Isivatho Bashkir. kwezihombo Bashkir neepatheni

kwezihombo Bashkir kunye neendlela ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo inkcubeko eziphathekayo ngexesha elifanayo elinye iintlobo bobuchule yokomoya yabantu Bashkortostan. Ngale ndlela, lobuciko kubangelwa kwiinkulungwane yophuhliso: kwi okwakhiwe, kwiindlela ezithile, imibala, idibanise amagcisa intsomi kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ubomi babantu kunye nendlela abaqonda ngayo inyaniso yokusingqongileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwembali.

Ovethe njengoko ubuhlobo yeenkcubeko

iziganeko ezinkulu kwimbali Bashkirs, ilenze ezithile ebomini zawo ngamaxesha okanye phantse ngaso zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kumacandelo ezobugcisa, kuquka zokuhombisa: kwi okwakhiwe ngayo ubuchule ngokubulawa, ekuphuhliseni ubuchule entsha okanye iintlobo ezikhoyo ziphele.

Bashkir ubuchule Isivatho okwakhiwe, imibala, iipatheni ezi isigama wamandla ibonisa eziqhubekekayo kwembali lobuhlanga yabantu Bashkir. Oku kusebenza imvelaphi yayo, neenkqubo bohlanga kumaXesha Aphakathi, unxibelelwano bamandulo mihla kwimbali nenkcubeko kunye ziintlanga. buciko ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela, kuqala kwiinto zonke, enkosi uzinzo olukhulu nesingxobo, ngokupheleleyo yaye ngokucacileyo ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi inkcubeko eziphathekayo, liqulethe imizila zaphawula ezahlukeneyo kunye intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

kwezihombo kaZwelonke Iipateni zifumaneka phantse zonke iindidi zemveliso iveliswayo khathalela ezandleni abaculi intsomi:

• iikhaphethi, impahla, iitawuli, amalengalenga, umandlalo yelinen emhlophe;
• impahla yesikhumba, amanqaku zokuhombisa ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo;
• izitya, izinto;
• Imizobo yobugcisa, imizobo, kushicilelwa, ushicilelo, njalo-njalo.

nakwikhaphethi

Ovethe abantu Bashkir kubonakala ngokukodwa nakwikhaphethi. iikhaphethi bafaniswe ziyinxalenye olusisinyanzelo njengekhazi intombazana. Iikhaphethi bafaniswe imivumbo ziye zasasazwa kuwo kumzantsi Bashkiria kunye nabantu Bashkir phakathi kummandla Kurgan. In kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona, asentshona umbindi Bashkiria, xa nezitya lwemilambo Dema kunye IR, ngokunjalo phakathi kunye esezantsi kuyo umlambo White ephothiweyo iikhaphethi ikakhulu kunye kwiipateni zejiyometri.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-20 kwi kumzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe a twa omkhulu nesingxobo iikhaphethi ezifunyenweyo mibala iintyatyambo ngohlobo curls kunye namasebe kunye neentyatyambo, amagqabi, namaqunube, ama-apile kunye njalo njalo. D. Enyanisweni, le intsha, sigaba mihla yokuzivelela izihombo kunye neepateni kwi kummandla Bashkortostan.

Iikhaphethi onepateni esinemigca

Iikhaphethi imivumbo umzekelo ephothiweyo ngeemakhishithi 20-22 cm ububanzi. Ipatheni longitudinally-ezinemizila idaliwe isiseko weegusha ngomsonto ezidayiweyo okanye ngoboya bebhokhwe. indlela Palace kulula - ke longitudinal, unamazinyo okanye agudileyo imivumbo multi-elimbala. elula kakhulu nenemizila Bashkir njengezivatho bubonisa ukuba lelona hlobo samandulo kwikhaphethi.

Iikhaphethi ngeepateni zeijiyometri zeentyantyambo

Bona athungwe ezimbini, ngamanye amaxesha amalaphu ephothiweyo amathathu ububanzi 40-60 cm kunye bubuxoki undi elimxinwa. Bordure ngokuqhelekileyo ephothiweyo web izinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye onepateni yahlukile kule ndlela yentsimi engundoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha ekhaphethini akanayo umda.

