Ingongoma yokunyibilika aluminium

Aluminium - metal ezilula kunye nombala emhlophe ubuhle, ezithambileyo (ungagotywa ngezandla zakhe), ngayo udaba kakuhle, lo gama kwangaxeshanye ibingenamongo ngokwaneleyo. Kuyinto ngumbhexeshi ogqwesileyo bushushu kunye nombane. aluminium Pure isetyenziswa ngenkankulu, isicelo sayo kwenziwa ngohlobo aluminium ngobhedu, icarbon, inkcenkce, titanium, yemanganizi zinc. Kuba zombane kunye thermal conductivity aluminiyamu yesibini kuphela isilivere, nobhedu. Kwangaxeshanye, ubumdaka vanadium, chromium kunye manganese ukunciphisa le meko parameters.

Aluminium idityaniswe asidi kunye alkalis ukwenza kloride, sulfates, aluminates, kunye nezinye kusitsha. Xa umoya camera nangoko film metal oxide elikhusela ukusuka igcwala ngakumbi. Ingongoma ukunyibilika aluminium ngaphakathi degrees 660,1, intsimbi ekwimo etyhidiweyo iba castability elungileyo. Ngokuba lo wentsimbi luphawulwa ductility aphezulu, ukumelana abandayo, ukumelana umhlwa ngokuthi zakudibana namanzi Yek namnandi.

Iingcali ziye zaphawula ukuba nokumelana ixhomekeke ekuhlambululeni aluminiyam - eliphezulu oko kukuthi, kokukhona uxhathiso. nokumelana isizathu isenokuba umonakalo ephindwe ifilimu oxide. Ungqinile ukuba ukunyuka ubushushu aluminiyam yokunyibilika ngokwandayo linyulu. Ukuba castability kakhulu, metal ngexesha crystallization ibonelela shrinkage enkulu, le isalathisi kubalulekile eyimveliso ekubunjweni kwentlawulo metal.

Ingongoma ukunyibilika aluminiyam kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka ugqibe elubhorha. Iinkokeli imveliso aluminiyam njengangoku eRashiya, eUnited States ehlabathini, Canada, Australia. aluminiyamu usebenzisa uluhlu elikhulu ngokwaneleyo, ookhokho bethu ngohlobo iikhompawundi aluminiyamu (alum) yayisetyenziswa njengendawo astringent amayeza, kuba kunokutshiswa kwezikhumba ukudlulisa lokugcinwa kwezinto ipeyinti.

Ngokwaneleyo yokunyibilika eliphantsi iqondo lobushushu aluminiyam ukuba zinyibilike phantsi kweemeko bakudala.

Kwindalo, kwenzeka aluminiyamu oxide (corundum), lisetyenziswa njengento esirhabaxa, ezahlukeneyo - nesafire kunye isardiyo - kuba kudidi ngamatye anqabileyo. Ekubeni aluminium olusulungekileyo luncedo kangako kwizicelo zobugcisa, ngokufuthi lisetyenziswa njenge ekrwada ku tswala aluminium ezahlukeneyo izinto. Range aluminiyamu kumba kakhulu, oko rhoqo zihlaziywa (usebenzisa ubugcisa ezahlukeneyo).

Okwangoku, ezi aluminium yavelisa izikhongozelo ukutya, iinkonkxa, izinto zamakhitshi izinto ezahlukeneyo indlu. Kubalulekile abasebenzisi aluminiyamu ke, umbane, isixhobo, imichiza, ukuzithethelela, amashishini metallurgical jikelele. Ngeliphi lobushushu ukunyibilika-aluminiyamu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kusenziwa ezibandaknywayo ukuziphendulela, aerospace kunye namashishini yenyukliya.

Enye aluminium zixhaphakileyo ezingezo-ayoni na duralumin, bakhula yi injineli A. German uWilma kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Lokunyibilika duralumin malunga 650 degrees. Umongo fyabo sikuko ukuba ingxubevange aluminiyam-based emva kokuba unyango ubushushu uba amandla ephakamileyo, nobulukhuni. Oku kusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko yenziwe ziingcali kunye akabandulula neemfuno Aeronautics. Ingxubevange entsha ibe ngomnye izinto zolwakhiwo ayintloko moya.

Okwangoku, eli gama kwakuthetha duralumin iintlobo ngeentlobo ingxubevange aluminiyam ebonakala ngamandla aphezulu. Modern ngaphandle aluminiyamu zobhedu equlethe manganese, lesilicon, nemagnesium, njl, babesondela ukomelela yesinyithi esiphakathi. Namhlanje, le aluminium ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino moya lowo, ekwenziweni koololiwe-high speed kunye kwezinye kwezinye iimeko.