Caryatid - into zokwakha, okuyinto ethandwa ngayo nayiphi na indlela

Caryatid - ligama iikholam zobugcisa, wathabatha uhlobo ngokomzekeliso obhinqileyo. Owona mzekelo idumileyo ingafunyanwa kwi kwiveranda ngezantsi etempileni Erechtheion on the Acropolis eAthens.

legends yamandulo

Xa isiko "caryatid" zamaGrike - intombi ka Caria, edumileyo itempile iPeloponnese. Brown kwanikezelwa yesithixokazi uArtemis. Njengoko Caryatids, yena nemihlali, umxhentso phakathi kwemithi Anut kwisixeko Caria. Ngelo xesha, intombi le e an umdaniso yimincili baqhubeka iintloko zabo ezingobozini iingcongolo cut esandula ngayo. Bona echaza izityalo danisa.

umyili Roman Vitruvius kulindeleke ukuba caryatid - kwekhoboka. Vitruvius wabona indlela asetyenziswe njengoko kwiintsika kwi Ionic bokwakha. Kodwa caryatid - kuba savela column wasePersi. AmaPersi, nangona, zasetyenziswa ukuxhasa izakhiwo isilwanyana.

Erechtheion

Amathandathu caryatids idumileyo oluxhasa eluphahleni ivaranda ngasezantsi Erechtheion lobuxoki kwi Athene Acropolis. Esi sakhiwo yakhiwa Pericles yezizathu phakathi kwiminyaka 421-406 BC. e. indawo yamandulo Umfanekiso zonqulo ngamaplanga eAthene. Wakhonza kwakhona njengeziko sonqulo of Erechtheus (ukumkani bangafi eAtene) kunye nabazalwana bakhe, kuquka Poseidon. Ezi mpahla caryatids na uhlobo emanzi kunye malunamathele izidumbu. Izibonelelo imilenze kunye kwamathanga ngqindilili kunye neguquguqukayo. Ezintathu kubo ungqiyame umzimba kwi unyawo ngasekunene, nomnye - ngasekhohlo. Alungise nayo ibalulekile. Zinzima kwaye enkulu, eziyilelwe ukwandisa indawo kakhulu engakhuselekanga - amaqhosha entanyeni, nto leyo lehla umthwalo omkhulu. Izandla imifanekiso, ngelishwa, iye yalahleka. Ngokusinda iikopi amaRoma kunokubonwa ukuba isandla sasekunene ephethe neempahla ezincinane nethululwayo, nangasekhohlo ziyaxhaswa yaye bakhulise iingubo zabo kancinane. Kuthathwa ukuba wayaphula abakroli ezahlukeneyo workshop Alcamo, umfundi ka Phidias. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le ivaranda limi phezu Lingcwaba Cecrops bangafi ukumkani. Ukwakhiwa caryatids, usenokuba irhafu kwinkumbulo yakhe. Ngoku izinyathelo iikopi zabo. caryatids yokuqala emihlanu abakulo i Acropolis Museum, apho ingabonwa ezivela macala onke, kwaye lwesithupha - British Museum eLondon. Eshwankathela uhambo Ukutyhubela imbali, ukuba uthi caryatid - efunekayo zokuhombisa kwi sokuyilwa lwemihlathi, nto leyo inokuba umsebenzi ukuzala.

Renaissance nangaphaya

Ngeli xesha baqalisa ukusebenzisa kwi ngaphakathi kwi kulwakhiwo maziko. Kweli xesha ezimbejembeje ukuba kuvela eScotland njenge overmantel kwi kwiholo enkulu nqaba eMitchells. Kule caryatids emva kwexesha German ezimbejembeje ibekwe kwi enqabeni Sanssouci Frederick Enkulu kwi Schloss. Mfanekiso enxibe abafazi nabo baqalisa ukuba zisetyenziswe imilenze iitafile, ezishelifini kunye zezibane.

style Empire waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe element zokuhombisa. ukuyila le womzobi laqhuba ukuba kweso ingcamango umfazi omhle lowo isethi isibhakabhaka.

