Black bear: inkcazelo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nesondlo

Ukusuka kudaladala, umntu inkululeko ethile zasendle aura ekhethekileyo imfihlelo. Phakathi kwazo kukho amnyama, na uhlobo kakhulu. Imbali yawo uhamba emva kweminyaka ngaphezu kwesigidi.

ukubonakala

Le bear ngamagama ezininzi ezahlukeneyo - Asia, omnyama, eTibet, yaye yaziwa ngokuba zeHimalaya. somzimba wakhe kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka kwamanye amalungu entsapho ibhere. Kodwa iimviwo kufutshane, ungabona iimpawu ezizodwa kule iintlobo.

Ngobukhulu black bear brown kakhulu ngaphantsi izalamane zabo. nhloko ukufikelela ubude hayi ngaphezulu kwe-170 cm kunye nobunzima babo iyahluka ukusuka kg 110 ukuya 150. Yakha lula, ngoko ke amabhere mobile ngakumbi kwaye zikhululekile. iindlebe ezinkulu ajikelezayo, ibekwe entloko elincinane ngokwentelekiso, ukunika isilwanyana ukubonakala olwahlukileyo. Uboya shiny kunye silky entle intlaka omnyama-bala ukwenza uhlobo entanyeni Nape. uphawu White phezu kwesifuba kwi ngohlobo iceba - umqondiso okhethekileyo eyahlukileyo lebhere, ngenxa apho got igama layo. okulindeleke kwi-avareji ingaphantsi kwe-14. Inyama yezi zilwanyana uxatyiswa kakhulu, oko kukuthi abazingeli umdla omkhulu. Esi sesinye sezizathu ukuba namhlanje amnyama adweliswe kwi- Red Book of Russia.

ezihlala

ibhere zaseAsiya abamnyama ahlale kwimimandla weentaba Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan eJapan Korea. ERashiya, ephila becala kwi Primorsky kunye iyavuma Territory. Kwakhona ifumaneka kumantla Vietnam kunye kwisiqithi Taiwan.

Le bhere uncamela ukuhlala kumahlathi ompayina oki iziqhamo ngokuzala, apho adibana Anut Manchurian, Linden, oki Mongolian. Kuphephe nespruce-fir hlathi, amahlathi ezinde etyholweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amnyama zihlala ummandla ehlathini ibekwe ecaleni ezihlanjeni komlambo, ezintabeni, ukuphakama ongadluli kweemitha 700-800. Kanye iindawo kugcwele amahlathi avuthulukayo. Xa malayas, ukuba inokufumaneka ehlotyeni kwaye ezinobude-4 km, ebusika luthwala phantsi ngokubanzi emazantsi eentaba. kwendawo ezikhethelwe amnyama ukushiya isithuba kuphela kwiimeko apho kukho iingxaki ngokutya.

indlela yokuphila

Uninzi ubomi bakhe sisilwanyana ichitha emithini, ukufumana ukutya apho ukubaleka ezintshabeni.

Ngoko Whitechest (zeHimalaya) inophawu imithi ezinkulu ekhwela, eyenza ibe ubuphothophotho enkulu sesikhulile. Ixesha yokwehla, nkqu umthi omde kakhulu kuthatha ngaphantsi kwe imizuzwana-3.

Den naye amalungiselelo emthini, ukukhetha le usikrobana enzulu enkulu nomphakamo ongekho ngaphantsi kwe ezisibhozo kweemitha, okanye ukusebenzisa umthi endala kunye ezingundoqo engenanto (ezisemanzi zepampiri, basswood nemisedare). It lodaka, ixabiso efunekayo kuphuhlisa umngxuma ubungakanani isithuba ngaphakathi emthini. Le den of bear ngamnye namnye. Kwimeko apho ingozi kusoloko icebo, apho inokuzimela khona. Xa sizifihla emngxunyeni amnyama iya kuchitha iinyanga malunga 5 - ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kuMatshi, maxa wambi eshiya den de Epreli.

Ezi zizilwanyana ayefuna ukuba yedwa. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba kwiindawo apho kukho okuninzi ukutya, kukho abantu abambalwa nga ndawonye. Kulo mzekelo yabasemagunyeni ngokuthe ngqo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubudala kunye ubunzima eyindoda. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa kuqala zikhwelwe.

Ubudlelwane kunye neminye Ivelisa nganye nokwakha usebenzisa ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlela yokuma ukubonisa isimo sabo. Ukuba isilwanyana ahlale okanye alale phantsi - ngendlela ethile ukuzithoba. Le nto inye uya umva. Le bhere ephezulu kusoloko lisondela imbangi yakhe.

Le ndawo kuhlala amnyama, kuphela ukuba ngabamakishi wokuchama ukuba amadoda eziphawula imida nezinto zabo. Ukongeza, ukuba bawahlikihle umva komboko zemithi, eshiya ukuba ivumba lazo.

ukudla

Ekudleni yezi zilwanyana kuba kakhulu ukutya zezityalo, ngoko entwasahlobo kubo - ixesha zinzima. Phambi kuvela uhlaza eninzi, izityalo, namaqhina zikwixesha ukutya, yokutyiwa kwaloo imbewu kunyaka ophelileyo kunye namandongomane, iingcambu kunye neebhalbhu ukuba kufuneka ukwemba ngaphandle komhlaba.

