Temple Erechtheion e Athens: kwimbali, iintsomi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

ilitye ngamnye enelanga Greece ukutshela ibali yakho ngumphulaphuli akanankathalo. Iintsomi, amabali kunye namaqhawe ngokuqinileyo ezazimanyene kweli lizwe yamandulo lihle.

Ikomkhulu Greece

Abakhenkethi abatyelela Greece, musa ukuyishiya ngaphandle ingqalelo kwinkunzi yayo ezintle - Athens. Isixeko samandulo ngobambana ebuhleni zalo, iilwandle entle emhlophe isanti kunye ezikhumbuzo, iyileyo ukufunda esikolweni.

Le dolophu, ogama emva isithixokazi ubulumko Athena, ngokuzingca bayithwala kwebhanile wokukhanya nobulungisa kuphela amaGrike, kodwa kuzo zonke izizwe lweMeditera. Athene kwimbali yayo emide wayesazi ixesha shame ukutshatyalaliswa ukwehla nendyebo ibonwe. Kubonakala ukuba uthixokazi yena ukubukelwa yena kunye nexesha ngasinye waphakamisa ngenyameko emathangeni akhe. Abaninzi bakholelwa uphawu Athens inkcubeko yamaGrike, ingoma yakhe.

Athens yanamhlanje

Abakhenkethi bathi Athens ikwazile ukudibanisa olona impucuko mihla kunye nelifa lemveli lenkcubeko wooyise. Ubomi sixeko kunye ephefumlayo ku nzulu. Ngomhla inxalenye eAthene na isixeko mihla ngokupheleleyo. Highway, zokudla, iindawo zokutyela, nemivalo kunye disco. It has konke captivate abakhenkethi. Kodwa ukuba unomdla yimbali okuncinane umzi, ukupha avule uvimba wakhe kuwe.

Athens ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Athens ngaphandle kwesizathu abanekratshi imbali yawo. Iintlobo, indawo aloo mzi, kunokuba ongapheliyo. Acropolis yase ithathwa igugu lokwenyaniso. Amashumi amabini anesihlanu eminyaka yembali esi sakhiwo onobungangamsha wavula amehlo abakhenkethi ukwazi.

Acropolis

Agora - lesikhumbuzo rastirazhirovanny kwimbali Greece. Amandla akhe isaqhwithi abantu ukuya ngoku. Masithi lo isakhiwo omkhulu akhawulwe, yaza yakhiwa ezandleni zabantu abaqhelekileyo, kuba nzima. Nangona amaGrike engazange abonwa njengabantu abaqhelekileyo. Wonke umntu uya kukuxelela ilivo kobudlelwane kunye noothixo. Ngoku lo lesikhumbuzo idweliswe njenge UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Agora ngokwayo omi phezu kwentaba, okuphakama yenye elinamanci mahlanu amathandathu eemitha. Ngelishwa, siye basinda ayizizo zonke izakhiwo zalo yaye neetempile yamandulo. Kodwa ezikhumbuzo Waze walondoloza ukunika ingcinga yokuba ubuhle nanto kule ndawo.

Namhlanje ungabona nje ezimbalwa yelifa lenkcubeko yamaGrike. Ekungeneni uya kudibana isango Propylaea iyingangamsha. Ngomhla kwamaxandeka Acropolis ungabona yeqonga ezimbini esidala ubudala. YiParthenon etempileni, azinikele umxhasi aseAthene, sinamandla kwakhokelela ekubeni intliziyo abefundisi iyangongoza isithixokazi. Umhombiso iphambili Acropolis yayiyitempile Erechtheion. Ababhali-mbali kunye abembi nangoku bakugqala litye lesikhumbuzo kakhulu ezimangalisayo kunye nontrivial of Greece yamandulo.

Yintoni Erechtheion?

Lo mbuzo idla wabuza abakhenkethi kunye nabahlali nomzi uphela uyazi kakuhle impendulo. itempile Erechtheion yi fusion emangalisayo zamahlelo ezininzi zamaGrike. Ngokutsho amanqaku ngembali, amaGrike wakha iitempile zabo ezingcwele ngenxa omnye engumfuziselo yonk 'into ekuthiwa sisithixo. Eyona amoyika ezi Athena kunye kuZeyus. Imbeko yazo yakhiwe iitempile omkhulu, yabamba imingcelele bala kunye nemibhiyozo.

nabayili yamandulo, bedala Acropolis, itempile Erechtheion wenza ubutyebi bakhe zexabiso. Nangoku, yena ezona abalondolozwa bonke iyilwe endulini. ixabiso layo izazi ukuba itempile Erechtheion akazange kwakuthetha ukuba batyelele abantu abaqhelekileyo. Ilungelo lokungena kwakukho abefundisi kuphela, kodwa ngaphakathi etempileni ezingcwele ezintathu azinikele Athena, Poseidon ukumkani Erechtheus.

Erechtheion: Inkcazo wetempile

Ukudibanisa namahlelo eziliqela labeka esisodwa itempile ngohlobo lwayo. Ngaphambi kokuba amaGrike akazange ukwakha izakhiwo omkhulukazi ezinjalo.

