Nokuba isilwanyana ngxilimbela yabantu kunokwenzeka?

Kakhulu ukuba kunyuke izicamango ziphikisana entlokweni yakho, xa uqala ukucinga malunga ngokudalwa kwaqanjwa ngokuwela izilwanyana kunye neeseli zabantu. Kangangexesha elide izazinzulu ziye sidalwe ngeembumba iilebhu hybrid, oko konke kwenziwa ngenjongo unyango kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iintlobo ezininzi izifo. Nangona kunjalo, amalinge ezifana nendalo ukuya kude kakhulu. Ngaba kuya kuze wadala kwaqanjwa abantu kunye nezilwanyana? Yintoni endaweni asezikhundleni ehlabathini? Ezi ntlobo imiba zinxulumene ngqo isihloko ngxabano yenzululwazi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.

Kwaqanjwa emhlabeni izilwanyana

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza ibhastile nto izilwanyana nabantu? Abanye kungenzeka imifanekiso nangoko eyoyikekayo zabantu intloko ingwe yakhe, umsila intlanzi, umlomo loo ntaka, ingubo shaggy njalo njalo. Ngaba zesayensi iilebhu zabo ukwenza lula njengokuba umdlalo wevidiyo ukuguqulwa yemfuza? Kwihlabathi silwanyana umzekelo ngxilimbela interspecific yi imeyile, isiphumo zikhwela iimazi-esile kunye ihashe. Oku kunika umdla kakhulu isilwanyana esempilweni, nto leyo ke, uphulukene ukukwazi layo ukuze bazale yabo ngenxa yenani ezahlukeneyo zofuzo esile (62 zofuzo) kunye namahashe (64 zofuzo).

Phela, neemeyile hayi umzekelo kuphela ziyazalana. iintlobo ezininzi ezinxulumene unako naye ukuba yokuzala wawuqalekisa. Umzekelo, iingonyama kunye izingwe (ebizwa i amathole liger kubo), zebras kunye namahashe. Isihlobo osondele lomntu kubizwa ngokuba hlobo, kodwa ingcamango nje ukwenza ibhastile nto zabantu kunye nezilwanyana, eyile yabantu kunye nenkawu, ngokuhlanganisa genomes phantse akunakwenzeka.

Amajoni omzimba ligatya iiseli angaphandle

Uninzi imisebenzi kwenkqubo yabantu omzimba ngendlela yokuba iiseli nkqu omnye umntu musa yakuvuma ngempumelelo yi umzimba, umzekelo, ngexesha abohlukeneyo ngamalungu angaphakathi, singasathethi ke non-yabantu, iseli isilwanyana. Nayiphi awafuneki ziya nangoko elibhaqiweyo, kwaye kuya kulandelwa impendulo umzimba owomeleleyo - ukwaliwa.

Kuphela ukuze kuxhamle abantu

Izazinzulu inxaxheba kuphando lwemfuzo, akukho njongo ukudala yinyoka, apho abantu gqith kunye nezilwanyana - yinto eyoyikekayo, loyikekayo. Ukongeza, uluntu luya kuze ukuyamkela ingcamango nokudalwa naziphi eziguqulwe. Abanamdla ekwenzeni olu hlobo lwezinto, uphando iiseli stem kunye yitherapeutic therapeutic ziqhutywa kuphela imidla yabantu, kwaye ikakhulu nokunokujoliswa kwabo ekulweni izifo ezininzi ezinganyangekiyo.

Akukho ilula kangaka

Umntu unokucinga ukuba kwaqanjwa izilwanyana kunye nabantu (iifoto, ebonisa izimvo zazo zoluntu, 'yabona. Ngezantsi) nangoku kunokwenzeka, njengoko ikhowudi yezofuzo ye -DNA jikelele phantse zonke izinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, neprothini ukuba kuhlelwe phakathi kwiiseli ze njengehashe kanye ngendlela efanayo ebantwini. Nangona kunjalo, bonke akunjalo ilula: ukuzama ukwenza hybrid, kufuneka uye ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo omkhulu amaphutha, umbuzo ngulo, abantu abaninzi kufuneka kubingelela ukwenza, umzekelo, i intombi-ntlanzi yasentsomini. Oku kungathatha kakhulu elide kunokuba kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala.