Ikhaphethi Bashkirsky zokuhombisa kunye kwiipateni zejiyometri kukhethwa rectilinear, kunye namanani ngqo. Izinto eziphambili kulo iidayimane masimu emibalabala, izikwere, iinkwenkwezi-etsolo asibhozo kunye nezinye iimilo, ngokwemigca ethe ngqo ngokuzalisa intsimi ikhaphethi alkhuni. Nabo ke, kuphuhliswa ngaphakathi amanani efanayo, kodwa ezincinane. izinto njengezivatho, ziqwalaselwe zodwa, zifumaneka okwakhiwe ezinye izizwe ezininzi. Noko ke, ukuhlanganiswa, sisincoko iyonke apho ingakumbi imibala ezikhethiweyo, zakha uhlobo ngokomfuziselo anemibala, nto leyo imfanelo nesangqawe ekhethekileyo Bashkir umbala yesizwe.

Kwimeko kwiinkqubo zonyango yezityalo lecondzile irhombus ipateni womphandle zejometri uthathe ngamasetyana kunye ngamagqabi; kuba inkwenkwezi-sisinge ezisibhozo iphathwa bunjengentyantyambo ezisibhozo-.

umbala spectrum

Isivatho Bashkir kazwelonke imibala ohlukahlukeneyo. Imivumbo Umbala - ebomvu, emthubi, eluhlaza, nemisonto emsi nemfusa kunye nezinye imibala kwi zinzulu kunye kwayo okukhulu umbala yimadder. Kwiinzame ukuba singaphindi ngamnye ezinye nabaluki benza ukwahluka okukhulu imibala. Xa kuqulunqo ukhetho yokuluka elula kunye indibanisela imibala bafike ngobuhle eliphezulu yokuhombisa.

amalaphu bafaniswe

kwezihombo Bashkir kunye neepatheni benokufunyanwa kwi phambi ilokhwe yesizwe. Amalaphu ezenziwe kwimicu zezityalo Bashkirs ezi iipatheni abazizityebi emnandi, iintlobo zobuchule ubuciko. Ukuthunga iimpahla everyday, izinto zemihla ngemihla ezenziwa ekuthiwa pestryad - ngelaphu onombala ehokweni okanye zinomtya. iimpahla imikhosi zemikhosi, izinto, izindlu ubuciko, ornamented iipateni nezivumelwano zokubambisa okanye namalaphu bran (ilaphu ephothiweyo).

Of emibalabala izikipa bokuthunga yabafazi, zisuke kubo izifo, amabhinqa kunye nebhulukhwe zabantu. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe wenza amalaphu, iitawuli, kwamalweyile, amalengalenga, kwaye ezahlukeneyo ngoko nonengxowa yomphako. D. Pestryad ipateni ngokwesindlwane ukhandwa kuhlangana imivumbo ezinemibala. Kwimimandla esemazantsi Bashkortostan kwi Urals kunye pestryad ephothiweyo iiseli ezinkulu. Imibala eyinhloko nombala obomvu, omhlophe nomnyama. Isivatho imimandla emibalabala National emantla weeseli ipateni encinane nemibala eyahlukeneyo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Amaxesha amaninzi pestryad plaid eyenzelwe iiqhiya nemibhinqo, amalaphu kunye amalengalenga, ihonjiswe ngezihombo kunye ezihonjiswe bran-ezifana medallions zokuphuma.

iintlobo izihombo

Ukubeka iipatheni textile ehonjiswe izinto kuphela yomhombiso ngenxa ekhaya: amakhethini, iitawuli nezinto amalaphu. Xa okwakhiwe ngayo mortgage iimpahla ubuchule ayisetyenziswanga. Iziqalelo elula nesingxobo, amanqaku encwadi zenziweyo umgca masimu ezinkulu - oku Bashkir yokuhombisa eqhelekileyo. Afune le migca inzima, ukuba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ukwenza i X-ezimilise, emise oku kuka-3, nekalikedo-ezimilise, inani emile 8, kunye nezinye iipateni ezintsonkothileyo. uphawu kakhulu kwenkwenkwezi-etsolo ezisibhozo, umnqamlezo, a swastika, nekalikedo kunye koqhubekeko amaqela okanye curls amawele ezimbombeni zaso, imilo hornlike.