Nakhelwe phezu kwisiza wengcwele ngaphambili omnye etempileni, ngaphambi kokusekwa luyatshatyalaliswa ize itshiswe namaPersi ngexesha iimfazwe lwamaGrike-Persian. Ngokomyalelo Pericles enkulu kule sayithi siye sabeka isiseko tempile entsha. Ukwakhiwa eyiyo yaqala emva kokufa Pericles ', yaye ngokutsho kwezinye ubukho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu. Umakhi ibandla uthathwa ukuba Mnesikles Greek. Nangona mbali akakwazi ukuza uluvo ngamxhelo kulo mbandela. Umakhi kwafuneka ukubonisa zonke iitalente zabo ukuba bayile kwaye ukwakha ezi ngcinga bokwakha.

Umhlaba kuyo itempile Erechtheion, kunye umahluko omkhulu kwizinto ukuphakama. Ngoko ke, ubume kwaye ibekwe kumanqanaba eziliqela. Le ukufunyanwa luli Mnesikles ingena ngokugqibeleleyo nomba tempile - ulungiselelo zamahlelo enkolo eziliqela.

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa amaGrike basebenzisa emarmore emhlophe njengekhephu-ezimhlophe kwaye kumnyama penteleysky owawukuDonga ilitye uhombiso. Ukukhanya iyadanyaza kakuhle kakhulu amazing nangokukrola marble olungqonge olungaphambili itempile. Umakhi wasebenzisa izisombululo entsha ngokupheleleyo netempile colonnaded. Ngenxa yesithethe, kwiitempile zamaGrike zazihonjiswe macala onke kwimiqolo emikhulu. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa Erechtheion kweli siko lingashukumi. Kuye engqongwe macala omathathu porticos ezintle, ngalunye ukusuka kwenye ukuze isimbo kunye nobukhulu. Ezinye izazinzulu ziye zacebisa ukuba kwakukho nesezindlu yesine. Kodwa ke ubungqina bokuba abembi asinakufumana.

Kwakubonakala ngathi indlu?

Ngoku kunzima ukucinga ngayo itempile wakhangela emva kwangoko emva zokwakha. Nangona mbali anegunya bathi itempile Erechtheion zange yagqitywa nezesayensi. Bakholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokwakha isicwangciso sokuqala watshintsha kwaye lula izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngenxa elide Peloponnesian War, amaGrike Babengxamile ukuze sigqibezele ukwakhiwa kwiindawo imali eninzi kwaye washiywa zengcwele kwi rough. Nangona ezi assumptions, bexesha bethu bakwazile ukwenza inkcazelo. isicwangciso itempile Erechtheion oko ukusungulwa ngokwenkcukacha.

Le ndawo iyonke itempile phantse ezingamakhulu amathathu square metres. Kwaye oku ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo porticoes ukwakha engcwele! Temple yahlulwa amaphiko ezintathu, ngamnye ukuba uphahla ezahlukileyo wayingcwalisa uthixo yayo.

Kwinxalenye esempuma kuyindawo ngokupheleleyo nguPallas Athena, umgcini esi sixeko sidala. Ukuze ngathi wakhe adjoined iintsika ezintandathu, ukuphakama kwayo obeziimitha malunga emithandathu enesiqingatha. Kule nxalenye yetempile Erechtheion yi umfanekiso omhle-tempile wothixokazi, esikhanyayo imini nobusuku, nezibane yegolide ukukhanya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isibane ngokwayo umdla omkhulu izazinzulu. umdali wayo, Callimachus, wasungula uyilo ekhethekileyo kuvunyelwa kuphela kanye ngonyaka ukongeza ioli kwi isibane. Esi sixa kwanele ezimakhulu mathathu iintsuku ezintlanu mathandathu ngqo.

In iphiko esemantla nako ukungena ngomnyango zendlu yetempile. Log wayakha ezine zazihonjiswe enezintlu ibhastile.

West Wing wayakha isiqingatha-emine, elibheke olungaphambili zobungangamela kunye esekelwe. Olungaphambili yonke ihonjiswe kunye emarmore emhlophe phezu iperimitha azinamsonto imifanekiso oothixo ezintathu-ATTIC. Ekungeneni ezine window eliphezulu uvumelane ngokugqibeleleyo olinganise etikweni ngasentshona ngokufezekisa oku lomculo yinzwakazi.

Nakumzantsi wetempile Erechtheion adjoined emidala Pandroseion nesezindlu enkulu. Yena ogama lakhe behlonipha enye yeentombi Cecrops, polucheloveka-poluzmeya. Abemi wayesoyikwa umsunguli baseAthene. Ose- wayetyedile iikholam, sizibeke ukukrola abane-nobumbejembeje yakhe caryatids amantombazana. Caryatids yetempile Erechtheion i wamkelekile ezintsha bokwakha ehlabathini. Kuba okokuqala kwimbali sculpture lesiGrike elisetyenzisiweyo ukuxhasa amaqela umthwalo-langa. Kamva le ndlela yasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yakhe nabayili kulo lonke ihlabathi. Caryatids nangoku mangaza abakhenkethi ukusebenza wayo omangalisayo: zonke inkalo ebusweni nengubo lisikwa ukusuka emarmore emhlophe ngobuchule obukhulu kunye nokuchaneka.