Ngowe-1881, Ogyust Roden ilitye ngumthi ochweliweyo Ziwe phantsi caryatids figure ubunzima. Wabona kuphela njengomthwalo onzima kuba intombazana, nto leyo usazama ukuba up.

caryatids umfuziselo Male

Uye amagama ezimbini: Telamon Atlanta. Igama lokuqala, igama ngqo, elithetha "support" okanye "support". Yaba unyana bangafi Aeacus kunye Aeneid. Waba ngukumkani eSalami. Le mbaleki wayehleli amaphini xa Argonauts balandela eboyeni, yena inxaxheba Calydonian bazingela yasendle, ukuba ngokuhlukumeza ebumelwaneni, nto leyo eye waphumelela Theseus.

Atlant efanayo - oko Titan esithe nkqi, lowo uzibambileyo emagxeni akhe kumagumbi angaphantsi ezulu. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umthwalo onjalo kuye? Nokuba oko ibinzima ngayo, isibindi nomonde makaqhubeke naye. Kwiintsomi zamaGrike, oko lwajika lwaba ngamatye okanye eweni.

Umfanekiso ngeziBini

Atlanta kunye caryatids banxibe lwefacade lwezakhiwo, inkxaso balcony, kwanokufezekisa umsebenzi kubuhle. Ingakumbi entle Atlanteans ukuxhasa nesezindlu i Hermitage New eSt Petersburg. Ekuqaleni, ngokutsho wezakhiwo L. Klenze, kwafuneka ukugcina caryatids. Kodwa enqaba le projekthi, kunye neminyaka esibhozo kamva, ngowe-1848, AI Terebenev wadala nemifanekiso ezilishumi Atlantis lenyengane emnyama geni kumgodi kwi Lake Ladoga. Zime phezu kwamanqwanqwa eyenziwe Karelian umxhesho ontlakantlaka-olungisiweyo zakhiwe. Umsebenzi phezu eqingqiweyo waba iminyaka emibini. UMkroli processing ephambili ilitye kuthatha malunga enye anamashumi mahlanu neengcibi. Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo iye yabangela nokunconywa jikelele. Atlanta kunye caryatids ezi uphawu isimbo yamandulo. umahluko Common kukuba Atlanteans ezixhasa izandla entablature kunye caryatids ethwele naye entloko. Ukucacisa imbono "entablature".

Architecture: Elements of izakhiwo

Igama French "entablature" ithetha isilingi ezenziwe ngamaplanga. Le ibandakanya, iyimithi; owawukuDonga kunye lwesakhiwo. Bokwakha, lo, iyimithi uye iintsingiselo ezimbini:

• a esime, nto leyo ibekwe phakathi njengemiqulu imingxunyana okanye iifestile, kunjalo phezulu;
• Le umqadi efanayo, leyo ilele phezu iingqukuva iikholam, ihonjiswe kunye nemiyalelo eyahlukeneyo, okt amanani eziphefumlelweyo.

ukusetyenziswa Modern of caryatids

AmaGrike aphefumlelwa ukudala caryatids amantombazane Kariya. Ovethe iingubo, imifanekiso yabo baqhubeka yokwakha. Eli siko uyaqhubeka. Kodwa ke kaninzi, umi kwinqanaba sokuyilwa ngenkulungwane, endaweni marble okanye ilitye kusetyenziswa steklokompozit eziphathekayo. Endlini sisebenzisa iinkuni okanye udongwe.

Ngale mini, kwaye Atlanteans kunye caryatids ezifunwayo bokwakha mihla. Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Renaissance - ukuba kunokwenzeka yonke. Umda isimbo yabo madolw 'anzima. Ingcamango umzobi, osebenzisa kubo, ayikho lavalwa, yaye isenza bakhuthazwa isiko kokudlula yeminyaka.