nangobugcisa

Ngokwemveli e Bashkiria oyimfakamfele kwaba kubaluleke ngaphezu amalaphu bafaniswe. Isizathu yindlela elula imisebenzi, kwaye ungenza okunobuchule nemizamo. Ukwaluka efunekayo feedstock kwaye ngogonyamelo, kunye nokwanda igqityiwe amalaphu umenzi wayo yaba anachronism. Kodwa nezimfakamfele kwemfuno namhlanje. A iintlobo ngeentlobo iipatheni ezahlukeneyo kunye izivatho Bashkir. Amanani zixhomekeke oomatshini ezimfakamfele kunye indlela yokwenza isicelo imifanekiso kwi kumphezulu uyiluke rough.

izinto ezisisiseko nesingxobo - eli nani njenge iperi sezigodlo yemvu, imigca ezimilise-S, leyo, nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo kuvelisa neepateni ngohlobo unobumba X, okanye ibe swastika mibala isitayile kakhulu zeentyantyambo. Bashkir Isivatho wenza oyimfakamfele elaphini, velvet, abafane kwi umqhaphu amalaphu neyesilika, iwulu okanye cotton intambo. Ipatheni kwi iinqwelo-ngelaphu kudla athungwe kwisiqalo ebomvu okanye oluhlaza, naphezu pouches kunye iiteyiphu bokuhombisa nangoku kwenzeka kunye nemvelaphi black, enika umzekelo wokukhanya eliphezulu kwaye inika isandi kakuhle umbala ngamnye ipateni. Kuba iipateni ngokwabo ngokuqhelekileyo zikhethwa imibala kunye nemibala eshushu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, nokuchasanisa kunye imvelaphi. Kakhulu wayedla ebomvu, emthubi, eluhlaza kunye kunqabile kakhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oyithandayo umbala obomvu isoloko ifumaneka kwakuloo mzekelo esinemvelaphi ebomvu.

nangokukrola

Ukukrola, umhombiso kwi izitya kunye nokupeyinta phezu kweenkuni wayengekho nje ngokubanzi phakathi Bashkirs, ezifana oyimfakamfele okanye ngokufaka. Le Okungumahluko le mifanekiso zokwakha, ukusuka kwabonakala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX e Bashkiria yonke indawo. Ubuciko iinkuni nangokukrola ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ndizuze entabeni-kwicala mpuma Bashkiria, apho kanzulu amahlathi hlathi kakhulu ngamandla Urals Southern, nto leyo yayisinceda ezahlukeneyo izinto ekrwada for "imveliso iinkuni".

Neemfuno zoqoqosho zendalo kunye nokufumaneka kwamahlathi kudala wenza kuyimfuneko yaye kunokwenzeka ukuba aveze ngomthi izinto ezahlukeneyo, izinto zasekhaya. Kulo mzekelo, i nokusebenziseka Bashkirs, bona kuye adityaniswe edibene bathanda yobuhle. Manufacturing izinto ukusetyenziswa ngemihla, Bashkirs bazama ukuzenza nje ixesha elide, kulula-uku-setyenziswa iincoko, kodwa ezintle. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi kakhulu ngokucacileyo, umdla yaba ipateni izitya izinto yonke imihla, rhoqo ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ekwenziweni emele ukuba koumiss, xa okwakhiwe impahla, epeyinta lisekela yeplanga phantsi esifubeni, kunye imibala kazwelonke, sandivusela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, izinto abalondolozwa iipatheni ziqhelekile izizwe yamandulo inxaxheba kanye ukuyilwa nobuhlanga Bashkir uhlanga.

isiphelo

Ovethe yabantu Bashkir - i intsomi efanayo. Nguye lo imveliso yomsebenzi adibeneyo izizukulwana ngezizukulwana. iphethini ngayinye - isiphumo yomsebenzi esihlanganyelweyo, ngexa kwangaxesha nye yimveliso ukuyila bezobugcisa ngamnye. Amagcisa amaninzi musa kuphela ukwenza utshintsho iipateni zabo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kodwa wenze entsha. Ngenxa yoko, iipateni ezitsha eziye zavela azimanga ndawonye. Amanye amagcisa usile okanye ukuthembela iipateni zemveli, eyakho. Ngoko ke ukwahluka nobutyebi iifom esikubonayo okwakhiwe yemveli Bashkiria.