Ke kaloku Acropolis kukho iikopi ngqo ezi eqingqiweyo. Le originals kunokubonwa Acropolis Museum. Kukho kwakhona iingceba BAS-imikrolo ukusuka olungaphambili kwetempile Erechtheion. Enye Caryatids sathathwa ngasese yi IsiNgesi inkosi kwilizwe lakhe kwaye ngoku oluboniswe kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani.

Kuzo zonke iindawo itempile engcwele. Eyona kubo zanikezelwa Athena, Poseidon kunye Erechtheus. Ngomhla kummandla Erechtheion basigcina amaxhoba emfazwe, yaye izinto ezingcwele ayahlonitshwa ngokungqongqo yi baseAthene.

Amabali neentsomi yengcwele yamandulo

Yintoni eneneni itempile Erechtheion odumileyo eAthens? Imbali legends ngokusondeleyo sase thaca ngenyameko.

Ngokutsho komnye wabo, itempile yakhiwe kwisayithi kubekho impikiswano phakathi Athena ne Poseidon. oothixo ababini babephikisana ngokuba ngubani oza kangcono kwisixeko esihle. Kangangexesha elide abazange bakwazi ukusombulula le ngxaki. Abemi banikela oothixo lukhuni ukwenza isixeko isipho. Yena isipho siya kuba luncedo kakhulu, ithathwa umxhasi ongcwele umzi. Poseidon wambetha Ababhali yakhe ukwahlula endulini ayinyusa ukuhamba kwamanzi olwandle ukuya esixekweni. Athena, ke, waphakamisa umthi womnquma, apho kamva waba uphawu Greece. Ukuphakama abemi wanika isithixokazi ubulumko, nendili le ngxabano endiyimisileyo a Erechtheion itempile. AmaGrike zibonise abakhenkethi omnye iindonga izakhiwo, nto leyo washiya uphawu ngoMhla Ababhali loThixo kweelwandle.

Erechtheus ukumkani ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali Greek. Ngaphantsi kwesandla sakhe esinamandla eAthene bafika ukuchuma liphezulu, yaye babezinikele yesithixokazi onelungelo nempembelelo ezingalindelekanga kummandla Greece. Emva kokufa edume Erechtheus wangcwatywa etempileni waza wadala engcwele.

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ngaphakathi Erechtheion itempile umqolomba uthixokazi inyoka Athena apho ahlala khona. Wayengumfundisi ye ihlelo bekusoloko walandela isimo le nyoka. Ukuba wala wazisa ukutya, isixeko wathembisa engxakini enkulu. Ngokutsho kwezinye Iintsomi zamaGrike inyoka yaba ungumthombo yokumkani kaHomer.

Ngaphakathi etempileni, a ezigcinwe kakuhle ngamanzi netyuwa. AmaGrike bathi oku amanzi engxondorheni ngexesha lembambano Athena kunye Poseidon. Oku ezikhuselweyo kakuhle bahlonipha ngabalungiseleli benkolo Poseidon. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba amanzi equleni khange yomile, Athens kufumana ukhuselo nje uthixokazi wabo, kodwa ngokuphikisana Poseidon. Konke oku, Kakade ke, legend kuhlekwe. Kodwa izazinzulu Awukwazi ukuchaza imvelaphi amanzi amtyuba endulini liphezulu Acropolis. Waye phantsi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvavanyo zaselaborathri. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba ngokwenene amanzi olwandle, nto leyo akuyi kubakho kakuhle na. Ngaphezu koko, inqanaba lamanzi okunene kusoloko efanayo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa etempileni Erechtheion

Ukuhla lwempucuko zamaGrike phantse linxuwa lo lesikhumbuzo bokwakha emangalisayo. Phambi ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, evezwa kuphela impanziso encinane, kodwa Venetians izenzo okungenaluzsini zitshintshile imbonakalo yakhe ngaphezu ingqalelo.

Iminyaka emininzi kule misitho etempileni yokubhiyozela ababingeleli zamaKristu, kwaye Turks abafika kamva wamenza ethathe abafazi wenkolo lowo.

Ngaphandle koku, le abembi ikwazile ukufumana ngexesha kumbiwa eninzi nezinto ezixabisekileyo, ezo ngoku kuboniswa kwakhona Acropolis Review abakhenkethi kulo myuziyam.

Greece wanika ezikhumbuzo obalaseleyo emhlabeni ukuze abone ukuba abakhenkethi befuna evela ehlabathini lonke. Amahle ilifa Greece ibonakaliswa njengoko Acropolis, itempile Erechtheion waba iperile enqabileyo, nto leyo umhombiso ilungileyo litye lesikhumbuzo yempucuko zawo.