It awunto ngokwentelekiso ukongeza yemfuza yabantu izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, yaye enye into - phezu koko. Kodwa ezinye izakhi ukumisela iproteni ethile kuphela, abanako ngomlingo kumila kumbi umzimba ibe yinto eyahlukileyo, umzekelo, gongqongqo chimeric. zofuzo ezithile benza kuphela inxalenye encinane thina aba, yaye ngubani na inja okanye jellyfish. Uhlobo ngamnye ixhomekeke ezahlukeneyo kaninzi efanayo kwamanye yemfuza ngasinye zipakishwe ngendlela iseti oluntsonkothileyo iiyunithi ezisebenzayo esenokuba yahluke gqitha ukusuka iintlobo ngabanye eziphilayo.

ngxilimbela Human-isilwanyana: igama sidalwa ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela isayensi?

Ukusuka apho umbono lwenzululwazi, lo mba kuqwalaselwa ngaphandle kwiimeko etsomo ne ngentsomi. Ebomini, ukudalwa izidalwa ezifana kwaqanjwa kwezilwanyana nabantu, esingunobangela iingxoxo zomthetho, yokuziphatha kunye nobuchwepheshe ngokomxholo kwimpumelelo zamvanje kwinkalo zobunjineli yemfuza. Ngaba kufuneka ukuba ukwenze konke konke? Ngaba mabanikezele ukwanelisa iminqweno yabantu self-nokuphucula? Ezo gqith yabantu-isilwanyana ekuthiwa "para-mntu." Kwakhona umalunga ngxilimbela cytoplasmic - cybrid.

Njengoko imizekelo interspecific hybrids ubuhlobo

ubuhlobo Interspecies ngezilwanyana, ngokunjalo phakathi kwabantu kunye izilwanyana zabo inikezela ingcambu olusisiseko ukuthandwa yazo izidalwa ezinjalo. Xa neentsomi awohlukeneyo imbali baninzi ibhastile ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kuquka njengenxalenye yaseYiputa Indian ngokomoya. Ngokutsho komnye wegcisa kunye nzulu Pietro Gaetto, "kwengcinga ibhastile nto zabantu-isilwanyana kusoloko imvelaphi yazo unqulo."

A hybrid abantu kunye nezilwanyana - kwiqumrhu ebandakanya amacandelo oluntu kunye nezilwanyana. Kangangamawaka eminyaka, ezi ngxilimbela ziye omnye imixholo ixhaphakileyo namabali yezilwanyana kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ukungabikho a discontinuity olomeleleyo phakathi komntu lwendalo eziliqela kwiinkcubeko zemveli kunye yamandulo zinika umxholo esisiseko yembali ukuthandwa iintsomi, apho abantu kunye nezilwanyana neentlobano ugalelwe ngenxa kuzo yona ibe yinto enye ngokupheleleyo.

ngxilimbela Human-isilwanyana - umlinganiswa elibuntsomi okanye eyenzekayo kunokwenzeka?

Okwangoku, kwaqanjwa kwezilwanyana nabantu , enyanisweni, abalinganiswa etsomo, ogama imifanekiso idla ngokusetyenziswa ivideo imidlalo kunye neebhanyabhanya yakusasa ezithandwayo kunye neencwadi. ibhastile ceba iindima ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka villains, amagorha njengesi yaphezulu. Ngokuphathelele iinkolelo bamandulo kunye neentsomi, uze ungakwazi ukufumana inani enkulu ibhastile nto, ezifana ne-Pan - uthixo kwiintsomi zamaGrike, ngubani sesona uhlobo zasendle yaye ongalawulekiyo, waqubuda abazingeli, abalobi kunye abelusi. Lo mlinganiswa obubi echwayitileyo uba ngemilenze kunye iimpuphu iimpondo lebhokhwe, kwaye abanye ngenkangeleko yakhe kakhulu ufana abantu. Enye hybrid wentsomi ezaziwayo-kakuhle uthixo saseYiputa, ukufa ogama Anubis.

