Carl von Clausewitz: izibakala ukusuka ngobomi, imisebenzi, kuchaphulo olu

Umsebenzi edume a jikelele Prussia ogama Carl von Clausewitz yaziwa ukuba wonke umntu ofundileyo - ". Kwi War" ama Nangona isibakala sokuba iingxelo ze Clausewitz na, bambalwa kakhulu abantu ukuyo ongafunda lo msebenzi iphepha-700, wazibhukuqa ingcamango abonane yasemkhosini.

curriculum vitae

Carl von Clausewitz wayevela kwintsapho amanene yezikhulu. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni ngo-1792. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, waba iziqu Berlin Military Academy. ke Clausewitz Kucelwa isithuba mkhosi, ngoko waqalisa ukukhonza kwinkundla Prince Agasti ka-Prussia. zomkhosi Young eyayibandakanyekile ekuchaseni Prussia kunye neFransi, abeza kwiminyaka 1806-1807. Xa woyiswa Prussia, uCarl von Clausewitz yathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso nguqulelo ezinxulumene umkhosi. Ngeli xesha waqala ukufundisa esikolweni nokubhala iphepha yophando lokuqala - ". Basic Principles of War"

Kungekudala, eYurophu ndaqonda ukuba akunakuphepheka impixwano phakathi Russia, France. Clausewitz wagqiba ukuza eRashiya ukuqalisa inkonzo yomkhosi Russian, apho walwa kulo lonke imfazwe phantsi kobunkokheli General P. P. Palena. Clausewitz inxaxheba Idabi Borodino.

Qala izifundo theoretical

Ukuqala kunye enye ingcali yale 1818 zomkhosi wasebenza njengoko ngumlawuli yesikolo emkhosini eBerlin. Kwangaxeshanye, nguye kokufundisisa ngokucokisekileyo yeengcingane imicimbi zomkhosi. izimpi kwama-130 kwaye ungquzulwano - yiloo isixa osuswe lufundwa ngelixa Carl von Clausewitz.

"On War" - lo msebenzi ngokubanzi umphathi, kodwa ukongeza kulo msebenzi, wabhala iqela lezifundo. Xa umsebenzi wakhe amadlozi, Clausewitz kuvavanywa ingqiqo ezifana injongo kwemfazwe, umxholo wayo, iindlela woloyiso kunye bengaphumelelanga. Clausewitz lo ngumphandi yokuqala, arhola ingqalelo into yokuziphatha emfazweni.

Yaba Carl von Clausewitz laqalisa into enjalo njenge "usebenze kanzima". Eli binzana bayayiqonda chain theoretical component amadabi kunye neentshukumo impi zokuqonda i-ngenjongo ethile. Clausewitz akwazi ukungqina ukuba ngamaxesha imfazwe alinakuze imfazwe - impikiswano exhobileyo phakathi imikhosi ephikisanayo. Iintlobo lamaqhinga ngqwayi kanye uhamba yamacebo okulwa nga kuphela ingaphantsi kuchaphazela isiphumo yonke imfazwe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni emiselwe yi intsalela bomkhosi.

"On War" - umsebenzi ongundoqo General enkulu

umsebenzi Clausewitz olungundoqo yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe (umthetheli wafa ikholera). Eyokuqala imbali "Kwi iMfazwe", eyapapashwa ngo-1832, luphononongo ezingaphelelanga. Ngexesha ubomi jikelele walitshintsha ezinye izimvo, kodwa ukutshintsha umsebenzi yaye akazange abe nexesha.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Njengomhlaziyi oyintloko, lanempembelelo inqubo yabaphathi ezininzi yombutho ekuqa- XIX - kwiinkulungwane XX - yi Carl von Clausewitz. Iincwadi ukuba ubhale ukongeza kumsebenzi wakhe eziphambili - yi "Principles of War", "Eli phulo Italian of UNapoleon Bonaparte," "Ingcinga waseJamani emkhosini". Sebenza kule sifundo ezinkulu - "On War" - Clausewitz waqhubeka ubomi bakhe.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe, umphathi-mkhosi unomdla ukungqubana becala abaxhobileyo kwinkulungwane edlulileyo enesiqingatha. Ukuba nako ukubonisa ukungaphumeleli iimfazwe lwekhabhinethi kuthiwa-ezenzeka kwi XVII - kwiinkulungwane XVIII. Yomzabalazo, waba nako ukulwa ukudliwa umbane uNapoleon. Injongo sabo kwakungekho nokufa yotshaba, kunye ukuzohlwaya kwakhe ngokukhawuleza. Eyona njongo iphambili umsebenzi wakhe 'On War "Clausewitz wabona ukuxelwa iimfihlakalo fastest loyiso uNapoleon kaThixo.

sengqondo Clausewitz ukuba iRussia

Ngoxa uBukhosi Russian, Clausewitz waba nako nokuba ukuthanda abantu Russian, ukuba ukufunda ulwimi Russian - ngokungafaniyo compatriot yakhe uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Ngaphandle koku, izifundo zakhe theoretical kuBukhosi Russian ixesha elide wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kunokuba in Germany wakhe. Umfanekiso yale jikelele wasetyenziswa inoveli Leo Tolstoy kaThixo odumileyo "War Noxolo". Kodwa kukho abo amajoni, apho Clausewitz yaba emxinwa-nye German, ukusuka apho nekungenakwenzeka ukuba bafumane ulwazi olutsha kuphela.

Carl von Clausewitz: ucaphulo, kufuneka nje kuphela ukulwa

Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba izimvo ze Clausewitz zisebenza kuphela kwimicimbi yasemkhosini kodwa kwiindawo ezifana ukuthengisa, imfazwe lophawu, izidubedube zezopolitiko. "Injongo yale mfazwe iya uxolo azuzwe phantsi ezo banenxaxheba kule winner" - yenye amagatya eziphambili Clausewitz, enokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo, ukongeza kwimicimbi yasemkhosini.

Clausewitz wazikhaba wenqaba ngelo xesha abantu bacinga ukuba ukuvakalisa umbhali yasemkhosini Genrih Zhomini, imicimbi zomkhosi azezi postulates theoretical kunye neefomula. "Usukelo lotshaba, - wabhala Carl von Clausewitz - na isenzo yesibini koyisa, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kubaluleke ngaphezu winile ezininzi" Into engundoqo ngempumelelo nayiphi ingozi kunye nokudideka Clausewitz ingqalelo icandelo yokuziphatha - .. I amandla omoya "Ngaphandle isibindi noyinkokheli lee ... "- waphawula kwiincwadi zakhe ngqwayi.

Clausewitz walumkisa: "Abantu andikhumbuli zelixa elidluleyo ukuphinda kuyo." Imfazwe, wayekholelwa umphathi-mkhosi, ayikho nje ingxabano phakathi imikhosi ephikisanayo - ngokwako kuyinto iingxwaba-nkqubo.

Emva kokuba umsebenzi "Kwi War" yaba Umqulu kwi ingcali yale ngoko eyaziwa-mkhosi uHelmut von Moltke, Clausewitz waba umbhali idumileyo eYurophu. Abaninzi iinkokeli abadumileyo wamajoni sikhokelwa imisebenzi yakhe.