Xa kwehlobo, xa wokuqala omnyama bhere ingca ezantsi entilini, besidla amahlumelo abaselula Angelica, sedges kunye umboniso wesiqhelo. Ungaphoswa kwakhona ithuba ukutya amaqanda amantshontsho. Xa raspberry zivuthiwe, currant, icherry, neenkozo pine, ukuba ukutya siphambili weebhere. lula Nkqu nezilwanyana ezindala kakhulu nokukhwela imithi zikhangela ukutya. Ngelo xesha nye siyicacisa ngokucacileyyo umdla. Oblomov yaye ndakha sprig iziqhamo, ibhere slips phantsi kwakhe, ukuze emva komzuzwana ngaphantsi oko wambumba into njengendlu yentaka. Kuyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ixesha elide kakhulu, udle ukhululeke.

Kanye njengokuba abazala mdaka, amnyama - abathandi nobusi enkulu. Ngokuba kuye bakulungele ekhwela nayiphi na ubude, nkqu uwaqobe eludongeni echumayo yehlathi, apho iinyosi zasendle ilungiswe.

Kunyaka omhle ukuqokelelela asemzimbeni wobuthwala kuphela amandongomane ngokwaneleyo kunye imbewu. iiveki ezintandathu yokutyisa ubunzima amanqatha loovimba olungileyo omdala idla ukuya kwi-30% kobunzima bomzimba.

Ekusasazeni kunye nokuveliswa wenzala

Ngokwesini bear yobudala oqolileyo ukufikelela kwiminyaka 3-4. Lokuphathana kwempahla emfutshane ithatha kalukhuni ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti, wegqitha kunokuba cwaka. Emva kweenyanga 7, ebusika, imazi ozelwe ikwazi-1 okanye ezi-2 kunye neemfama phantse Lithole ze. ubunzima babo ayidluli kwiiveki 800 ezintandathu kamva abantwana lulungiselelwe kolu fuzz lokuqala ongwevu, leyo kungekudala unika indlela eya iinwele ezimnyama. Kokuba sele ukubona kakuhle kwaye uve, ungahambisa ngeenxa zonke emhadini.

Nokufika entlakohlaza, xa wamisela esisigxina bear ubushushu olulungileyo kunye nomama wakhe ushiye emngxunyeni. Ngeli xesha ubunzima bazo banda izihlandlo ezi-5. Iphila ubisi becala lwebele, kodwa nokufika ingca eluhlaza kuzinambuzane phezu emadlelweni, leyo baninzi ngakumbi ezintlanjeni emlanjeni. Emva wehla kunye nonina bear yakhe encinane emnyama, kuhlala de ekwindla.

zasebusika Okulandelayo bachitha kunye emhadini, yaye ekwindla sele ukuqala ubomi elizimeleyo.

ngokunciphisa izinto

yokungenelela kwabantu ngaphandle kwemvume zibangela umonakalo omkhulu labemi weebhere. Abantu bendawo kunqabile ukuthobela imithetho on kuzingela, ukudubula izilwanyana ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, rhoqo emva zokulala kwabo silele, nangona into yokuba ibhere abamnyama kwi Red Book of Russia.

Enye into negalelo kukwehla kwenani kwezi zilwanyana, a kwamahlathi lokuloba, imililo. Abazingeli ukufuna ixhoba besika imingxuma imithi ezibuhlazarha, yaye ngoko ke ayikufanelanga ukuba weebhere. Konke oku nobeka izilwanyana iimeko elikhuselekileyo sokuHayibhaneyitha. Kuyenzeka ukuba kuyanyanzeleka ukuba achithe ubusika phezu komhlaba.

Ukunqongophala yindawo ekhuselekileyo kukhokelela ekwandeni ekufeni weebhere ezidla. Bona banakho ukuhlasela ingwe, ibhere emdaka, yaye abantwana basoloko ngamaxhoba ingcuka lynx.

imizamo yokhuselo

Emva kokuba amnyama idweliswe njengoko sengozini, ndizingela Akuvunyelwe ngokupheleleyo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa nokulondolozwa zokuhlala ephambili yale ntlobo, kwaye ulawulo olungqongqo ukupheliswa yokutshatyalaliswa zokufihla intloko yayo. Ukugcina yabemi zeHimalaya nebhere ngqo kwaye luqiniswe umlo kunye kweengcuka. Ukuze ukubuyisela inani lwezi izilwanyana zasendle kunye zolondolozo lwendalo kunye neemeko zokuhlala kakuhle kubo. Apiary, nto leyo edla ezityelelwe amabhere, baxhotyiswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo deterrent.

ibhere zeHimalaya kunye nomntu

Oku nimble, nangona imbonakalo yayo ngathi akukho yakhe, yaye zobuntlola sele itsale elide isilwanyana yabantu. On le nto ndiyibhalayo amabali amaninzi namabali. Amandla amnyama kulula ukuziqhelanisa nasekuthinjweni, oko kwakhokelela ukuba amanye amalungu ale iintlobo baye beqonga isekisi lokwenyaniso. Bona baqeqeshwe kakuhle namacebo trainable.

mmi abasisigxina ezu, ebangela eninzi ngovelwano abaphulaphuli, ibhere emnyama. incwadi oluBomvu, lona wenza ezi zilwanyana, imphathe ukuba kudidi abasesichengeni, kwaye ukufakwa kwisihlomelo 1 CITES kuthintelwe intshukumo ye elihambisana ukulungiselela iinjongo zorhwebo.

Sekunjalo ziqulathe zeHimalaya amabhere nzima entolongweni. Ukuze kubuyela kubo ukuthi ilizwe lokuzalwa, kwi Primorsky Krai Rehabilitation Centre yadalwa, apho izilwanyana baqeqeshelwa ukuba aphile endle.