Xa Kwiintsomi Chinese, isithixo ngegama Chu Pa-Tse ngenxa yobubi ababebenzile, kunye nezenzo iziyolo bagxothwa evela ezulwini. Ngempazamo, yena ungena isibeleko yehagu kunye nesiqingatha ekugqibeleni wazalwa umntu, isiqingatha ihagu, kunye nentloko neendlebe ihagu xa kubanjiswene ne emzimbeni womntu. Ndandisithi engaphakathi le gqith wentsomi ayitshintshi kuba ngcono.

Emva kokuba ubulala kwaye utyela unina wakhe nabantakwabo, gongqongqo kweeHagu ifumana indawo yokusabela ezintabeni, apho echitha iintsuku zayo zokuzingela abahambi bangalumkanga abangekho unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba ihambe ngendlela yayo. Noko ke, ngenxa imigudu yesithixokazi elungileyo Guan Yin, uhambo ukuya eTshayina, wamcenga ukuba lenze indlela entle kwaye ukuba amiselwe abe ngumbingeleli.

Amalinge ukudala iimbumba hybrid

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukudala hybrid umntu nenkomo kulo? Umbungu hybrid ngumxube izihlunu kunye nezilwanyana. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi iimbumba hybrid, umz, imibungu cytoplasmic zenzelwe ngokudlulisela nuclei eziqulathe DNA ngeeseli zabantu, iqanda isilwanyana onolwazi isusiwe ngaphambili yemfuza yakhe. Imibungu ezilinywa kwilebhu iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngoko uza ukudala iiseli stem. Le yokugqibela babe iindidi ezithile kwithishyu.

Le ndlela yokudala stem cell isetyenziselwa izifundo zezifo ezahlukeneyo kwaye igqalwa okunye okuhle amaqanda zabantu ezizizo, ziyafumaneka umlinganiselo othile, ngokwahlukileyo kwizilwanyana. Izazinzulu awufuni uyidala i hybrid ngabantu-isilwanyana, isidalwa ekwaziyo ubomi elizimeleyo.

Imingcipheko ngokuxuba impahla yofuzo

Ukuxutywa genetic material abantu kunye nezilwanyana kungabangela umngcipheko yokudala izifo ezintsha, kodwa inkqubela kulo mmandla kuba yinzuzo enkulu kuluntu ngendlela lwehlabathi. Izazinzulu zithi oku nje iseli, kunokuba into yokwenene. Oku kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwamaqanda yabantu zophando. Igalelo zofuzo encinane kakhulu ukuba umbungu isilwanyana oko kubaluleke umbungu (99,9%). Ekubeni yokugqibela angabhalwanga eveliswe ngoncedo kwezichumiso yabantu, mayingabi sakhululwa kuthathwa njengomntu.

kwamalungelo oluntu kunye zezilwanyana umthetho, ekubeni mveku akayi kuvunyelwa ukuba umntu okanye isilwanyana yabantu. Zebhayoloji ababandakanyekayo ngokuxuba le DNA kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ukuya 70, kodwa ingcamango yokuqalisa genes zezilwanyana yokutsalela abantu ndlela aluvumelekanga. Kwaye ke aphikisana nale nezithintelo unakho, ekugqibeleni, hayi kuphela ukugcina uluntu evela kwinani elikhulu zezifo, kodwa bohluke kuzo ukutshintsha imbono yethu yonke.

Transgenesis uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ezininzi iiseli ngamnye kwaye yonke eziphilayo. ngxilimbela Human-isilwanyana (ebizwa ngokuba "chimera" lalisetyenziswa kwiintsomi zamaGrike), nezaziwa wemvelo transgenic, nto elizayo ingasetyenziswa xa umzekelo izifo ezithile zabantu, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, amalaphu aqhelekileyo kunye nangaphezulu. Malunga neminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo, iingcali baye bafunda ukuba ukuthutha kwaye ukuba ukuguqula imizila yemfuza yezityalo nezilwanyana. Kude kube ngoku, umbuzo ihlala ukusetyenziswa impikiswano kwezinto kwabantu, ingakumbi, ngezizathu yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko.