni, kwenziwe imisebenzi wezimali, safaka ukungalingani ngaphakathi kwiindidi ngeendidi zabasebenzi. Uphuhliso eTshayina kumaXesha Aphakathi ....

Trade lakhula ngokukhawuleza: kwisiqingatha sesibini lwekhulu XI. umthamo wayo landa nge malunga 1/3. inani Ngaloo nablyudaetsm nezici ezintsha: Umsebenzi yorhwebo malunga nemeko-nkqubo angaphandle ngakumbi safudukela kumzantsi-mpuma lizwe, kukho iinkampani merchant ezinkulu, nokwandisa iindidi zorhwebo, irhafu yorhwebo ukuthatha isimilo kwenkqubo kwaye abe ngumthombo ebalulekileyo bengeniso yobuncwane.

Phuhlisa kunye namanye amazwe: i North - umda kunye sendleleni kunye Liao kunye Western xia, kwi-South East - ulwandle. Le yokugqibela yi achumileyo ngakumbi emva zokusekwa kwe-Southern Iingoma uBukhosi. Ngowe-XII-XIII iinkulungwane. kuba, mhlawumbi, ngaphantsi kunakuqala, kuxhomekeke ehamba yaye imisela kwananwe ngayo ozakuzo laseMelika. Xa kumazibuko ezinkulu unxweme mpuma China zaye ke waqalisa ukulawula iinqanawa zabarhwebi. Uphuhliso China kaThixo kumaXesha Aphakathi ...

Development Trade negalelo ekuphuculeni uqoqosho imali. In XI-XII cc. Nobhedu nentsimbi ezinkozo uphose amanani ibonwe unangoku. Baya onabileyo, nokuba ngaphandle China. Ngelo xesha kwandisa ukusetyenziswa amatye anqabileyo kwaye kukho imali yokuqala yokwenene iphepha, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo (Hoti yokuba akananto eqinileyo), kwaba impumelelo enkulu kwishishini zemali.

Ukongeza, ukongamela Jurchen kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe, nangona yokuba ziqondeka odolo ezininzi umthamo kunye nenkcubeko Chinese, wabangela aziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze ukungalingani. Oku wabonakaliswa yokuba i Jurchen yaba ngumbutho ekhethekileyo emkhosini-lolawulo ekuhlaleni, zifakiwe okanye wafumana amazwe ilungileyo, imali izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphantsi kwe amaTshayina, irhafu.

Uphuhliso eTshayina kumaXesha Aphakathi