Biology Science: Isingqi - ngumbindi umzimba wesilwanyana

Yintoni enze ukrebe, umhlaba xoxo, a Python, ihobe, eku xhulumaneni ne ndoda? Xa uqala kuqala, akukho nto umxhelo kakhulu iiyantlukwano eziphilayo ukusuka omnye komnye, kokubini ngembonakalo, enyanisweni, into adle, apho ukuze baphile. njani ukuchaza umanyano eziphilayo nenzululwazi?

Le Isingqi - umzimba lasekwa ngo embryogenesis kuzo zonke ezi abemi behlabathi. Ukusuka apho zivela khona? Yiyiphi imisebenzi Isingqi kwaye adibana njani izilwanyana? Kwi umbuzo ngoku, siza kufumana iimpendulo kweli nqaku. Le mizekelo ngezantsi, zibonisa ukwahluka chordates kunye nendima yazo ephambili yendalo.

Iimpawu lomqolo zomzimba yezihlunu

Zonke iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza lokuba iintlobo 42 lamawaka eziphilileyo bale uhlobo chordal, ukufunda ibhayoloji. Le Isingqi - yeyona Indlela yokwakheka olumanyanisa ezi izinto zibe iyunithi eyodwa ngendlela. Kuyinto ingumsipha ilastiki, equka iiseli zomzimba nokuqina, enika inkxaso kuwo wonke umzimba. Le notochord ibekwe ecaleni umzimba ezingisa ubomi kwezinye iintlobo, ngokuba Isingqi asezantsi. Bona abameli jawless superclass: lamprey kunye hagfish. Xa neentlanzi cartilaginous, ookrebe kunye rays, amathambo yonke ubunjwe kwizicwili kwaye isakhiwo esifanayo Isingqi. Yena, ke, igcinwa kwezi izinto ebomini.

Waba yintoni umphumo xa ukuvela asemzimbeni yangaphakathi

Iyintoni na intsingiselo Isingqi? Biology iqwalasela kovela Amphioxus, uze nezinye izilwanyana aromorphosis kubalulekile. Oku kukhokelele kuphuhliso inkqubo yenkxaso kunye nentshukumo evelayo izilwanyana ezweni kuqala. Oku kwenza ukuba ukufumana inzuzo ubuninzi eko- yelizwe kwaye ayichase, ingakumbi impembelelo embi bezimpi womxhuzulane kwakunye neminye imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo.

In olubanzi iqela yezilwanyana, lo ezingahlali intlala wathi indawo isakhiwo umcu yezihlunu, equka izinto osseous - omqolo. Ezi zibandakanya abameli kwiiklasi ezininzi izilwanyana lizwe, ezifana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ubomi emanzini, ukuba lomqolo, kuquka amaqela neentlanzi nokudleka: carps, Clupeiformes, Perciformes, etc ...

Xa Ukudaleka onke amaqela ngentla zezilwanyana yathatha indawo ebhudla izilwanyana nazo kulo mhlaba. Oku kuxhaswa uphando ubamba inzululwazi kunye eziphilayo. Le Isingqi - na umzimba, sivumele izilwanyana ukukhuphisana ezingenamqolo kumzabalazo yobukho.

chordates kuqala

Izazi ezininzi, izazinzulu babefuna ukufumana isilwanyana, ogama isakhiwo ingathatyathwa ikhonkco phakathi ezingenamqolo kunye lomqolo. Embindini ka kweemveku Russian kwinkulungwane XIX Kovalevsky uchaze osandul uphuhliso mmi ingathi yimimangaliso oLwandle Omnyama - Amphioxus njengesiqhelo.

sidalwa bukhanye ukuya ku-8 cm, kwaye ngathi intlanzi ngaphandle Isingqi intloko kugcinwa ubomi bakhe. Amphioxus kwaba ifomu senguqu, ubukho ebifihliwe eziphilayo kangaka elide befuna. Isingqi - isakhiwo, ukubonakala leyo eqinisekisa kakuhle uhlobo endleleni yendaleko. Iimpawu lobume osandul (ubukho ngeengcamba ezintathu intsholongwane) kunye ontogenesis Amphioxus yaqinisekisa kwingcinga yokuba iminyanya chordates zizinto eziphilayo ukuba akukho skeleton yangaphakathi.

Bookmark asemzimbeni yezihlunu

Formation of the Isingqi evela eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo ngezinto ezifanayo, nangona ixesha lekhefu ngalo oku kwenzeka ziyahluka. Umzekelo, nomtya yabantu osandul nokuqina ubonakala kwiphiriyodi ekuqaleni uphuhliso osandul, kwaye tab yayo ngokukhawuleza intlanzi okanye ezinye lomqolo. Eziba asi umva wabumba phantsi uvaleke. Of isabelo ephambili amathumbu ekuthiwa hordomezodermalnym umhlehlo iphuhlisa lomqolo usinga.

Biology and Medicine iinkcukacha izuchyut iinkqubo ibakho isigaba gastrulation ebonisa olwaphula Palsy, okungathetha ukuhla nempumelelo, inkangeleko ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokufa ndiseyimbumba. iindlela Ukungaphumeleli inqaku lencwadi amalungu yezihlunu: uvaleke, notochord, emathunjini - yeyona iyingozi, ngoko ke eliqhelekileyo zokukhulelwa kwi ezintathu yokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba impilo yomntwana olungekazalwa.

Ukwahluka kunye nokubaluleka lohlobo chordwise

Abameli eli qela elikhulu eziphilayo afunda ngayo kakuhle ukuba iimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo ukuba ahlala zonke izidalwa ezisemhlabeni yayigcinwa eziphilayo. Kulo kwehayidrosfere, ikhaya ngaphezu kwamawaka-20. Fish iintlobo ezijongwa ngayo chordates kakhulu, umphezulu kunye nobunzulu lithosfere bazaliswe inani elikhulu iintlobo eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo ezanyisayo, kunye nomhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo air kuhlala ngaphezu kwe-8 amawaka. Birds. Xa uhlobo Isingqi ngayo kwaye kubantu abampilo ngokwesiseko utshintshe ubuso emhlabeni wethu.